Factors Associated with Low Level of Urinary Inorganic Arsenic Concentration

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Andrea Rubilar ◽  
Maria Pia Munoz ◽  
Macarena Valdes ◽  
Marta Saavedra ◽  
Veronica Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Low Level

Effects of low-level arsenic exposure on urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1885-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-Y Eom ◽  
Y-C Lee ◽  
D-H Yim ◽  
C-H Lee ◽  
Y-D Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Tubular Damage ◽  
Seafood Consumption ◽  
Arsenic Level ◽  
Urine Sampling ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Urinary Arsenic ◽  
Renal Tubular

This study was aimed to evaluate whether renal tubular function is impaired by exposure to relatively low concentrations of arsenic. Mean urinary arsenic concentrations and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities were compared among 365 and 502 Korean men and women, respectively, in relation to gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, and recent seafood consumption. The study subjects were divided into 4 groups according to urinary NAG activity and seafood consumption prior to urine sampling, and the correlation between arsenic concentration and urinary NAG activity was tested for each group. The mean urinary arsenic level was higher in women, non-smokers, and non-drinkers in comparison to men, smokers, and drinkers, respectively. Individuals who consumed seafood within 3 days prior to urine sampling showed a higher mean urinary arsenic level than those who did not. The correlation between urinary arsenic concentration and NAG activity in urine was significant only in subjects who did not consume seafood within 3 days prior to urine sampling and whose urinary NAG activity was 7.44 U/g creatinine (75th percentile) or higher. The urinary arsenic concentration was a significant determinant of urinary NAG activity in subjects with NAG activity higher than 7.44 U/g creatinine and especially in those who had not consumed seafood recently. These facts suggest that a relatively low-level exposure to inorganic arsenic produces renal tubular damage in humans.

scholarly journals Using tickets in employment standards inspections: Deterrence as effective enforcement in Ontario, Canada?

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Casey ◽  
Eric Tucker ◽  
Leah F Vosko ◽  
Andrea M Noack
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Data ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Employment Standards ◽  
Historical Trajectory

It is widely agreed that there is a crisis in labour/employment standards enforcement. A key issue is the role of deterrence measures that penalise violations. Employment standards enforcement in Ontario, like in most jurisdictions, is based mainly on a compliance framework promoting voluntary resolution of complaints and, if that fails, ordering restitution. Deterrence measures that penalise violations are rarely invoked. However, the Ontario government has recently increased the role of proactive inspections and tickets, a low-level deterrence measure which imposes fines of CAD295 plus victim surcharges. In examining the effectiveness of the use of tickets in inspections, we begin by looking at this development in the broader context of employment standards enforcement and its historical trajectory. Then, using administrative data from the Ministry of Labour, we examine when and why tickets are issued in the course of workplace inspections. After demonstrating that even when ticketable violations are detected, tickets are issued only rarely, we explore factors associated with an increased likelihood of an inspector issuing a ticket. Finally, we consider how the overall deterrent effect of workplace inspections is influenced by the use or non-use of deterrence tools. JEL Codes: J88

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in Anonkoi 3, a peri-urban area in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie K. Sackou ◽  
Marie L. Tiadé ◽  
Annita A. Hounsa ◽  
Simone K. Malik ◽  
Madikiny Coulibaly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Hypertension affects more than a quarter of the world adult population, with ruralurban disparities. In Côte d’Ivoire, the prevalence was 21.7% in 2005. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with hypertension in a peri-urban community in Abidjan. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Anonkoi 3 a peri-urban area in Abidjan. The sample was of 360 subjects aged 18 and older. Behavioral, anthropometric and blood pressure characteristics were determined using WHO STEPS questionnaire and multivariate logistic regression was performed. Prevalence of hypertension was 18.61%. Subjects were low fruit and vegetable consumption (3.3%), low level of physical activity (64.2%) and abdominal obesity at 40%. The risk of hypertension was significant from age 45, in subjects living with a partner and in those with low level of physical activity. Health education programs are essential to prevent cardiovascular risks.

Taurine improves low-level inorganic arsenic-induced insulin resistance by activating PPARγ-mTORC2 signalling and inhibiting hepatic autophagy

2018 ◽  
Vol 234 (4) ◽  
pp. 5143-5152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Gao ◽  
Xiaofeng Yao ◽  
Liping Jiang ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Tianming Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Low Level

scholarly journals Psychological hardiness and its relationship to health awareness Among Kurdish people in Kurdistan Region during the pandemic of Covid-19.

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Trifa Murad Mohammed ◽  
Hanaw Hasan Mohammedhkan ◽  
Delan Jamal Qader ◽  
Fatah Hama Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Health Awareness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Psychological Hardiness ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Significant Factors

Objective: Like Iraq and neighboring countries, the Kurdistan region was affected by the epidemic which gradually led to a lockdown in March and April and a wide-spread disruption of people’s life and activates. In this study, the researcher investigated the psychological hardiness and its relation to health awareness among citizens of the Kurdistan region during the Corona epidemic. Methods: This study followed a cross-sectional design quantitative survey that was conducted online from 1 to 18 April 2020. After two months of lockdown due to coronavirus pandemic in the Kurdistan Region. A questionnaire of 25 questioners to measure psychological hardiness, later the researchers got the psychometric qualities. Results: The researcher observed high psychological hardiness levels in the study, because of the Covid-19 pandemic. It has shown the non-significant association between psychological hardiness and health awareness and identified several significant factors associated with this psychological hardiness and health awareness. Conclusion: Using contractive tools, the study showed that the psychological hardiness of the citizens of the Kurdistan region is at a low level during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results could serve as a framework for future research to examine the influence of the pandemic on the population's association of psychological hardiness with health awareness.          

scholarly journals Factors associated with high-risk low-level viremia leading to virologic failure: 16-year retrospective study of a Chinese antiretroviral therapy cohort

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Zhang ◽  
Haibo Ding ◽  
Minghui An ◽  
Xiaonan Wang ◽  
Wen Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
Baseline Viral Load ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background: Low level viremia (LLV) often occurs during antiretroviral therapy (ART) against HIV-1. However, its impact on virologic failure (VF) is controversial because of non-uniform definitions of LLV and VF. Methods: A long-term first line regimen ART cohort from 2002–2018 from Shenyang, northeast China, was retrospectively studied. All participants were followed up every 3 to 6 months to evaluate the treatment effect. The high-risk LLV subgroups leading to VF (with strict standards) were explored with Cox proportional hazards model and linear mixed-effect model. The association factors of high-risk LLV were further explored using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 2155 HIV-1 infected participants were included; of these, 38.8% showed LLV. Both high level LLV (HLLV) and any other level LLV coupled with high level blip (HBL) showed higher risk of VF (hazards ratios, HRHLLV=5.93, and HRHBL=2.84, p<0.01 respectively). Moreover, HR increased with prolonged duration of LLV. Independent factors associated with high-risk LLV included the zenith baseline viral load (VL) above 6 log copies/ml (aOR=3.49, p=0.002), nadir baseline CD4+T cell counts below 200 cells/ml (aOR=1.78, p=0.011), Manchu (aOR=2.03, p=0.003), ART over 60 months (aOR=1.81, p=0.004), AZT+3TC+NVP (aOR=2.26, p<0.001) or DDI-based regimen (aOR=9.96, p<0.001), and subtype B’ infection (aOR=8.22, p=0.001). Conclusions: In case of VF with strict standards, high-risk LLV leading to VF includes VL above 400 copies/ml, occurring at least once. Serious laboratory indicators or advanced stage of infection, long term ART and subtype B’ infection might also predict the occurrence of high-risk LLV.

scholarly journals Determination of Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight among Babies Born in Sulaimania City, Kurdistan-Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sardar Weli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Low Level

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is the main leading cause of infant death. It is contributing to a variety of short and long term poor health outcomes. Determination of risk factors associated with LBW is important to select a suitable action to prevent or reduce this outcome. Studies on LBW and maternal risk factors in the Kurdistan region of Iraq are scarce.Objectives: This study aimed to determine risk factors associated with Low birth weight in Sulaimania city, Kurdistan region of Iraq.Cases and Methods: This study was carried out in the Maternity Hospital in Sulaimania from first of July, 2019 to first of February, 2020. Participants were 300 randomly selected mothers who gave a live birth. The questionnaire form, which contains information about factors associated with low birth weight (infant’s weight at birth lower than 2.5 kg) were filled by collectors. Infants were weighed immediately after delivery, and the weight was recorded in addition to sex of the infants, gestational age (weeks), age of the mother, job of the mothers, mother’s educational levels, antenatal care attendance, gravidity, residency, exercise and history of chronic diseases of mothers were recorded.Results: The results of the present study indicate that LBW was reported in 44.7% of the participants. For the LBW group, 48.5% were males and 51.5% were females. The highest percentage of LBW was among those born preterm 75.4% and the lowest was among full term 24.6%. Many factors such as an employed mother (85.8%), no exercise during pregnancy (88.1%), residency in urban (61.9%), mothers with chronic diseases (86.6%) and low level of education (illiterate and primary) (67.9%) were found as the significant risk factors of LBW. However, other factors such as prenatal care visits, age of mothers and gravidity were not found to be associated with LBW.Conclusion: The current study concludes that multiple risk factors may be associated with LBW in Sulaimania city, Kurdistan region of Iraq. Gestational age (preterm delivery), working mothers, no regular exercise, urban residence, low level of education and mother’s diseases such as hypertension, respiratory conditions, chronic infections and diabetes mellitus were considered as the risk factors associated with LBW.

scholarly journals Variation in Arsenic metabolism in schistosomiasis associated bladder pathology in a rural community, Eggua, Ogun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1645-1652
Author(s):  
A.T. Adeboye ◽  
H.O. Awobode ◽  
A.S. Adebayo ◽  
J.R. Djouaka ◽  
R.D. Isokpehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Urogenital Schistosomiasis ◽  
Arsenic Metabolism ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Urinary Arsenic ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bladder Pathology

Exposure to toxic inorganic Arsenic (iAs) in areas endemic for urogenital schistosomiasis may confer increased risk for bladder cancer. The severity of the adverse effects of iAs however depends on its metabolism, which is highly variable among individuals. Genetic polymorphism in Arsenic (+3) Methyl Transferase enzyme, accounts significantly for these variations. To investigate the relationship of AS3MT gene polymorphisms and Arsenic metabolism to schistosomiasis and/or associated bladder pathology, 119 individualsfrom Eggua in southwest Nigeria were recruited for this study. Screening for schistosomiasis and bladder pathology was done by microscopy and ultrasonography respectively. Wagtech Digital Arsenator was used to assess total urinary arsenic concentrations and thus determine the level of arsenic exposure. The single nucleotide polymorphism AS3MT/Met287Thr T>C (rs11191439) was genotyped using Alelle-Specific PCR. Of the participants who tested positive for schistosomiasis, 33.3% exhibited bladder pathology. Total urinary arsenic concentration in 80% of the participants was above the WHO limit of 0.05mg/L. The Met287Thr allelic distribution conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (X2= 0.161, P> 0.05). Observed allelic frequencies were 0.96 and 0.04 for wild-type T and mutant C alleles respectively. There was no significant relationship between AS3MT SNP, arsenic concentrations and schistosomiasis associated bladder pathology. In conclusion, the community is highly exposed to arsenic, although with a possible genetic advantage of increased AS3MT catalytic activity. However, we see the need for urgent intervention as inter-individual differences in arsenic metabolism may influence the bladder pathology status of individuals in the community. And although urogenital schistosomiasis is waning in Eggua, it is not known what synergy the infection and high arsenic exposure may wield on bladder pathology.

scholarly journals Magnitude of optimal adherence and predictors for a low level of adherence among HIV/AIDS-infected adults in South Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a multifacility cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e056009
Author(s):  
Shimeles Biru Zewude ◽  
Tewodros Magegnet Ajebe
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Low Level ◽  
South Gondar ◽  
Hiv Aids

ObjectivesThis study aims to identify levels of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs and factors associated with them in Northwest Ethiopia. We hypothesise that in the era of COVID-19, there would be suboptimal adherence to ART drugs.DesignAn observational cross-sectional study was conducted. Factors associated with the level of adherence were selected for multiple logistic regressions at a p value of less than 0.2 in the analysis. Statistically significant associated factors were identified at a p value less than 0.05 and adjusted OR with a 95% CI.SettingThe study was conducted in one specialised hospital and three district hospitals found in the South Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia.ParticipantsAbout 432 people living with HIV/AIDS receiving highly active ART in South Gondar zone public hospitals and who have been on treatment for more than a 3-month period participated in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresLevels of adherence to ART drugs and their associated factors.ResultsAmong 432 study participants, 81.5% (95% CI: 78% to 85.2%) of participants were optimally adherent to ART drugs. Determinants of a low level of adherence: stigma or discrimination (OR=0.4, p=0.016), missed scheduled clinical visit (OR=0.45, p=0.034), being on tuberculosis treatment (OR=0.45, p=0.01), recent CD4 cell count less than 500 cells/mm3 (OR=0.3, p=0.023) and patients who had been on WHO clinical stage III at the time of ART initiation (OR=0.24, p=0.027) were factors significantly associated with adherence to ART drugs.ConclusionsLevel of adherence was relatively low compared with some local studies. The intervention targeted to reduce discrimination, counselling before initiation of treatment and awareness regarding compliance is advised to improve adherence to antiretroviral regimens.

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