Assessment of the epidemiological data relating lung cancer to air pollution.

AbstractLung cancer is the most rapidly increasing malignancy worldwide with an estimated 2.1 million cancer cases in the latest, 2018 World Health Organization (WHO) report. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of air pollution and lung cancer, in Tehran, Iran. Residential area information of the latest registered lung cancer cases that were diagnosed between 2014 and 2016 (N = 1,850) were inquired from the population-based cancer registry of Tehran. Long-term average exposure to PM10, SO2, NO, NO2, NOX, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene (BTEX), and BTEX in 22 districts of Tehran were estimated using land use regression models. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to generate multi-pollutant exposure profiles. Negative binomial regression analysis was used to examine the association between air pollutants and lung cancer incidence. The districts with higher concentrations for all pollutants were mostly in downtown and around the railway station. Districts with a higher concentration for NOx (IRR = 1.05, for each 10 unit increase in air pollutant), benzene (IRR = 3.86), toluene (IRR = 1.50), ethylbenzene (IRR = 5.16), p-xylene (IRR = 9.41), o-xylene (IRR = 7.93), m-xylene (IRR = 2.63) and TBTEX (IRR = 1.21) were significantly associated with higher lung cancer incidence. Districts with a higher multiple air-pollution profile were also associated with more lung cancer incidence (IRR = 1.01). Our study shows a positive association between air pollution and lung cancer incidence. This association was stronger for, respectively, p-xylene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene, m-xylene and toluene.

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An investigation into the impact of variations of ambient air pollution and meteorological factors on lung cancer mortality in Yangtze River Delta

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 779 ◽

pp. 146427

Author(s):

Chee Yap Chung ◽

Jie Yang ◽

Jun He ◽

Xiaogang Yang ◽

Richard Hubbard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Yangtze River ◽

Meteorological Factors ◽

Lung Cancer Mortality ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Yangtze River Delta ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

The Impact

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A Narrative Review of the Risk Factors for Cancer and the Preventive Opportunities: Current Status, Future Perspectives, and Implications for India

Asian Journal of Oncology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1731092 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vinod K. Ramani ◽

Ganesha D. V. ◽

Radheshyam Naik

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Risk Of Cancer ◽

Google Search ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction Clinical cancer can arise from heterogenous pathways through various genetic mutations. Although we cannot predict the timeline by which an individual will develop cancer, certain risk assessment tools can be used among high-risk groups for focusing the preventive activities. As primary level of cancer prevention, healthy lifestyle approach is being promoted. The etiological factors for lung cancer include by-products of industrialization and air pollution. We need to factor the increase in household air pollution as well. Methods “PubMed” database and Google search engines were used for searching the relevant articles. Search terms with Boolean operators used include “Cancer prevention,” “Missed opportunities in cancer causation,” and “incidence of risk factors.” This review includes 20 studies and other relevant literature that address the opportunities for cancer prevention. Body The narrative describes the association between many of the risk factors and development of cancer. This includes tobacco, alcohol, infections, air pollution, physical inactivity, diet, obesity, screening and preventive strategies, chemoprevention, biomarkers of carcinogenesis, and factors that prolong the diagnosis of cancer. Discussion Reports from basic science research provide evidence on the potential of biologically active food components and pharmacological agents for mitigating the risk of cancer and its progression. However, some reports from observational studies and randomized trials have been inconsistent. We need to recognize the impact of sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, ethnicity, culture, and comorbid illness on preventive interventions. Spiral computed tomographic scan is a robust tool for early detection of lung cancer. Conclusion Infectious etiology for specific cancers provides opportunities for prevention and treatment. The complex interplay between man and microbial flora needs to be dissected, for understanding the pathogenesis of relevant malignancies. For reducing the morbidity of cancer, we need to focus on prevention as a priority strategy and intervene early during the carcinogenic process.

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Residential Air Pollution and Lung Cancer

Epidemiology ◽

10.1097/ede.0000000000000012 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 159-160

Author(s):

Perry Hystad ◽

Paul A. Demers ◽

Kenneth C. Johnson ◽

Richard M. Carpiano ◽

Michael Brauer

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Air Pollution

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The short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory diseases and lung cancer mortality in Hefei: A time-series analysis

Respiratory Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.rmed.2018.11.019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 146 ◽

pp. 57-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Furong Zhu ◽

Rui Ding ◽

Ruoqian Lei ◽

Han Cheng ◽

Jie Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Time Series ◽

Time Series Analysis ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Lung Cancer Mortality ◽

Short Term ◽

Series Analysis ◽

Short Term Effects

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LUNG CANCER AND AIR POLLUTION

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(78)92444-3 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 311 (8078) ◽

pp. 1366

Author(s):

O.Ll. Lloyd

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Air Pollution

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Domestic incense use and lung cancer in Asia: a review

Reviews on Environmental Health ◽

10.1515/reveh-2015-0060 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wei Jie Seow ◽

Qing Lan

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Lung Cancer Risk ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Case Control ◽

Negative Association ◽

Future Studies ◽

Manual Review

AbstractWhile there is strong evidence for the association between household air pollution and lung cancer among non-smoking women, the association between domestic incense use and lung cancer risk has been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review of PubMed articles authored between 1969 and August 25, 2015 before performing a manual review of each study, and found a total of seven published studies on this topic. Most of the studies are case-control in design and did not further stratify by sex and smoking status. Of the seven studies, three reported positive associations, three reported null associations and one study found a negative association between incense use and lung cancer. Only one study reported estimates for non-smoking women. Future studies should be larger in sample size, stratify by both sex and smoking status in their analyses, and collect more detailed information on incense use in order to facilitate the understanding of the association between domestic incense use and lung cancer risk among non-smoking women in Asia.

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