scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CONFUCIAN CULTURE ON RUSSIA

Author(s):  
ZHENGFANG LV

Abstract. Confucian culture is one of the most important thoughts of the Chinese culture, it has been introduced into Russia since nearly three hundred years ago. Many of the Russian people were influenced by confucian culture, they apply the wisdom of Confius to their work and life. This paper focuses on the causes of the wide spread of the confucian culture.

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Jiangchi Zhang ◽  
Chaowu Xie ◽  
Alastair M. Morrison ◽  
Kun Zhang

Residents are important participants and stakeholders in destination development. Identifying factors that assist in predicting resident pro-environmental behavior (PEB) may contribute to enhanced sustainability. Based on a traditional Chinese culture, this research constructed a model of resident PEB by introducing pro-environmental destination image (PEDI) and Confucianism as the independent and moderating variables, respectively. The structural equation modeling for 402 residents indicated the model had a satisfactory level of predictive power for PEB. The results showed that: (1) PEDI positively affected residents’ environmental identity, pro-environmental attitudes, and PEB; (2) environmental identity and pro-environmental attitudes completely mediated the impact of PEDI on residents’ PEB; and (3) Confucian culture had a positive U-shaped moderating effect in the relationships among these four variables. Overall, these findings advance the understanding of the formation of PEB in Confucian culture and provide theoretical and practical implications for fostering residents’ PEB.


2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Zhang Bin

Confucius Institute has been established in the global range. This is a brand of Chinese culture initiatives, as well as the inevitable result of the international "Chinese craze" and also the strong support for the international promotion of the Chinese .Confucius Institute for Teaching Chinese as a foreign language to the main teaching content, adopts a flexible and diverse school running management. Though this initiative there will be a wide-spread Chinese civilization, the promotion of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries and finally will display the style and image of the Orient big country. This is very significant as to accelerate the development of overseas Chinese education and also lets the world know more about China in order to be closer to China which will be a far-reaching significance.                                      


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Hu ◽  
Fugui Xing ◽  
Miaorong Fan ◽  
Tingshao Zhu

Confucian culture has always been the most glorious component of Chinese culture. Governing the mainstream world of China for more than two millennia, it has cast a profound and long-lasting influence on the way of thinking and cultural-psychological formation of the Chinese people. Confucianism emphasizes caring about others with benevolence and governing a state with ethics, reflecting the importance of moral principles for politics. “Ren” and “Li” are important parts of the core values of Confucianism, so analyzing the differences between them and their evolution is of great significance for further understanding Confucian culture. This paper selected 132 classic Confucian works from SikuQuanshu, a large collection of books compiled during the Qianlong’s reign of the Qing Dynasty (1636–1912), to calculate the use of frequency of “Ren” and “Li” in those books by means of big data. Then the data was analyzed to show the development trajectory of “Ren” and “Li” from the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC) to the Qing Dynasty, providing a new perspective for the study of Confucian culture. The analysis result shows that from the Spring and Autumn period to the Qing Dynasty, both the frequencies of “Ren” and “Li” record a peak and a bottom: “Ren” has its peak in the Sui and Tang period (581–907) while “Li” reaches its climax in the Wei and Jin period (220–420); both “Ren” and “Li” hit their bottom during the Yuan Dynasty (1279–1368). The average frequency of “Li” is higher than that of “Ren” during most of the time (eight dynasties and periods). In general, “Li” is more frequently referred to in classic Confucian works than “Ren,” especially in those of the pre-Sui and Tang era. The An-Shi Disturbances in the Tang Dynasty may mark an important turning point for the frequencies of “Ren” and “Li” in classic Confucian works.


Author(s):  
Наталья Валерьевна Деева ◽  
Елена Евгеньевна Рыбникова

Введение. Выявление и описание особенностей национального характера, специфики его репрезентации представителями иной культуры входят в круг исследований ряда гуманитарных наук. В лингвистике анализ модели концепта какого-либо национального характера, описание стереотипов, лежащих в основе его формирования, являются ключом доступа к культурно детерминированной информации, хранящейся в сознании представителей определенной лингвокультуры. Подобного рода исследования имеют также и практическую значимость: построение успешных моделей в сфере межкультурной коммуникации невозможно без учета того, что думают, как оценивают представители одной культуры представителей другой. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования послужили языковые реакции, полученные в ходе свободного ассоциативного эксперимента, проведенного с китайскими студентами из Чанчуньского государственного педагогического университета, обучающимися в Кемеровском государственном институте культуры, а так-же результаты анкетирования, позволяющие судить о степени сформированности представлений о России и русских людях у данных представителей китайской лингвокультуры. Результаты и обсуждение. Модель концепта «русский характер», существующая в сознании китайских студентов, говорящих на русском языке, представляет собой полевую структуру (с ядерной и периферийной зонами). Основными чертами характера русского человека представителями китайской лингвокультуры были названы открытость, жизнерадостность, смелость, искренность и др. При этом ядерную зону концепта «русский характер» формируют исключительно положительные качества и черты характера русских людей, такие как открытость, терпеливость, независимость и др., а зона ближней и дальней периферии представлена как положительными (дружелюбность, ответственность, активность), так и отрицательными качествами и чертами характера (эгоистичность, грубость, пессимизм). Всего было выделено 22 признака, которые китайские респонденты приписывают русскому человеку и его характеру. Заключение. Представленные в структуре анализируемого концепта признаки и их перераспределение позволяют сделать вывод о том, что образ русских людей, их характер в сознании студентов из Китая сформированы в большей мере в положительном ключе. Introduction. The purpose of the article is to describe the model of the concept “Russian character”, presented in the mind of Chinese youth who speak Russian, by analyzing its lexical representatives identified by dint of a psycholinguistic experiment. Material and methods. The material of the study was the language reactions received during free associative experiment, which was held with 60 Chinese students. The analysis of the signs that form the structure of the concept “Russian character”, which exists in the consciousness of representatives of Chinese linguoculture, through its verbal objectivization, allows us to see the specifics of perception of representatives of Russian culture by representatives of Chinese, to evaluate the general direction of assessment of Russian by members of another ethnic group. Results and discussion. During the associative experiment representatives of Chinese culture were asked to answer the questions: “What kind of associations do you have when you hear the phrase “Russian character?”, “What kind is a Russian character?”. The analysis of the data obtained through this experiment allowed to pick out 22 character traits attributed by Chinese to Russian people. According to respondents, the key features of the Russian character are openness, cheerfulness, boldness, sincerity, etc. A smaller percentage of respondents (46.7 and 20, respectively) indicated that hardiness and responsibility are typical traits of a Russian person. 1.6 % of respondents think that straightforwardness, dexterity, enthusiasm are characteristics of Russians. Respondents also noted negative character traits of the Russian person. 26.6% of respondents call Russians selfish, 20 % – rude, 13.4 % – irresponsible, 6.7 % – lazy, greedy, etc. Thus, the model of the concept “Russian character”, existing in the consciousness of Chinese students who speak Russian, is a field structure (with nuclear and peripheral zones). The nuclear zone of the concept “Russian character” is formed by only positive qualities and character traits of Russian people, such as openness, patience, independence, etc., and the zones of the near and far periphery are presented as positive (friendliness, responsibility, activity), as well as negative qualities and character traits (selfishness, rudeness, pessimism). Conclusion. In general, the highlighted signs and their redistribution in the structure of the concept “Russian character” allow to conclude that the image of Russian people and their character in the consciousness of students from China are formed in a positive way.


Asian Studies ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Monika GÄNßBAUER

This article introduces the work of the academician Zhang Xianglong (b. 1949), focussing on his idea of establishing a “special zone for Confucianism” in China. Zhang argues that special protection is needed for Confucian traditions which he perceives as the leading culture of China. Confucian culture should find its way out of the museum, says Zhang. He also refers to the political concept of “one country, two systems” that was implemented when Hongkong was restored to Chinese rule. Zhang applies this to his idea of a “special zone for Confucianism”, suggesting that this political concept could be extended to “one country, three systems”. In my view Zhang is developing new, creative ideas for possible experimental fields dealing with Confucianism in the context of the People’s Republic of China. In the end it is my argument that it would be helpful to conduct in-depth research on the possible role of Confucianism in today’s China. 


Author(s):  
J. Temple Black

Since its introduction by Fernandez-Moran, the diamond knife has gained wide spread usage as a common material for cutting of thin sections of biological and metallic materials into thin films for examination in the transmission electron microscope. With the development of high voltage E.M. and scanning transmission E.M., microtomy applications will become increasingly important in the preparation of specimens. For those who can afford it, the diamond knife will thus continue to be an important tool to accomplish this effort until a cheaper but equally strong and sharp tool is found to replace the diamond, glass not withstanding.In Figs. 1 thru 3, a first attempt was made to examine the edge of a used (β=45°) diamond knife by means of the scanning electron microscope. Because diamond is conductive, first examination was tried without any coating of the diamond. However, the contamination at the edge caused severe charging during imaging. Next, a thin layer of carbon was deposited but charging was still extensive at high magnification - high voltage settings. Finally, the knife was given a light coating of gold-palladium which eliminated the charging and allowed high magnification micrographs to be made with reasonable resolution.


Author(s):  
E. Knapek ◽  
H. Formanek ◽  
G. Lefranc ◽  
I. Dietrich

A few years ago results on cryoprotection of L-valine were reported, where the values of the critical fluence De i.e, the electron exposure which decreases the intensity of the diffraction reflections by a factor e, amounted to the order of 2000 + 1000 e/nm2. In the meantime a discrepancy arose, since several groups published De values between 100 e/nm2 and 1200 e/nm2 /1 - 4/. This disagreement and particularly the wide spread of the results induced us to investigate more thoroughly the behaviour of organic crystals at very low temperatures during electron irradiation.For this purpose large L-valine crystals with homogenuous thickness were deposited on holey carbon films, thin carbon films or Au-coated holey carbon films. These specimens were cooled down to nearly liquid helium temperature in an electron microscope with a superconducting lens system and irradiated with 200 keU-electrons. The progress of radiation damage under different preparation conditions has been observed with series of electron diffraction patterns and direct images of extinction contours.


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