Manufacturing Process Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Lugovoi ◽  
Dimitrios A. Andritsos ◽  
Claire Senot
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Process Innovation ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Process Innovations

Problem definition: Process innovation is commonly claimed to be a major source of competitive advantage for firms. Despite this perceived influence, it has received substantially less attention than product innovation, and much uncertainty remains about its true association with firm performance. We investigate the relationship between a pharmaceutical firm’s portfolio of manufacturing process innovations and its economic performance. Academic/practical relevance: We uniquely conduct a multidimensional evaluation of a firm’s portfolio of manufacturing process innovations at the product level. This allows a quantitative evaluation of both the relative benefit of the different dimensions of a portfolio as well as the potential complementarities between these in different technological landscapes. Methodology: Through a collaboration with expert patent attorneys, we develop a unique longitudinal data set that combines secondary data and evaluations of a firm’s portfolio of process patents along two key dimensions: novelty and scope. We conduct econometric analyses for a large-scale sample of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) whose product patents have expired and for which process innovation is thus the main source of competitive advantage. Results: We find a positive association between the presence of manufacturing process innovation and firm performance. However, although portfolio’s scope appears to always be beneficial to performance, the effect of novelty alone depends on the ruggedness of the technological landscape: negative in smoother landscapes and positive in more rugged landscapes. Results further suggest that novelty and scope of a portfolio of process innovations are complementary across technological landscapes. Managerial implications: Our results provide important practical insights that can inform the organization and execution of the research and development process across high-technology industries. In particular, although process innovations can be economically beneficial, investing in high-novelty process innovations without a corresponding high scope could jeopardize payoffs, especially in technological landscapes that are relatively smooth.

EXPRESS: High-Energy Ad Content: A Large-scale Investigation of TV Commercials

2021 ◽  
pp. 002224372110678
Author(s):  
Joonhyuk Yang ◽  
Yingkang Xie ◽  
Lakshman Krishnamurthi ◽  
Purushottam Papatla
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Tv Commercials

A trend reported by both academics and practitioners is that advertising on TV has become increasingly energetic. This study investigates the association between the energy level in ad content and consumers’ tendency of ad-tuning. Using a data set of over 27,000 TV commercials delivered to U.S. homes during the period between 2015 and 2018, the authors first present a framework to algorithmically measure the energy level in ad content from the video of ads. This algorithm-based measure is then compared to human-perceived energy levels, which shows that the measure is related to the level of arousal stimulated by ad content. By relating the energy levels in ad content with the tendency of ad-tuning using two empirical procedures, the authors document the following. Overall, more energetic commercials are likely to be tuned in more or avoided less by viewers. The positive association between energy levels in ad content and ad-tuning is statistically significant after controlling for placement and other aspects of commercials. However, the association varies across product categories and program genres. The main implication of this study is that advertisers should pay attention to components of ad content other than loudness, which has been regulated by law.

Does organizational learning lead to higher firm performance?

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wencang Zhou ◽  
Huajing Hu ◽  
Xuli Shi
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Firm Innovation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Firm Financial Performance ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
And Performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for studying organizational learning, firm innovation and firm financial performance. Design/methodology/approach – This paper examines the effects of organizational learning on innovation and performance among 287 listed Chinese companies. Findings – The results indicate a positive association between organizational learning dimensions and firm performance (both objective financial performance and perceptual innovation measure). Research limitations/implications – The sample includes only firms for which secondary data are available. Different results might have been obtained if we include smaller, private firms into the sample. This paper only includes a limited number of measures of financial performance to assess the relationship between organization learning dimensions and firm performance. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further with different performance measures. Practical implications – The results showed that it is the combination of several learning characteristics and not a single dimension that influenced the variance of firm performance. The findings reinforce the notion that systemic interventions that address a variety and different combinations of learning organization characteristics will be more likely to be successful than interventions that solely focus on singular or a limited number of dimensions. Originality/value – The integration of objective measures of firms’ financial performance with perceptual survey data represents a unique methodology that has not been widely used in the organizational learning literature. The positive correlations between the eight learning dimensions and the measures of firms’ performance lend credence to the efficacy of the organizational learning concepts.

INNOVATION OF PROCESS TECHNOLOGY: EXPLORING DETERMINANTS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 1113-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARKUS BERGFORS ◽  
THOMAS LAGER
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Design ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Process Innovation ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Innovation Intensity ◽  
Organizational Affiliation

At present, R&D managers have little guidance on how to design organizations with respect to organizational affiliation of process innovation. While process innovation in the process industries traditionally accounts for a large share of the company's total development resources it has nevertheless not received much attention in academic studies. In this paper four variables: (1) Industry category, (2) Size of R&D organization, (3) Process innovation intensity and (4) Newness of process innovation are statistically tested against the organizational affiliation of process innovation, based within either R&D or production. The study provides new empirical support for the positive association between the degree of newness and the organization of process innovations. By extensively analysing and discussing the findings in terms of both pros and cons for different organizational structural choices for process innovation, the paper also offers managers practical guidance in making organizational design decisions.

scholarly journals Analysis of Abnormal Operating Performance Between Family Owned Firms and State Owned Firms in Indonesia and Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Citra Sukmadilaga ◽  
Erlane K Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
The State ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Performance Result ◽  
The Family ◽  
Government Involvement

Purpose: This study examines the financial performance of family owned firms and state owned firms listed in Bursa Malaysia and the Indonesia Stock Exchange.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employed abnormal operating performance to measure firm performance over a 15 year period from 1992 to 2007.Findings: This study shows that the state owned firms outperformed the family owned firms in Indonesia and Malaysia. Hence, the family owned firms need to strategize on how to increase its competitive advantage in order to compete with the state owned firms especially if they are competing in similar industry. Based on abnormal operating performance result, for each type of ownership which have model that have influenced by changing in their internal company or changing within their industry, they need to consider all factors that can impact their performance.Practical Implications: This study may assists the family owned and government involvement in company and their performance.Originality/Value: This study contributes to the existing literature by providing a new data set on family and government owned companies in both countries.

scholarly journals OPENNESS IN PRODUCT AND PROCESS INNOVATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250020 ◽  
Author(s):  
FANG HUANG ◽  
JOHN RICE
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Products ◽  
Process Innovation ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
External Information ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Product And Process Innovation ◽  
The Impact

Open innovation has generally been explored in terms of improved innovation performance vis-à-vis product/service innovation performance. However, process innovation is often ignored in the open innovation literature. In this study, we assess the impact of openness on innovation in products/services, and also on process innovation, drawing on a large-scale sample of Australian firms. In essence, we find that open innovation models are useful for firms seeking to innovate in processes as well as products and services. However, we find that openness to external information sources may, after a time, lead to decreasing marginal returns as measured by innovation performance. We also observe that, within our sample, the proposed complementarities between internal and external knowledge are generally only evident as precursors to the introduction of new products and services, and may not be as beneficial in stimulating process innovations. It is also shown by our study that investment in absorptive capacity has a declining marginal effect on the innovation performance of new processes, but not on the introduction of new products and services.

scholarly journals Empirical Analysis on Corporate Transparency, Competitive Advantage, and Performance: An Insight of Muscat Securities Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Ashrf Alzman Mohammed Osman Gani ◽  
Abdul Hamid Said Salim Al Rahbi ◽  
Essia Ries Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Securities Market ◽  
Managerial Accounting ◽  
High Transparency ◽  
Corporate Transparency ◽  
Firm Financial Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The main purpose of define the relationship between firm performance and corporate transparency. As well, this study determines the relationship between firm performance and competitive advantage. In this study, a sample size of 60 was designated from three sectors (Financial, Industrial, and Service) in Muscat Securities Market (MSM). The secondary data collected is examined with Smart PLS 3.0. The findings of the study have been confirming that high transparency led to increasing the performance of firms. Thus, high transparency enhances performance. The findings revealed that corporate transparency is positively related to competitive advantage, which in turn enhances managerial accounting measurements. Thus, corporate transparency is indeed an important tool for competitive advantage and will enhance firm financial performance. The findings of study found that the majority of companies in Oman has very good disclosed in financial statement transparency and  less disclosure in  social transparency part.

Political Identity and Financial Risk Taking: Insights from Social Dominance Orientation

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyuhong Han ◽  
Jihye Jung ◽  
Vikas Mittal ◽  
Jinyong Daniel Zyung ◽  
Hajo Adam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Data Set

This article investigates how people’s political identity is associated with their financial risk taking. The authors argue that conservatives’ financial risk taking increases as their self-efficacy increases because of their greater social dominance orientation, whereas liberals’ financial risk taking is invariant to their self-efficacy. This central hypothesis is verified in six studies using different measures of political identity, self-efficacy, and financial risk taking. The studies also use different samples of U.S. consumers, including online panels, a large-scale data set spanning five election cycles, and a secondary data set of political donations made by managers at companies. Finally, the authors articulate and demonstrate the mediating effect of individuals’ focus on the upside potential of a decision among conservatives but not liberals.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Innovation Terhadap Firm Performance Pada Umkm Meubeldi Kabupaten Bojonegoro

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raka Guntur Saleksa ◽  
Arif Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Process Innovation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Dominant Influence

Innovation is needed by SMEs to survive and thrive in business also increase performance of the firm. Previous research referred to this study that the innovation has resulted in a positive effect on the performance of the firm. While this research discusses Effect Innovation Against Firm Performance In Furniture SMEs in Bojonegoro. The population in this study amounted to 306 the number of the sample that is used as much as 175 respondents. There are two hypotheses in this research, innovation with dimensions Product Innovation, Process Innovation, Market Innovation simultaneously significant effect on the Firm Performance as the first hypothesis, and Product innovation, has dominant influence significantly to the Firm Performance for the second hypothesis. The method used for the calculation and testing of linear regression analysis premises with SPSS tool 22. This study resulted in that the dimensions of Product Innovation, Process Innovation, Market Innovation simultaneously significant effect on Firm Performance and Product innovation, has dominant influence significantly to the Firm Performance so the both of hypothesis in this study is received. For further research that examines the SMEs, can use the object of another, larger study outside the furniture business, adding a secondary data without compromising the primary data to determine the performance of the company, also with other research models based on theories that support.

scholarly journals Process Innovation and Competitive Advantage in Telecommunication Companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
Peter Chege Mugo ◽  
Juliana Mulaa Namada
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Telecommunications Industry ◽  
Process Innovation ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Telecommunication Industry ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Telecommunication Companies ◽  
Telecommunications Companies

Innovation is key to achieving a competitive advantage. In a bid to achieve competitive advantage, companies have considered different types of innovation. Each firm establishes its own competitive niche depending on the conditions that allow it to be productive within that specific niche. Process innovations have emerged as some of the key competitive fronts for many firms including the telecommunications industry. This paper focuses on establishing the effect of process innovation on the competitive advantage of the telecommunication industry in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design using a sample size of 26 active telecommunications companies in Kenya. The respondents were mid and top-level managers. The linear regression model showed process innovation statistically affects the competitive advantage of telecommunication companies in Kenya (β = .302t = 4.952, p<.05). The study recommends telecommunication companies to design processes that provide optimum returns and use disruptive technology to design innovative processes.

Identifying groups of airborne particles by ordination

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 856-857
Author(s):  
M. Shlepr ◽  
C. M. Vicroy
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Microelectronics Industry ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Source Materials

The microelectronics industry is heavily tasked with minimizing contaminates at all steps of the manufacturing process. Particles are generated by physical and/or chemical fragmentation from a mothersource. The tools and macrovolumes of chemicals used for processing, the environment surrounding the process, and the circuits themselves are all potential particle sources. A first step in eliminating these contaminants is to identify their source. Elemental analysis of the particles often proves useful toward this goal, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) is a commonly used technique. However, the large variety of source materials and process induced changes in the particles often make it difficult to discern if the particles are from a common source.Ordination is commonly used in ecology to understand community relationships. This technique usespair-wise measures of similarity. Separation of the data set is based on discrimination functions. Theend product is a spatial representation of the data with the distance between points equaling the degree of dissimilarity.

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