Evaluation of Systemic C-Reactive Protein as a Systemic Inflammatory Marker in the Blood for Patients Undergoing Minor Oral Surgical Procedures

Abstract. Background: This prospective study was designed to evaluate the effect of inflammatory markers on the presence and progression of subclinical markers of carotid atherosclerosis in a 3.8-year follow-up period in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients and methods: A total of 595 subjects with T2DM were enrolled. Subclinical markers of carotid atherosclerosis (carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), plaque thickness, and plaques presence) were assessed with ultrasound at the time of recruitment and again after 3.8 years. Subjects with T2DM were divided into 2 groups according to the plasma high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels (subjects with hs-CRP ≥ 2 mg/L and subjects with hs-CRP below 2 mg/L). Results: Subjects with T2DM and hs-CRP levels ≥ 2 mg/L had higher CIMT in comparison with subjects with T2DM and hs-CRP levels below 2 mg/L, and higher incidence of plaques/unstable plaques in comparison with subjects with T2DM and hs-CRP levels below 2 mg/L. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found the association between the HDL cholesterol level and presence of plaques, whereas the inflammatory marker hs-CRP was not associated with subclinical markers of progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Multiple linear regression analysis found the association between the hs-CRP levels and either CIMT progression rate or a change in the number of sites with plaques in a 3.8-year follow-up. Conclusions: We demonstrated an association between the inflammatory marker hs-CRP and either CIMT or incidence of plaques/unstable plaques at the time of recruitment in Caucasians with T2DM. Moreover, we found the association between hs-CRP levels and either CIMT progression rate or a change in the number of sites with plaques in a 3.8-year follow-up in subjects with T2DM.

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Comparison of the Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio and C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients With Amputation for Diabetic Foot Ulcers

The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds ◽

10.1177/1534734617696729 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 23-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hasan Metineren ◽

Turan Cihan Dülgeroğlu

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Foot ◽

Inflammatory Marker ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Before And After

This study compared the effectiveness of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) versus C-reactive protein (CRP) for evaluating the prognosis and degree of inflammation in patients with amputation for a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). This study enrolled 56 patients with amputations for DFU with gangrene and compared the CRP levels and NLR measured before and after surgery. Overall, 24 patients (42%) died within 2 weeks postoperatively. Mortality increased with a preoperative/postoperative CRP difference ≤1.5 ( P < .001) and age 73 years or older ( P < .001). The postoperative NLR was lower than the preoperative value but was not significant as a prognostic or inflammatory marker ( P = .945). An increasing serum CRP level is a significant predictor of mortality. CRP and old age are reliable prognostic factors in patients with DFU.

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C-reactive protein as an inflammatory marker of acute infections outside intensive care settings: case report and evidence-based literature review

Autopsy and Case Reports ◽

10.4322/acr.2011.011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 3-9

Author(s):

Alcino Pires Gama ◽

Itamar de Souza Santos ◽

Rodrigo Diaz Olmosa ◽

Lucia Mendes de Oliveira Pinto ◽

Isabela Judith Martins Bensenor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Case Report ◽

Literature Review ◽

Inflammatory Marker ◽

Evidence Based ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Acute Infections

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Gambaran kadar C-reactive protein (CRP) serum pada perokok aktif usia >40 tahun

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.4.2.2016.12657 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Hendrika N. C. Dewi ◽

Michaela E. Paruntu ◽

Murniati Tiho

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Marker ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Toxic Chemical ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Positive Serum ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Serum Crp ◽

Descriptive Method

Abstract: Cigarette are the most cause of death around the world. Smoking cigarrete is harmful to the organs because it contains many toxic chemical that can stimulate inflammatory process. Smoking cigarrete is a risk factors for heart disease and chronic pulmonary disease (COPD). C-reactive protein (CRP) are a non spesific inflammatory marker that can elevated in both local and systemic disease. Beside biomarker, CRP also use as prognostic marker for inflammation. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of serum CRP of smokers aged >40 years old. Twenty eight smokers were eligible to this criteria and participated in this study. Cross-sectional design with a descriptive method was employed in this study. Sampels were analysed in laboratory for serum CRP levels. The results showed that 23 subjects (82%) had normal (negatif) serum CRP level and five subjects (18%) had positive serum CRP level. It can be concluded that serum CRP level of >40 years old smokers in Kolombo village, west Bitung two were mostly in normal level.Keywords: c-reactive protein (crp), active smoker, at age >40 years oldAbstrak: Rokok menjadi salah satu penyebab kematian terbesar di dunia. Merokok membahayakan hampir semua organ tubuh karena mengandung berbagai bahan kimia berbahaya yang dapat merangsang proses peradangan dan merupakan faktor utama penyakit jantung dan penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK). C-Reactive Protein (CRP) merupakan petanda inflamasi non-spesifik yang meningkat pada penyakit lokal maupun sistemik. Selain biomarker CRP juga dijadikan sebagai penanda prognostik untuk inflamasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kadar CRP serum pada perokok berusia >40 tahun. Dua puluh delapan perokok memenuhi syarat untuk kriteria ini dan berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan metode deskriptif. Kadar CRP serum sampel dianalisis di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 23 subyek (82%) memiliki kadar CRP serum normal (negatif) dan lima subjek (18%) memiliki kadar CRP serum positif. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar CRP serum perokok berusia >40 tahun di desa Kolombo, Bitung barat dua kebanyakan dalam kadar normal.Kata kunci: c-reactive protein (crp), perokok aktif, usia >40 tahun.

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Age modification of the relationship between C-reactive protein and fatigue: findings from Understanding Society (UKHLS)

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291717002872 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (8) ◽

pp. 1341-1349 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Hughes ◽

M. Kumari

Keyword(s):

Multilevel Models ◽

Inflammatory Marker ◽

Glycated Haemoglobin ◽

Clinical Disease ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Community Studies ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Adult Age ◽

Reactive Protein

AbstractBackgroundSystemic inflammation may play a role in the development of idiopathic fatigue, that is, fatigue not explained by infections or diagnosed chronic illness, but this relationship has never been investigated in community studies including the entire adult age span. We examine the association of the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) and fatigue assessed annually in a 3-year outcome period for UK adults aged 16–98.MethodsMultilevel models were used to track fatigue 7, 19, and 31 months after CRP measurement, in 10 606 UK individuals. Models accounted for baseline fatigue, demographics, health conditions diagnosed at baseline and during follow-up, adiposity, and psychological distress. Sensitivity analyses considered factors including smoking, sub-clinical disease (blood pressure, anaemia, glycated haemoglobin), medications, ethnicity, and alcohol consumption.ResultsFatigue and CRP increased with age, and women had higher values than men. CRP was associated with future self-reported fatigue, but only for the oldest participants. Thus, in those aged 61–98 years, high CRP (>3 mg/L) independently predicted greater fatigue 7, 19, and 31 months after CRP measurement [odds ratio for new-onset fatigue after 7 months: 1.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–2.92; 19 months: 2.25, CI 1.46–3.49; 31 months: 1.65, CI 1.07–2.54]. No significant longitudinal associations were seen for younger participants.ConclusionsOur findings support previously described CRP–fatigue associations in older individuals. However, there are clear age modifications in these associations, which may reflect a contribution of unmeasured sub-clinical disease of limited relevance to younger individuals. Further work is necessary to clarify intervening processes linking CRP and fatigue in older individuals.

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Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Interleukin 6, and C-Reactive Protein with the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Rural Thais

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2019/9051929 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jirayu Lainampetch ◽

Pornpimol Panprathip ◽

Chanchira Phosat ◽

Noppanath Chumpathat ◽

Pattaneeya Prangthip ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Inflammatory Marker ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Factor Alpha ◽

Necrosis Factor

The linkage of obesity, inflammation, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been extensively investigated for over a decade. However, the association between inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and T2DM is still inconsistent and limited. Thus, this study is aimed at elucidating the association between inflammatory marker levels and the risk of developing T2DM in many aspects. Among 296 subjects enrolled in 2013, 248 non-T2DM subjects who were completely reinvestigated in 2014 and 2015 were included in a 2-year retrospective analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association of baseline inflammatory marker levels and variation with incidence of T2DM. After the 2-year follow-up, 18.6% of total subjects had developed T2DM. The risk of developing T2DM was significantly increased in subjects with a high level of baseline CRP (OR=4.02, 95% CI: 1.77-9.12, P=0.001), and a stronger impact was found with the combination of high CRP and IL-6 levels (OR=5.11, 95% CI: 1.27-20.49, P=0.021). One-year inflammatory marker variation analysis also revealed the significant association of elevated TNF-α and risk of developing T2DM (OR=4.88, 95% CI: 1.01-23.49, P=0.048). In conclusion, besides consideration of CRP levels alone, our findings suggested that IL-6 outstandingly plays a contributing role in T2DM progression and elevated TNF-α levels over time could be a potential predictor of T2DM.

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Impact of Genetic and Environmental Factors on hsCRP Concentrations and Response to Therapeutic Agents

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2008.117754 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 256-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Jian Shen ◽

Jose M Ordovas

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Genetic Polymorphisms ◽

Genetic Variants ◽

Inflammatory Marker ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Fenofibrate Treatment ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Inflammation plays an instrumental role in all stages of atherosclerosis. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a systemic inflammatory marker, has been gaining recognition as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both baseline hsCRP concentrations and drug-induced hsCRP changes are highly variable and potentially subject to genetic regulation. Content: This review summarizes the current studies examining the effect of genetic and environmental factors on baseline plasma hsCRP concentrations, with a main focus on C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related (CRP) genetic polymorphisms and various dietary components that affect hsCRP concentrations. We also address the association of CRP genetic variations with CVD risk, a relationship that may support or refute the causality of CRP in the atherosclerotic process. Moreover, we discuss the impact of CRP genetic polymorphisms on hsCRP changes in response to 3-week fenofibrate treatment in the genetic intervention of the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study. Summary: Genetic variants on the CRP locus and other loci and dietary and lifestyle factors are responsible for the interindividual variability of plasma hsCRP concentrations. CRP genetic variants further influence differing plasma hsCRP response after 3-week fenofibrate treatment in patients with metabolic syndrome. Future studies focusing on the influence and interaction of genetic variation on the hsCRP response to dietary and other behavior modification as well as drug treatment could have important implications for the development of more personalized preventive and therapeutic approaches to reduce CVD.

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Ethnic Differences in C-Reactive Protein Concentrations

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2007.098996 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 1027-1037 ◽

Cited By ~ 131

Author(s):

Alyson Kelley-Hedgepeth ◽

Donald M Lloyd-Jones ◽

Alicia Colvin ◽

Karen A Matthews ◽

Janet Johnston ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

African American ◽

African American Women ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

White Women ◽

Inflammatory Marker ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reactive Protein

Abstract Background: Limited data exist regarding the ethnic differences in C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, an inflammatory marker associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We hypothesized that known CVD risk factors, including anthropometric characteristics, would explain much of the observed ethnic variation in CRP. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 3154 women, without known CVD and not receiving hormone therapy, enrolled in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a multiethnic prospective study of pre- and perimenopausal women. Results: The study population was 47.4% white, 27.7% African-American, 8.5% Hispanic, 7.7% Chinese, and 8.6% Japanese; mean age was 46.2 years. African-American women had the highest median CRP concentrations (3.2 mg/L), followed by Hispanic (2.3 mg/L), white (1.5 mg/L), Chinese (0.7 mg/L), and Japanese (0.5 mg/L) women (all pairwise P < 0.001 compared with white women). Body mass index (BMI) markedly attenuated the association between ethnicity and CRP. After adjusting for age, socioeconomic status, BMI, and other risk factors, African-American ethnicity was associated with CRP concentrations >3 mg/L (odds ratio 1.37, 95% CI 1.07–1.75), whereas Chinese and Japanese ethnicities were inversely related (0.58, 0.35–0.95, and 0.43, 0.26–0.72, respectively). Conclusions: Modifiable risk factors, particularly BMI, account for much but not all of the ethnic differences in CRP concentrations. Further study is needed of these ethnic differences and their implications for the use of CRP in CVD risk prediction.

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