Pooled Testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Hospitalized Patients

Viral testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), particularly early in the COVID-19 pandemic, was limited by supply of reagents. We pooled nasopharyngeal samples from patients at low risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in groups of 3 for testing. Three weeks of testing using this strategy resulted in 530 patient tests in 179 cartridges; 4 positive test groups required the use of 11 additional cartridges with an overall positive rate of 0.8% in a low-risk population. This strategy resulted in the use of 340 fewer cartridges than if each test were performed on one patient sample. Pooled testing of lowrisk populations allows for continued testing even when supplies are relatively scarce. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2020;15:538-539. © Society of Hospital Medicine

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Antibody Responses in Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Daegu, Korea

10.21203/rs.3.rs-107728/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yu Kyung Kim ◽

Dohsik Minn ◽

Eun-Hyung Yoo ◽

Mikyoung Park ◽

Jae Hee Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Initial Diagnosis ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Igm Antibodies ◽

Time Period ◽

High Positive Rate ◽

Positive Rate ◽

Extended Time Period

Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) started to spread in Daegu from the end of February 2020. IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were measured in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with moderate to severe symptoms to improve the understanding of antibody responses.Methods: We enrolled 312 patients with COVID-19 admitted to seven hospitals located in Daegu. Using serum (or plasma) samples from patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, both IgG and IgM antibodies were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (R-FIND COVID-19 ELISA, SG medical, Seoul, Korea). Results: The median value from the initial diagnosis by confirming SARS-CoV-2 PCR to the sampling date was 24 days (day -1 to 88). The total positive rate of IgG was 93.9% and the positive IgM rate was 39.4%, without considering the elapsed period after diagnosis. Positive IgG and IgM rates were highest at 100.0% and 59.0% in 3 weeks (15–21 days), respectively. IgG showed a high positive rate of 79.3% even within 7 days after the initial diagnosis of the disease and maintained a positive rate of 97.8% until after 8 weeks. Conclusions: Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, IgG was detected from the beginning of the diagnosis and persisted for an extended time period.

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Significant pain is common among hospitalized patients, even those at low risk for pain

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e556372006-019 ◽

2004 ◽

Keyword(s):

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Low Risk ◽

Significant Pain

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Ocular Syphilis: A Rare Manifestation in a Low Risk Population

Family Medicine and Primary Care: Open Access ◽

10.29011/2688-7460.100006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Low Risk ◽

Risk Population ◽

Ocular Syphilis ◽

Rare Manifestation

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Dynamic changes of acquired maternal SARS-CoV-2 IgG in infants

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87535-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xia Wang ◽

Pu Yang ◽

Junwen Zheng ◽

Pin Liu ◽

Cong Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Dynamic Characteristics ◽

Perinatal Infection ◽

Serum Antibodies ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Transfer Rates ◽

Positive Rate ◽

Igg Level ◽

Maternal Igg

AbstractAt present, there are still ambiguous reports about the perinatal infection of infants born to mothers infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The dynamic characteristics of infantile serum antibodies born to mother with SARS-CoV-2 has not been well described. In this study, we analyzed the seroconversion of 27 newborns born to 26 pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG positive rate of parturient was 80.8%, and half of their infants obtained maternal IgG. IgG transfer rates were 18.8% and 81.8% in those infants whose mother infected less and more than 2 weeks before delivery. In the first two months of life, the IgG level of infants dropped sharply to one tenth of that at birth. These results suggest that maternal SARS-CoV-2 IgG provides limited protection for infants.

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Cytopathology Practice in the COVID-19 Era: Focus on Sample Workload

Journal of Molecular Pathology ◽

10.3390/jmp2020011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 109-113

Author(s):

Antonino Iaccarino ◽

Filippo Dello Iacovo ◽

Pasquale Pisapia ◽

Caterina De Luca ◽

Umberto Malapelle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Low Risk ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Drastic Reduction ◽

Risk Of Malignancy ◽

The Impact ◽

Cytological Sample

Since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak was declared a pandemic, the magnitude of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to grow, putting an unprecedented strain on all medical fields. Its effects on cytopathology workloads have been dramatic. Indeed, despite the implementation of several laboratory biosafety recommendations, cytological screening activities and cytological sampling of patients at low risk of malignancy have been postponed to limit the risk of contagion and to lessen the strain on overwhelmed hospital facilities. In this scenario, a drastic reduction in the total number of cytological specimens has been observed worldwide. This review summarizes the current evidence of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cytopathology practice by focusing on its impact on cytological sample workload.

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Clinical effectiveness of convalescent plasma in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease ◽

10.1177/17534666211028077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 175346662110280

Author(s):

Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga ◽

Ruth Ana María González-Villoria ◽

María Vanesa Elizondo ◽

Anel Yaneli Nicolás Osorio ◽

David Gómez Martínez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Clinical Improvement ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Clinical Effectiveness ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Low Risk ◽

Controlled Clinical Trials

Aims: Given the variability of previously reported results, this systematic review aims to determine the clinical effectiveness of convalescent plasma employed in the treatment of hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of controlled clinical trials assessing treatment with convalescent plasma for hospitalized patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The outcomes were mortality, clinical improvement, and ventilation requirement. Results: A total of 51 studies were retrieved from the databases. Five articles were finally included in the data extraction and qualitative and quantitative synthesis of results. The overall risk of bias in the reviewed articles was established at low-risk only in two trials. The meta-analysis suggests that there is no benefit of convalescent plasma compared with standard care or placebo in reducing the overall mortality and the ventilation requirement. However, there could be a benefit for the clinical improvement in patients treated with plasma. Conclusion: Current results led to assume that the convalescent plasma transfusion cannot reduce the mortality or ventilation requirement in hospitalized patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. More controlled clinical trials conducted with methodologies that ensure a low risk of bias are still needed. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

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Preventive effect of trimetazidine on contrast-induced nephropathy undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in elderly moderate and high risk diabetics stratified by mehran score

Perfusion ◽

10.1177/0267659120952057 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 026765912095205

Author(s):

Xue Zhang ◽

Peng Zhang ◽

Shicheng Yang ◽

Wenyuan Li ◽

Xiuzhen Men ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽

High Risk ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Coronary Intervention ◽

Low Risk ◽

Control Group ◽

Preventive Effect ◽

Contrast Induced Nephropathy ◽

Risk Population ◽

Percutaneous Coronary

Background: The aim of this research was to use the Mehran risk score to classify elderly diabetics with coronary heart disease to assess the preventive effect of trimetazidine on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in different risk population. Methods: An uncompromised of 760 elderly diabetics that went through PCI were included in this research. The patients were first divided into three groups in the light of MRS: low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk group, then randomized into trimetazidine group and the control group respectively. The first endpoint was the amount of CIN, which is described as a rise in serum creatinine levels by ⩾44.2 μmol/L or ⩾25% ratio within 48 or 72 hours after medication. Second endpoint included differences in creatinine clearance rate (CrCl), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), cystatin-C (Cys-C), and the incidence of major adverse events after administration. Results: In the three groups, the incidence of CIN in trimetazidine and control group was 5.0% versus 4.9%(χ2 = 0.005, p > 0.05), 8.0% versus 18.0% (χ2 = 7.685, p < 0.05), 10.4% versus 27.1% (χ2 = 4.376, p < 0.05), respectively. The multivariable logistic regression result demonstrated that trimetazidine intervention was a profitable element of CIN in moderate and high-risk groups (OR = 0.294, 95% CI 0.094-0.920, p = 0.035). Conclusion: Our study confirmed that trimetazidine can be considered for preventive treatment of CIN occurrence in elderly diabetics with moderate and high-risk population, while there is no obvious advantage compared with hydration therapy in low-risk patients.

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