scholarly journals Estimation of export specialization: Lithuanian case

Equilibrium ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Bernatonyte
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Standard International Trade Classification ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Trade Classification ◽  
Export Specialization ◽  
Methods Of Measurement ◽  
The Eu

This paper investigates the nature and pattern of export specialization in Lithuania. The aim of this paper is to estimate the nature and pattern of Lithuanian export specialization under the existing conditions. Seeking to define the nature and pattern of export specialization, the basic methods of export specialization measurement and the nature and pattern of export specialization in trade between Lithuania and the EU are determined. For measurement of the pattern of export specialization in Lithuania two approaches are adopted. The index of export specialization is used to determine the pattern of comparative advantage. Secondly, trade dissimilarity index is used to predict structural changes in Lithuanian exports. Using these methods of measurement and standard international trade classification (SITC), the nature and pattern of Lithuanian export specialization was determined. It was found that the biggest flows from Lithuania to the EU are in the following groups: food, drink and tobacco; raw materials; mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials. These calculation results show the main directions of nature and pattern of export specialization. This research could be useful for preparing and forecasting the possibilities of Lithuanian export development.

scholarly journals Export Specialization of India with Top Five Agricultural Economies: An Application of RCA and RSCA

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4705-4708 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Standard International Trade Classification ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
World Demand ◽  
Trade Classification ◽  
Export Specialization

The paper attempts to determine Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) of Indian agriculture sector with respect to top five agriculture exporting countries viz; USA, UK, UAE, Singapore and China. The study evaluates the structure of comparative advantage from 1995-2017. Data as per the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC-1) is used to compute RCA and RSCA index. The indices reveals the comparative advantage in case of majority of commodities like fish, fish preparations, fruits, vegetables, sugar, sugar preparations, miscellaneous food products, wood, lumber and cork. Increasing world demand for exports trailed by the competitiveness of Indian exports has played an important role in export performance.

scholarly journals Russia’s Export Specialization in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-128
Author(s):  
Z. S. Podoba ◽  
M. M. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Coding System ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Electrical Machinery ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Export Specialization

The paper is devoted to the study of Russia’s export specialization in the countries of Africa in the period from 2001 to 2017. A comprehensive analysis of the dynamics, the commodity and geographical structure of Russian exports to the African continent has been carried out. Using bilateral trade data for product groups at the level of two digits of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS), this study examines the main patterns of comparative advantage in Russia’s trade with the countries of the region in the early 21st century. Based on the calculation results of the bilateral revealed comparative advantage index (RCA), authors identified a group of Russia’s trade partners in Africa, characterized by the largest number of export specialization product groups: Algeria, Angola, Guinea, Egypt, South Africa. Comparative analysis of Russia’s export specialization in Africa with the main partners in terms of trade turnover indicates, that Russia has more diverse comparative advantages in trade with some African countries (17 product groups), than with European ones, such as Germany (9 product groups) and Netherlands (8 groups). The study shows that Russia has export specialization in the following main product groups in African countries: HS 84 ‘Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof ’, HS 85‘Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof ’, HS 87 ‘Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-stock, and parts and accessories thereof ’, HS 48‘Paper and paperboard’ and HS 10‘Cereals’. The authors revealed, that the intensity of Russia’s export specialization in African countries increases with the augmentation of the technical complexity of products exported. It proves that Russian industrial products have competitive advantages in the African market. The development and strengthening of economic cooperation with Africa is one of the most important direction of non-commodity and non-energy exports expansion and geographical diversification of Russian trade. The paper concludes by discussing the promising avenues for the future Russian-African export partnership.

scholarly journals Agri-food trade of the new member states since the EU accession

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Török ◽  
A. Jámbor
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Member States ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
The Eu

In 2004 and 2007, twelve New Member States (NMS) joined the European Union (EU), causing several changes in the field of agriculture. One of the major changes was the transformation of the national agri-food trade. The aim of the paper is to analyse the effects of the EU accession on the NMS agri-food trade, especially considering the revealed comparative advantages. The results suggest that the intensity of the NMS agri-food trade has increased significantly after the accession, though there was a serious deterioration in the NMS agri-food trade balance in most cases. It has also become evident that the NMS agri-food trade was highly concentrated by country and by product, though the concentration has not changed significantly after the EU accession. Moreover, our analyses highlight one of the most important characteristics of the NMS agri-food trade structure – the focus on the agri-food raw materials in export together with the agri-food processed products in import. As to the NMS agri-food trade specialisation, the diversity among member states becomes apparent. Almost all countries experienced a decrease in their comparative advantage after the accession, though it still remained at an acceptable level in most cases. As for the stability of the comparative advantage, the results suggest a weakening trend, underpinned by the convergence of the pattern of revealed comparative advantage. By estimating the survival function to the sample, it can be observed that the accession has radically changed the survival time of agri-food trade, meaning that the revealed comparative advantage has not turned out to be persistent in the period analysed. From the policy perspective, there is a clear need for structural changes in the NMS agriculture and agri-food sector in order to tackle the negative tendencies of the national agri-food trade. The most important long-term goal should be the production and export of higher value-added processed products based on domestic raw materials.  

scholarly journals ASSESMENT OF THE INDUSTRY COMPETITIVENESS OF THE BALTIC STATES IN THE EU DURING THE PERIOD OF ECONOMIC RECESSION

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita REMEIKIENE ◽  
Grazina STARTIENE ◽  
Daiva DUMCIUVIENE
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Industrial Competitiveness ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of the article is to carry out the assessment of the industrial competitiveness of the Baltic States in the EU during the period of economic recession. Revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and Symmetric index (SI) index values revealed that after the period of economic recession, the growth of the industrial competitiveness of the Baltic States, considering it from export positions, is slower in comparison with GDP changes. Latvia has taken strong competitive positions in the industry of raw materials; Estonia also has medium comparative advantage in the industry of raw materials, while Lithuania has the comparative advantage in the industries of mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials. Export competitiveness index (XCI) results showed that all three Baltic States had growing competitive advantage in the industries of food, drinks and tobacco during both the period of economic recession and the period of economic revival. In the period of economic revival Estonia showed the growth potential in the industries of chemicals and related products, while Lithuania – in the industry of raw materials and related products.The identification of competitive industries during the periods of economic recession and revival can provide the governments of the Baltic States with the target data not only for supporting export companies, but also for taking the best decisions to improve the business environment in the industries that have the competitive advantage.

scholarly journals Export of Furniture Product from Malaysia: Market Prospects and Challenges

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 406-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahasanul Haque ◽  
Naila Anwar . ◽  
Zariyah Ibrahim .
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Standard International Trade Classification ◽  
Competitive Effect ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
Trade Classification ◽  
Constant Market Share ◽  
The Given

This study seeks to investigate the export competitiveness of Malaysian furniture product through the application of a collection of methods, which includes Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Constant Market Share (CMS) and Shift Share. SITC 821, which represents the furniture product under the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) for the period between 2000 and 2011, has been taken into consideration. The RCA method reveals that is an escalation in the countries competitive advantage of furniture product. The results from CMS method indicate that export gain of Malaysian furniture product is to a great extent a result of the size of the market as well as its competitive effect. Furthermore, CMS analysis also illustrates there has been significant improvements in the furniture industry throughout the given period which are Period I and II, Period and II and III and Period III and I. Additionally, shift share analysis shows that countries such as Brunei, Algeria, Norway, Lebanon and Korea are the major markets with the greatest potential. However, major challenges, in terms of competition, still exist mainly with Asian countries.

scholarly journals The Competitiveness of Indonesian Cashew Nuts in The Global Market

JEJAK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Syifa Al Mani ◽  
Eka Purna Yudha
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
International Market ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Trading Activities

Indonesia is one of the best quality cashew nut producers and exporters with a 1.2% share in the global market. This is very far from being compared to Vietnam as the world's main exporter of cashew nut controlling 34.07% of the global export market. This study aims to determine the competitive and comparative advantages of cashew nuts from Indonesia and Vietnam in the international market at 2009-2018. The various differences between the two countries make the products produced and distributed vary in quality and quantity. Competitive advantage is analyzed using Porter's diamond theory which consists of four factors to see the competitive advantage of an industry/country. Meanwhile, to determine the comparative advantage of cashew nut trading activities, the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Trade Specialization Index (ISP) were calculated. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be seen that Indonesia has an advantage in producing cashew nuts, but has not been able to process it optimally, such as Vietnam which applies special technology and standards in producing cashew nuts. The RCA calculation shows that Vietnam's cashew nut exports have much greater competitiveness than Indonesia, and the ISP calculation results show that both exporters are still importing to maintain the economy and ensure the availability of industrial raw materials in the global market. Trade-related policies need to be considered in order to increase export profits and benefit domestic business actors

scholarly journals Shifts in Pattern of Specialization: Case Studies of India and China

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Tri Widodo
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Standard International Trade Classification ◽  
China And India ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Trade Classification ◽  
Pattern Of Specialization ◽  
India And China

This paper examines shifts in pattern of specialization of China’s and India’s exported groups of products defined in the three-digit Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) Revision 2. This paper applies Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantages (RSCA) index and Spearman’s rank correlation. Some conclusions are withdrawn. First, on average the comparative advantages of both China and India increase, except in the case of China for the period of 1998-2003. Second, China’s pattern of comparative advantage changes more dynamically than that of India. Third, the China’s and India’s patterns of comparative advantage show different trends (divergent/more complementary).

scholarly journals The Rise of Middle Kingdoms: Emerging Economies in Global Trade

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon H Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
China And India ◽  
Export Specialization ◽  
Low And Middle Income

In this paper, I examine changes in international trade associated with the integration of low- and middle-income countries into the global economy. Led by China and India, the share of developing economies in global exports more than doubled between 1994 and 2008. One feature of new trade patterns is greater South-South trade. China and India have booming demand for imported raw materials, which they use to build cities and factories. Industrialization throughout the South has deepened global production networks, contributing to greater trade in intermediate inputs. A second feature of new trade patterns is the return of comparative advantage as a driver of global commerce. Growth in low- and middle-income nations makes specialization according to comparative advantage more important for the global composition of trade, as North-South and South-South commerce overtakes North-North flows. China's export specialization evolves rapidly over time, revealing a capacity to speed up product ladders. Most developing countries hyper-specialize in a handful of export products. The emergence of low- and middle-income countries in trade reveals significant gaps in knowledge about the deep empirical determinants of export specialization, the dynamics of specialization patterns, and why South-South and North-North trade differ.

scholarly journals Przewagi komparatywne USA w eksporcie wybranych surowców roślinnych na Jednolity Rynek Europejski

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (4) ◽  
pp. 370-381
Author(s):  
Karolina Pawlak ◽  
Dawid Jabkowski
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Revenue ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
The Us ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Export Shares ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper was to assess the US comparative advantages in the export of selected plant raw materials to the Single European Market (SEM) against the major EU producers and exporters of analysed product groups in 2003-2017. The research is based on the data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) resources. The following indicators were used in the comparative advantage analysis: the Revealed Comparative Advantage Indexes (XRCA, MRCA, RTA), the Coverage Ratio (CR), the Specialization Indicator (SI), Intra-Industry Trade Index (IIT) and the export shares. It was proved that the US had strong comparative advantages in the export of fruits and nuts, as well as oil seeds and oleaginous fruits to the SEM. These product groups gave the US almost 25% and more than 15% of the total revenue from the export of agri-food products to the EU countries, respectively.

European experience in transition to circular economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Ratner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
European Experience ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Eu

Subject. The article considers the concept of circular economy, which has originated relatively recently in the academic literature, and is now increasingly recognized in many countries at the national level. In the European Union, the transition to circular economy is viewed as an opportunity to improve competitiveness of the European Union, protect businesses from resource shortages and fluctuating prices for raw materials and supplies, and a way to increase employment and innovation. Objectives. The aim of the study is to analyze the incentives developed by the European Commission for moving to circular economy, and to assess their effectiveness on the basis of statistical analysis. Methods. I employ general scientific methods of research. Results. The analysis of the EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy enabled to conclude that the results of the recent research in circular economy barriers, eco-innovation, technology and infrastructure were successfully integrated into the framework of this document. Understanding the root causes holding back the circular economy development and the balanced combination of economic and administrative incentives strengthened the Action Plan, and it contributed to the circular economy development in the EU. Conclusions. The measures to stimulate the development of the circular economy proposed in the European Action Plan can be viewed as a prototype for designing similar strategies in other countries, including Russia. Meanwhile, a more detailed analysis of barriers to the circular economy at the level of individual countries and regions is needed.

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