Absence of Direct Association between Coliforms and Escherichia coli in Irrigation Water and on Produce

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAYEON WON ◽  
PAMELA J. SCHLEGEL ◽  
JENNIFER M. SCHROCK ◽  
JEFFREY T. LeJEUNE
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Cross

Irrigation water is considered a potential source of preharvest pathogen contamination of vegetables. Hence, several organizations have recommended microbiological standards for water used to irrigate edible plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the strength of association between microbial quality indicators (coliforms and Escherichia coli) in irrigation water and on irrigated vegetables. Data analyzed included original results from a cross-sectional study conducted in the Midwestern United States during summer 2009 and information presented in two previously published studies performed in France and Portugal to investigate microbial quality of irrigation water and watered produce. In the cross-sectional study, repetitive PCR (rep-PCR) was used to characterize genetic relatedness of E. coli isolates from water and vegetables. No significant correlations were found between fecal indicators on leafy greens (lettuce and parsley, n = 91) or fruit (tomatoes and green peppers, n = 22) and those found in irrigation water used in the cross-sectional study (P > 0.40) or in the previously published data sets (data set 1: lettuce and waste irrigation water, n = 15, P > 0.40; data set 2: lettuce and irrigation water, n = 32, P = 0.06). Rep-PCR banding patterns of E. coli strains were all distinguishable among the pairs of E. coli isolates recovered from produce and irrigation water on the same farm. From the available data, the concentration of indicator organisms based on a single measure of irrigation water quality was not associated with the presence of these indicators on produce. In the absence of additional information, the use of a single microbial water quality parameter as an indicator of produce safety is of limited value for predicting the safety of the produce.

Local characteristics associated with higher prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in community-acquired urinary tract infections: an observational, cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Larramendy ◽  
Aurélie Gaultier ◽  
Jean-Pascal Fournier ◽  
Jocelyne Caillon ◽  
Leïla Moret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Animal Farming ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Objectives The prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) in community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) has been increasing worldwide since 2000, but with large geographical variations. The aim of this study was to determine whether the ESBL-E. coli rate in urine samples from individuals with community-acquired UTI was associated with the local socio-economic, environmental, agricultural and healthcare characteristics. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in western France using data on antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli isolated from urine samples of individuals with community-acquired UTI analysed in non-hospital laboratories from 2015 to 2017. The ESBL-E. coli rate was calculated for each laboratory. Data on socio-economic characteristics, human antibiotic consumption, hospital bed density, animal farming density and percentage of agricultural land and surface water were retrieved at the municipality level and aggregated by study area. Their association with ESBL-E. coli prevalence was quantified using multivariate linear regression models with a backward selection. Results From 358 291 E. coli isolates from urine samples tested in 92 laboratories, the mean ESBL-E. coli prevalence for the study period was 3.30%. In an adjusted model, the ESBL-E. coli rate was significantly (P < 0.05) and positively associated with the local percentage of people >65 years old, third-generation cephalosporin use (DDD/1000 inhabitants), number of hospital beds/km2, poultry density, pig density and percentage of agricultural land. Lower deprivation was associated with a higher ESBL-E. coli rate. Conclusions Several anthropogenic factors (primary care, hospitals and animal farming) are associated with the local ESBL-E. coli rate in community-acquired UTI. These results could contribute to improve risk management, including identification of at-risk patient groups.

scholarly journals Water quality analysis for domestic use public water supply in the case of Asella town at the source of Ashebeka River, laboratory based cross-sectional study design

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amde Eshete Eshete
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Rest Sites ◽  
Test Result

Abstract 1.Abstract Background Water is essential for life. The objective of this research was designed to assess the physicochemical & bacteriological quality of drinking water come from Ashebeka river as a supply of Asella town. Methods A cross-sectional study design was implemented on the study sites. Water samples had been taken for laboratory analysis. Statistical analysis were carried out with Epi info 7 for data entry & STATA 15 for data analysis. Results The first round laboratory test results for:-BOD test result 4mg/L at site one, 2 mg/L at fourth site, & 6 mg/L at site eight. COD test result 40mg/L at site one, 20 at fourth sites, & 60 at site eight. The result of total & fecal coliform count greater than 180CFU/100ml & Escherichia Coli 40 CFU/100ml of sample for the first sites. The laboratory investigation during the second round test results for:- turbidity measure 162.06 NTU at site one, 5.84NTU at site two, 6.94NTU at site three, 5.48NTU at site four, 6.57NTU at site five & 8.76NTU at site six. The chemical analysis result had found that fluoride concentration 0.5mg/L at site one, 0.48mg/L at site two, 0.44 mg/L at site three & at site four, 0.43mg/L at site five, & 0.01mg/L at site six. Aluminum taste result nill at first site, 0.54mg/L at second site, 0.24 at third site, 0.48mg/L at fourth site, 0.39mg/L at fifth site & 0.110mg/L at sixth sites. the calcium concentration had found that 8 mg/L at first sites & third sites, 6.4 mg/L at the rest sites. The magnesium test results had found that 0.96mg/L at first & fifth sites, 1.92mg/L for the rest sites. The dissolved oxygen concentration at first site was 3.667mgL, at second sites 5.333mg/L, at third sites 6.0mg/L, 4.667mg/L at fourth sites, 5mg/L at fifth sites & 2.667 mg/L at sixth sites. Conclusions Water quality was acceptable even though improvement will be required on chemical parameters. Keywords : Water pollution, Physico-chemical and bacteriological water quality, Escherichia Coli & coliform counts.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolates From Fecal and Manure Pit Samples on Dairy Farms in the Province of Québec, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Massé ◽  
Hélène Lardé ◽  
John M. Fairbrother ◽  
Jean-Philippe Roy ◽  
David Francoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
High Prevalence

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important burden for public health and veterinary medicine. For Québec (Canada) dairy farms, the prevalence of AMR is mostly described using passive surveillance, which may be misleading. In addition, the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC producing Escherichia coli is unknown. This observational cross-sectional study used random dairy farms (n = 101) to investigate AMR and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC producing Escherichia coli. Twenty antimicrobials were tested on E. coli isolates (n = 593) recovered from fecal samples (n = 599) from calves, cows, and the manure pit. Isolates were mostly susceptible (3% AMR or less) to the highest priority critically important antimicrobials in humans. The highest levels of AMR were to tetracycline (26%), sulfisozaxole (23%) and streptomycin (19%). The resistance genes responsible for these resistances were, respectively: tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, sul3, aph(3”)-Ib (strA), aph(6)-Id (strB), aadA1, aadA2, and aadA5. ESBL analysis revealed two predominant phenotypes: AmpC (51%) and ESBL (46%) where blaCMY−2 and blaCTX−M(blaCTX−M−1, blaCTX−M−15, and blaCTX−M−55) were the genes responsible for these phenotypes, respectively. During this study, 85% of farms had at least one ESBL/AmpC producing E. coli. Isolates from calves were more frequently resistant than those from cows or manure pits. Although prevalence of AMR was low for critically important antimicrobials, there was a high prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli on Quebec dairy farms, particularly in calves. Those data will help determine a baseline for AMR to evaluate impact of initiatives aimed at reducing AMR.

Animal- and Truckload-Level Associations between Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Feces and on Hides at Harvest and Contamination of Preevisceration Beef Carcasses†

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. JACOB ◽  
D. G. RENTER ◽  
T. G. NAGARAJA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Carcass Contamination

Cattle feces and hides contribute to carcass contamination with Escherichia coli O157:H7, ultimately impacting beef safety. Primary objectives of our cross-sectional study were to evaluate associations among fecal, hide, and preevisceration carcass prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 and to assess factors affecting carcass contamination. Fecal, hide, and preevisceration carcass samples were collected from up to 32 cattle on each of 45 truckloads presented to a midwestern U.S. abattoir. Enrichment and selective culture were used to assess fecal, hide, and carcass prevalence, and direct plating was used to identify cattle shedding high levels of E. coli O157:H7 in feces. Fecal, hide, and carcass prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 within truckload were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with each other. Enriched fecal sample prevalence was 13.8%, and high shedder prevalence was 3.3%; 38.5% of hides and 10.5% of carcasses were positive for E. coli O157:H7. We used logistic regression to assess animal- and truckload-level variables affecting the probability of carcasses testing positive for E. coli O157:H7. All truckload-level predictors significantly affected the probability of an E. coli O157:H7–positive carcass, including presence of a high shedder within the truckload (odds ratio [OR] = 4.0; confidence interval [CI], 1.6 to 10.1), high (>25%) within-truckload fecal prevalence (OR = 19.3; CI, 4.7 to 79.0), and high (>50%) within-truckload hide prevalence (OR = 7.7; CI, 3.1 to 19.6). The only significant animal-level predictor was having a positive hide (OR = 1.6; CI, 1.0 to 2.6). Our results suggest that preharvest interventions for reducing E. coli O157:H7 contamination of carcasses should focus on truckload (cohort)–level and hide mitigation strategies.

The effect of type of water supply on water quality in a developing community in South Africa

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Genthe ◽  
N. Strauss ◽  
J. Seager ◽  
C. Vundule ◽  
F. Maforah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Developing Communities ◽  
Quality Guideline ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Efforts to provide water to developing communities in South Africa have resulted in various types of water supplies being used. This study examined the relationship between the type of water supply and the quality of water used. Source (communal taps, private outdoor and indoor taps) and point-of-use water samples were examined for heterotrophic plate counts (HPC), total and faecal coliforms, E. coli, and coliphages. Ten percent of samples were also analysed for enteric viruses, Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Approximately 320 households were included in a case-control study. In addition, a cross-sectional study was conducted. Both studies examined the relationship between different types of water facilities and diarrhoea among pre-school children. The source water was of good microbial quality, but water quality was found to have deteriorated significantly after handling and storage in both case and control households, exceeding drinking water quality guideline values by 1-6 orders of magnitude. Coliphage counts were low for all water samples tested. Enteric viruses and Cryptosporidium oocysts were not detected. Giardia cysts were detected on one occasion in case and control in-house samples. Comparisons of whether in-house water, after handling and storage, complied with water quality guideline values demonstrated households using communal taps to have significantly poorer quality than households using private outdoor or indoor taps for HPC and E. coli (χ2 = 14.9, P = 0.001; χ2 = 6.6, P = 0.04 respectively). A similar trend (although not statistically significant) was observed for the other microbial indicators. The cross-sectional study demonstrated an apparent decrease in health risk associated with private outdoor taps in comparison to communal taps. This study suggests that a private outdoor tap is the minimum level of water supply in order to ensure the supply of safe water to developing communities.

scholarly journals PROMIS Scales for Assessment of Persistent Post-COVID Symptoms: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110304
Author(s):  
Ravindra Ganesh ◽  
Aditya K. Ghosh ◽  
Mark A. Nyman ◽  
Ivana T. Croghan ◽  
Stephanie L. Grach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Impact

Objective Persistent post-COVID symptoms are estimated to occur in up to 10% of patients who have had COVID-19. These lingering symptoms may persist for weeks to months after resolution of the acute illness. This study aimed to add insight into our understanding of certain post-acute conditions and clinical findings. The primary purpose was to determine the persistent post COVID impairments prevalence and characteristics by collecting post COVID illness data utilizing Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®). The resulting measures were used to assess surveyed patients physical, mental, and social health status. Methods A cross-sectional study and 6-months Mayo Clinic COVID recovered registry data were used to evaluate continuing symptoms severity among the 817 positive tested patients surveyed between March and September 2020. The resulting PROMIS® data set was used to analyze patients post 30 days health status. The e-mailed questionnaires focused on fatigue, sleep, ability to participate in social roles, physical function, and pain. Results The large sample size (n = 817) represented post hospitalized and other managed outpatients. Persistent post COVID impairments prevalence and characteristics were determined to be demographically young (44 years), white (87%), and female (61%). Dysfunction as measured by the PROMIS® scales in patients recovered from acute COVID-19 was reported as significant in the following domains: ability to participate in social roles (43.2%), pain (17.8%), and fatigue (16.2%). Conclusion Patient response on the PROMIS® scales was similar to that seen in multiple other studies which used patient reported symptoms. As a result of this experience, we recommend utilizing standardized scales such as the PROMIS® to obtain comparable data across the patients’ clinical course and define the disease trajectory. This would further allow for effective comparison of data across studies to better define the disease process, risk factors, and assess the impact of future treatments.

scholarly journals Louisiana Medicaid access for treatment and care for hepatitis C virus (LA-MATCH) project: A cross-sectional study protocol

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0257437
Author(s):  
Hasheemah Afaneh ◽  
Susanne Straif-Bourgeois ◽  
Evrim Oral ◽  
Ashley Wennerstrom ◽  
Olivia Sugarman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hcv Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
Louisiana State University

Introduction This article presents the Louisiana Hepatitis C Elimination Program’s evaluation protocol underway at the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–New Orleans. With the availability of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents, the elimination of Hepatitis C (HCV) has become a possibility. The HCV Elimination Program was initiated by the Louisiana Department of Health (LDH) Office of Public Health (OPH), LDH Bureau of Health Services Financing (Medicaid), and the Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections (DPSC) to provide HCV treatment through an innovative pricing arrangement with Asegua Therapeutics, whereby a fixed cost is set for a supply of treatment over five years. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study design will be used. Data will be gathered from two sources: 1) an online survey administered via REDCap to a sample of Medicaid members who are receiving HCV treatment, and 2) a de-identified data set that includes both Medicaid claims data and OPH surveillance data procured via a Data Use Agreement between LSUHSC-NO and Louisiana Medicaid. Discussion The evaluation will contribute to an understanding of the scope and reach of this innovative treatment model, and as a result, an understanding of areas for improvement. Further, this evaluation may provide insight for other states considering similar contracting mechanisms and programs.

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