The present study examined prospective and concurrent associations between traits, political orientation, well-being, coping and positive social relations, infection and preventive behavior beliefs, preventive behaviors, symptoms, exposure, viral testing, and coronavirus vaccine intention and likelihood following the FDA emergency use authorization for the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. The pre-registered study used a stratified online U.S. sample assessed from March, 2020, to January, 2021 (N = 500). Three assessments were aligned with “15 days to slow the spread” in March 2020; the first mortality surge in April/May, 2020; and the overlapping FDA EUA in mid-December, 2020, and major case/mortality surge during December, 2020 and January, 2021. Consistent with contemporaneous polling, 66.4 % of participants agreed a little or strongly agreed that they intended to receive an approved vaccine. Modeling results showed less education (β = .11, p < .01), child(ren) in the household (β = -.14, p < .001), baseline conservative political orientation (β = -.17, p < .001), weaker concurrent perceived health consequences (β = .13, p < .05), weaker concurrent norms for preventive behaviors (β = .23, p < .001), and less frequent concurrent mask wearing (β = .23, p < .001) were associated with weaker vaccine inclination. None of the trait, coping, or sickness experience variables was associated with vaccine inclination in the model. The results clarify the parental, political, and preventive factors associated with vaccine inclination and suggest the need for a multi-pronged vaccination campaign immediately before approval and upon availability of a novel vaccine.