Mortality burden attributable to long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5: a systematic subnational analysis in 296 Chinese cities

Trauma is a major public health problem worldwide, responsible for a substantial morbidity and mortality burden. All surgeons need to be familiar with the key steps in managing traumatized patients not only for injuries that are relevant to their specialty, but also in the wider management of trauma as part of the multidisciplinary team. These include recent advances in care such as the use of tranexamic acid, major transfusion protocols, and changes to the organization and management of trauma care after the implementation of regional trauma networks for major trauma in England. Appropriate and timely care during the initial stages after significant trauma improves long-term survival, but if patients are to return to a socially and economically productive life then tailored input from rehabilitation and re-enablement services is required. In many respects, after surviving their traumatic insult, this is the most important phase of their treatment.

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Long-term ambient air pollution levels in four Chinese cities: inter-city and intra-city concentration gradients for epidemiological studies

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology ◽

10.1038/sj.jea.7500170 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 341-351 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

ZHENGMIN QIAN ◽

JUNFENG ZHANG ◽

FUSHENG WEI ◽

WILLIAM E WILSON ◽

ROBERT S CHAPMAN

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Concentration Gradients ◽

Chinese Cities ◽

Pollution Levels

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Hypochlorous Acid-Generating Electrochemical Catheter Prototype for Prevention of Intraluminal Infection

Microbiology Spectrum ◽

10.1128/spectrum.00557-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Edison J. Cano ◽

Laure Flurin ◽

Abdelrhman Mohamed ◽

Kerryl E. Greenwood-Quaintance ◽

Yash S. Raval ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Hypochlorous Acid ◽

Prolonged Treatment ◽

Risk Of Infection ◽

Mortality Burden

Catheter-related infections constitute an economic and mortality burden in health care. Several options are available to reduce the risk of infection, but only a few focus on preventing intraluminal infection, which occurs in long-term catheters, most often used for dialysis, prolonged treatment, or chemotherapy.

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The 17-y spatiotemporal trend of PM2.5and its mortality burden in China

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1919641117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (41) ◽

pp. 25601-25608

Author(s):

Fengchao Liang ◽

Qingyang Xiao ◽

Keyong Huang ◽

Xueli Yang ◽

Fangchao Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Health Effects ◽

Adult Population ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Atmospheric Correction ◽

Adult Mortality ◽

Learning Approaches ◽

Spatiotemporal Trends ◽

Mortality Burden

Investigations on the chronic health effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure in China are limited due to the lack of long-term exposure data. Using satellite-driven models to generate spatiotemporally resolved PM2.5levels, we aimed to estimate high-resolution, long-term PM2.5and associated mortality burden in China. The multiangle implementation of atmospheric correction (MAIAC) aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 1-km resolution was employed as a primary predictor to estimate PM2.5concentrations. Imputation techniques were adopted to fill in the missing AOD retrievals and provide accurate long-term AOD aggregations. Monthly PM2.5concentrations in China from 2000 to 2016 were estimated using machine-learning approaches and used to analyze spatiotemporal trends of adult mortality attributable to PM2.5exposure. Mean coverage of AOD increased from 56 to 100% over the 17-y period, with the accuracy of long-term averages enhanced after gap filling. Machine-learning models performed well with a random cross-validationR2of 0.93 at the monthly level. For the time period outside the model training window, predictionR2values were estimated to be 0.67 and 0.80 at the monthly and annual levels. Across the adult population in China, long-term PM2.5exposures accounted for a total number of 30.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 28.6, 33.2) million premature deaths over the 17-y period, with an annual burden ranging from 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3, 1.6) to 2.2 (95% CI: 2.1, 2.4) million. Our satellite-based techniques provide reliable long-term PM2.5estimates at a high spatial resolution, enhancing the assessment of adverse health effects and disease burden in China.

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Mortality burden attributable to long-term ambient PM2.5 exposure in China: using novel exposure-response functions with multiple exposure windows

Atmospheric Environment ◽

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118098 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 118098

Author(s):

Wenjing Wu ◽

Minghong Yao ◽

Xiaocui Yang ◽

Philip K. Hopke ◽

Hyunok Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Functions ◽

Multiple Exposure ◽

Exposure Response ◽

Mortality Burden ◽

Pm2.5 Exposure ◽

Exposure Windows

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A Study on the Strategies for Prevention and Control of Hazy Weather in Shijiazhuang

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2430 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 955-959 ◽

pp. 2430-2433

Author(s):

Li Jun Cao ◽

Dong Yang Geng ◽

Xiang Mei Yu

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Formation Mechanism ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Chinese Cities ◽

Important Concern ◽

Treatment Measures ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact ◽

Different Levels

At present, many Chinese cities are suffering from hazy weather. Blue sky and white cloud have become a luxury. The frequent occurrence of haze has imposed different levels of impacts on people’s livelihood and work, and people are paying continual attention to air quality. How to resolve haze problem has become an important concern of many scholars nowadays. This paper makes an analysis on the formation mechanism of haze as well as the impact and hazard of haze on people’s livelihood, and than proposes a long-term mechanism for the treatment measures to haze.

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Years of life lost estimates cannot always be taken at face value: Response to “COVID-19 – exploring the implications of long-term condition type and extent of multimorbidity on years of life lost: a modelling study”

Wellcome Open Research ◽

10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16015.2 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Marius Rubo ◽

Peter Czuppon

Keyword(s):

Standard Approach ◽

Recent Analysis ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Term Condition ◽

Mortality Burden ◽

Accurate Picture ◽

Modelling Study

In their recent analysis, Hanlon et al. estimated the years of life lost (YLL) in people who have died with COVID-19 by following and expanding on the WHO standard approach. We welcome this research as an attempt to draw a more accurate picture of the mortality burden of this disease which has been involved in the deaths of more than 300,000 people worldwide as of May 2020. However, we argue that obtained YLL estimates (13 years for men and 11 years for women) are interpreted in a misleading way. Even with the presented efforts to control for the role of multimorbidity in COVID-19 deaths, these estimates cannot be interpreted to imply “how long someone who died from COVID-19 might otherwise have been expected to live”. By example we analyze the underlying problem which renders such an interpretation of YLL estimates impossible, and outline potential approaches to control for the problem.

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Association of basic vaccination with cognitive and learning ability among children: insights from the India Human Development Survey, 2004–05 and 2011–12

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932020000760 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

William Joe ◽

Ajay Kumar Verma

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Reading Skills ◽

Learning Ability ◽

Childhood Vaccination ◽

Mortality Burden ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Child Vaccination

Abstract Basic vaccination is important to protect children from infectious diseases and illnesses. Adequate levels of vaccination coverage reduce the morbidity and mortality burden among children and promote their physical and mental development. This study aimed to assess the association between basic childhood vaccination and the cognitive and learning ability of school children in India. Nationally representative follow-up data on 6183 children from the Indian Human Development Surveys conducted in 2004–05 and 2011–12 (IHDS I & II) were analysed. Children aged 8–10 years who had received all basic vaccines by the age 12 months performed better in a maths test than partially vaccinated or unvaccinated children (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.48, 2.35). Similarly, fully vaccinated children performed better in writing tasks than partially vaccinated or unvaccinated children (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.44, 2.18). Likewise, fully vaccinated children had better reading skills than fully unvaccinated children (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.09). The results suggest that enhancing child vaccination coverage can have significant benefits beyond health and can potentially improve the long-term educational outcomes of children.

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