scholarly journals The Safe Urban Harvests Study: A Community-Driven Cross-Sectional Assessment of Metals in Soil, Irrigation Water, and Produce from Urban Farms and Gardens in Baltimore, Maryland

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara N. Lupolt ◽  
Raychel E. Santo ◽  
Brent F. Kim ◽  
Carrie Green ◽  
Eton Codling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soil Irrigation

Absence of Direct Association between Coliforms and Escherichia coli in Irrigation Water and on Produce

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAYEON WON ◽  
PAMELA J. SCHLEGEL ◽  
JENNIFER M. SCHROCK ◽  
JEFFREY T. LeJEUNE
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Cross

Irrigation water is considered a potential source of preharvest pathogen contamination of vegetables. Hence, several organizations have recommended microbiological standards for water used to irrigate edible plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the strength of association between microbial quality indicators (coliforms and Escherichia coli) in irrigation water and on irrigated vegetables. Data analyzed included original results from a cross-sectional study conducted in the Midwestern United States during summer 2009 and information presented in two previously published studies performed in France and Portugal to investigate microbial quality of irrigation water and watered produce. In the cross-sectional study, repetitive PCR (rep-PCR) was used to characterize genetic relatedness of E. coli isolates from water and vegetables. No significant correlations were found between fecal indicators on leafy greens (lettuce and parsley, n = 91) or fruit (tomatoes and green peppers, n = 22) and those found in irrigation water used in the cross-sectional study (P > 0.40) or in the previously published data sets (data set 1: lettuce and waste irrigation water, n = 15, P > 0.40; data set 2: lettuce and irrigation water, n = 32, P = 0.06). Rep-PCR banding patterns of E. coli strains were all distinguishable among the pairs of E. coli isolates recovered from produce and irrigation water on the same farm. From the available data, the concentration of indicator organisms based on a single measure of irrigation water quality was not associated with the presence of these indicators on produce. In the absence of additional information, the use of a single microbial water quality parameter as an indicator of produce safety is of limited value for predicting the safety of the produce.

scholarly journals Impact of attending training course variable on technical efficiency of oyster mushroom production in Quang Tri province

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (5B) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Tôn Nữ Hải Âu
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mushroom Production ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Impact

This study based on cross sectional data of 94 oyster mushroom farms in Quang Tri province to measure their technical efficiencies at farm level and identify the impact of attending training course variable on it by using two stage Bootstrapped Data Envelopment Analysis. The empirical results confirm that attending training course is an important factor impact on technical efficiency of oyster mushroom farm in study area. The farms used to attend a relevant training course were more efficient than farms did not. Moreover, it also shows that gender of the farmer, gender of the farmer, source of irrigation water, duration of oyster mushroom production and number of oyster mushroom crops cultivated on this current farm also had significantly relationship with technical efficiency. Comparing to the best practice farms in this sample, the oyster mushroom farms in study area should use fewer inputs to produce the current level of output to be efficient. Especially, farmers should attend the relevant training course and local authority should organize more training course to improve current level of efficiency of those farms. Moreover, the impacts of gender of the farmer, source of irrigation water, duration of production and number of crops should also be included in the content of those up-coming training courses.

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil, Irrigation Water and Vegetables Grown around Kubanni River, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasir Sallau Lawal ◽  
◽  
Owolona Agbo ◽  
Amina Usman ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Irrigation

Effects of Irrigation Management Practices on Water Allocation Among Farmers in Kiladeda Sub-Catchment, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
Mwadini Khatib ◽  
Joy Obando ◽  
Shadrack Murimi
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Weap Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water Abstraction ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand

Kiladeda River in Pangani Basin, Tanzania plays a vital role of providing water for agricultural activities of the sub-catchment. However, it is experiencing a problem of inequitable distribution of irrigation water among farmers. Cross-sectional data was collected from farmers both in upstream and downstream using questionnaires, while river discharge measurements were conducted in referenced spot gauging stations. WEAP model was used to analyze water demand and allocation among farmers. Furrow irrigation (94%) and plastic buckets (6%) were the main irrigation water management practices. The model results revealed a water shortage of 46.4% of the total irrigation water required. The annual irrigation water demand and unmet demand were 13.93mm3 and 7.47mm3, respectively, and are both expected to increase twice in 2020. This high water demand for irrigation could be the main cause of excessive water abstraction. A partnering approach is recommended to improve irrigation water management, reviewing of laws, regulations, and water rights.

scholarly journals Moderate Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Lettuce, Irrigation Water, and Soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (21) ◽  
pp. 6677-6683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Holvoet ◽  
Imca Sampers ◽  
Benedicte Callens ◽  
Jeroen Dewulf ◽  
Mieke Uyttendaele
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Soil Irrigation ◽  
Resistance Rates

ABSTRACTFresh produce is known to carry nonpathogenic epiphytic microorganisms. During agricultural production and harvesting, leafy greens can become contaminated with antibiotic-resistant pathogens or commensals from animal and human sources. As lettuce does not undergo any inactivation or preservation treatment during processing, consumers may be exposed directly to all of the (resistant) bacteria present. In this study, we investigated whether lettuce or its production environment (irrigation water, soil) is able to act as a vector or reservoir of antimicrobial-resistantEscherichia coli. Over a 1-year period, eight lettuce farms were visited multiple times and 738 samples, including lettuce seedlings (leaves and soil), soil, irrigation water, and lettuce leaves were collected. From these samples, 473 isolates ofEscherichia coliwere obtained and tested for resistance to 14 antimicrobials. Fifty-four isolates (11.4%) were resistant to one or more antimicrobials. The highest resistance rate was observed for ampicillin (7%), followed by cephalothin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and streptomycin, with resistance rates between 4.4 and 3.6%. No resistance to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, or kanamycin was observed. One isolate was resistant to cefotaxime. Among the multiresistant isolates (n= 37), ampicillin and cephalothin showed the highest resistance rates, at 76 and 52%, respectively.E. coliisolates from lettuce showed higher resistance rates thanE. coliisolates obtained from soil or irrigation water samples. When the presence of resistance inE. coliisolates from lettuce production sites and their resistance patterns were compared with the profiles of animal-derivedE. colistrains, they were found to be the most comparable with what is found in the cattle reservoir. This may suggest that cattle are a potential reservoir of antimicrobial-resistantE. colistrains in plant primary production.

Irrigation water demand and implications for groundwater pricing in Pakistan

Water Policy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif Watto ◽  
Amin William Mugera
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Positive Mathematical Programming

This study employs the positive mathematical programming (PMP) approach to estimate groundwater derived demand for irrigation using a cross-sectional dataset of 200 predominantly groundwater irrigated farms from the Punjab province of Pakistan. First, we find that the PMP optimal solution uses less water than what is available (being extracted) in order to make farmers allocate all the available land to different crops. Second, when water supplies are constrained farmers allocate land to different crops based on their total returns, not on the irrigation water requirements. The study results suggest that the limiting/constraining groundwater extractions would induce farmers to reconsider their irrigation water demand. The study findings suggest an introduction of Rs. 0.04/m3 of groundwater would not decrease farm income rather it would make farmers aware of the economic value of water. We suggest that although water pricing can induce an efficient use of groundwater extractions, additional policies are also required that improve irrigation water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Growth and production of colored fiber cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) subjected to salt stress and potassium fertilization

2020 ◽  
pp. 1595-1600
Author(s):  
Jéssica Dayane Capitulino ◽  
Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo ◽  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
André Alisson Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Luana Lucas de Sá Almeida Veloso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Soil Irrigation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Sensitive Variable

Temporal and spatial variation of rainfall in semiarid regions may lead to an increase in the concentrations of salts present in irrigation water, and it is necessary to adopt techniques to reduce the negative effects of salts on plants. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the growth and production of colored cotton cv. BRS Topázio as a function of irrigation using water with different levels of salinity and potassium doses. The experiment was carried out in pots adapted as lysimeters under greenhouse conditions, using a non-saline Neossolo Regolítico (Entisol) of sandy texture. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with 4 replicates, with treatments distributed in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to four levels of saline irrigation water electrical conductivity (1.5; 3.0; 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1) and four potassium doses (50; 75; 100 and 125% of the recommendation), with a dose of 100% corresponding to 150 mg K2O per kg-1 of soil. Irrigation using water of electrical conductivity (saline) above 1.5 dS m-1 negatively affected the growth and production of cotton cv. BRS Topázio, and cotton seed weight was the most sensitive variable. Potassium doses above 50% of the recommendation in interaction with salinity reduced the height and leaf area of cotton cv. BRS Topázio.

Effects of Irrigation Management Practices on Water Allocation Among Farmers in Kiladeda Sub-Catchment, Tanzania

2017 ◽  
pp. 70-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwadini Khatib ◽  
Joy Obando ◽  
Shadrack Murimi
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Weap Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water Abstraction ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand

Kiladeda River in Pangani Basin, Tanzania, plays a vital role of providing water for agricultural activities of the sub catchment. However, it is experiencing a problem of inequitable distribution of irrigation water among farmers. Cross-sectional data was collected from farmers both in upstream and downstream using questionnaires, while river discharge measurements were conducted in referenced spot gauging stations. WEAP model was used to analyze water demand and allocation among farmers. Furrow irrigation (94%) and plastic buckets (6%) were the main irrigation water management practices. The results of WEAP model revealed a water shortage of about 53.6% of the total irrigation water required. The annual irrigation water demand and unmet demand were 13.93Mm3 and 7.47Mm3 respectively, and are both expected to increase twice in 2020. This high water demand for irrigation could be the main cause of excessive water abstraction. A partnering approach is recommended to improve irrigation water management; reviewing of laws, regulations and water rights.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation and translocation of trace elements in soil-irrigation water-wheat in arid agricultural areas of Xin Jiang, China

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muyesaier Tudi ◽  
Huada Daniel Ruan ◽  
Yunjiang Yu ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Binggan Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Areas
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