Effects of low-level arsenic exposure on urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1885-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-Y Eom ◽  
Y-C Lee ◽  
D-H Yim ◽  
C-H Lee ◽  
Y-D Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Tubular Damage ◽  
Seafood Consumption ◽  
Arsenic Level ◽  
Urine Sampling ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Urinary Arsenic ◽  
Renal Tubular

This study was aimed to evaluate whether renal tubular function is impaired by exposure to relatively low concentrations of arsenic. Mean urinary arsenic concentrations and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities were compared among 365 and 502 Korean men and women, respectively, in relation to gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, and recent seafood consumption. The study subjects were divided into 4 groups according to urinary NAG activity and seafood consumption prior to urine sampling, and the correlation between arsenic concentration and urinary NAG activity was tested for each group. The mean urinary arsenic level was higher in women, non-smokers, and non-drinkers in comparison to men, smokers, and drinkers, respectively. Individuals who consumed seafood within 3 days prior to urine sampling showed a higher mean urinary arsenic level than those who did not. The correlation between urinary arsenic concentration and NAG activity in urine was significant only in subjects who did not consume seafood within 3 days prior to urine sampling and whose urinary NAG activity was 7.44 U/g creatinine (75th percentile) or higher. The urinary arsenic concentration was a significant determinant of urinary NAG activity in subjects with NAG activity higher than 7.44 U/g creatinine and especially in those who had not consumed seafood recently. These facts suggest that a relatively low-level exposure to inorganic arsenic produces renal tubular damage in humans.

scholarly journals Variation in Arsenic metabolism in schistosomiasis associated bladder pathology in a rural community, Eggua, Ogun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1645-1652
Author(s):  
A.T. Adeboye ◽  
H.O. Awobode ◽  
A.S. Adebayo ◽  
J.R. Djouaka ◽  
R.D. Isokpehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Urogenital Schistosomiasis ◽  
Arsenic Metabolism ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Urinary Arsenic ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bladder Pathology

Exposure to toxic inorganic Arsenic (iAs) in areas endemic for urogenital schistosomiasis may confer increased risk for bladder cancer. The severity of the adverse effects of iAs however depends on its metabolism, which is highly variable among individuals. Genetic polymorphism in Arsenic (+3) Methyl Transferase enzyme, accounts significantly for these variations. To investigate the relationship of AS3MT gene polymorphisms and Arsenic metabolism to schistosomiasis and/or associated bladder pathology, 119 individualsfrom Eggua in southwest Nigeria were recruited for this study. Screening for schistosomiasis and bladder pathology was done by microscopy and ultrasonography respectively. Wagtech Digital Arsenator was used to assess total urinary arsenic concentrations and thus determine the level of arsenic exposure. The single nucleotide polymorphism AS3MT/Met287Thr T>C (rs11191439) was genotyped using Alelle-Specific PCR. Of the participants who tested positive for schistosomiasis, 33.3% exhibited bladder pathology. Total urinary arsenic concentration in 80% of the participants was above the WHO limit of 0.05mg/L. The Met287Thr allelic distribution conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (X2= 0.161, P> 0.05). Observed allelic frequencies were 0.96 and 0.04 for wild-type T and mutant C alleles respectively. There was no significant relationship between AS3MT SNP, arsenic concentrations and schistosomiasis associated bladder pathology. In conclusion, the community is highly exposed to arsenic, although with a possible genetic advantage of increased AS3MT catalytic activity. However, we see the need for urgent intervention as inter-individual differences in arsenic metabolism may influence the bladder pathology status of individuals in the community. And although urogenital schistosomiasis is waning in Eggua, it is not known what synergy the infection and high arsenic exposure may wield on bladder pathology.

The Arsenic Concentration in Saliva, Urine and Drinking Water in Endemic Arsenicosis Area in Shanyin County of Shanxi Province, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Peng Wang ◽  
San Xiang Wang ◽  
Zheng Hui Wang ◽  
Li Ming Zhang ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Arsenic Level ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Urinary Arsenic

Biological monitoring for arsenic(As) is usually based upon a determination of urine, blood, nail and hair arsenic concentration, however, saliva has been suggested as a non-invasive biological matrix for assessing exposure. To further evaluate the potential utility of saliva for arsenic biomonitoring, Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry(AFS-230) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) were used to evaluate the concentration of arsenic in drinking water, saliva and urine in endemic arsenicosis area in Shanyin County of Shanxi Province. The results showed that the arsenic concentration in drinking water was 0.55-720.0ug/L, and there were 66.67% samples above the arsenic level (50μg/L) of standards for drinking water quality. The median value of arsenic in drinking water was 127.22 μg/L. The salivary and urinary arsenic both can reflect the exposure of arsenic in drinking water. Additionally, there was a significant positive association of salivary arsenic compared with arsenic in drinking water (r=0.674, P<0.05)and urinary arsenic(r=0.794, P<0.05). These results demonstrated that, similar to urinary arsenic, salivary arsenic also can be used as a biomarker for assessing human exposue to arsenic.

scholarly journals Determinants of arsenic methylation efficiency and urinary arsenic level in pregnant women in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangzhi Gao ◽  
Pi-I Lin ◽  
Golam Mostofa ◽  
Quazi Quamruzzaman ◽  
Mahmudur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Arsenic Level ◽  
Arsenic Metabolism ◽  
Arsenic Methylation ◽  
Urinary Arsenic

Abstract Background Prenatal inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure is associated with pregnancy outcomes. Maternal capabilities of arsenic biotransformation and elimination may influence the susceptibility of arsenic toxicity. Therefore, we examined the determinants of arsenic metabolism of pregnant women in Bangladesh who are exposed to high levels of arsenic. Methods In a prospective birth cohort, we followed 1613 pregnant women in Bangladesh and collected urine samples at two prenatal visits: one at 4–16 weeks, and the second at 21–37 weeks of pregnancy. We measured major arsenic species in urine, including iAs (iAs%) and methylated forms. The proportions of each species over the sum of all arsenic species were used as biomarkers of arsenic methylation efficiency. We examined the difference in arsenic methylation using a paired t-test between first and second visits. Using linear regression, we examined determinants of arsenic metabolism, including age, BMI at enrollment, education, financial provider income, arsenic exposure level, and dietary folate and protein intake, adjusted for daily energy intake. Results Comparing visit 2 to visit 1, iAs% decreased 1.1% (p <  0.01), and creatinine-adjusted urinary arsenic level (U-As) increased 21% (95% CI: 15, 26%; p <  0.01). Drinking water arsenic concentration was positively associated with iAs% at both visits. When restricted to participants with higher adjusted urinary arsenic levels (adjusted U-As > 50 μg/g-creatinine) gestational age at measurement was strongly associated with DMA% (β = 0.38, p <  0.01) only at visit 1. Additionally, DMA% was negatively associated with daily protein intake (β = − 0.02, p <  0.01) at visit 1, adjusting for total energy intake and other covariates. Conclusions Our findings indicate that arsenic metabolism and adjusted U-As level increase during pregnancy. We have identified determinants of arsenic methylation efficiency at visit 1.

scholarly journals Vitamin B-6 Intake Is Modestly Associated with Arsenic Methylation in Uruguayan Children with Low-Level Arsenic Exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 1223-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gauri Desai ◽  
Marie Vahter ◽  
Elena I Queirolo ◽  
Fabiana Peregalli ◽  
Nelly Mañay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Urinary Arsenic ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Vitamin B 12 ◽  
B Vitamin

ABSTRACT Background Detoxification of inorganic arsenic (iAs) occurs when it methylates to form monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Lower proportions of urinary iAs and MMA, and higher proportions of DMA indicate efficient methylation. The role of B-vitamins in iAs methylation in children with low-level arsenic exposure is understudied. Objectives Our study objective was to assess the association between B-vitamin intake and iAs methylation in children with low-level arsenic exposure (&lt;50 µg/L in water; urinary arsenic 5–50 µg/L). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in 290 ∼7-y-old children in Montevideo. Intake of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 was calculated by averaging 2 nonconsecutive 24-h recalls. Total urinary arsenic concentration was measured as the sum of urinary iAs, MMA, and DMA, and adjusted for urinary specific gravity; iAs methylation was measured as urinary percentage As, percentage MMA, and percentage DMA. Arsenic concentrations from household water sources were assessed. Linear regressions tested the relationships between individual energy-adjusted B-vitamins and iAs methylation. Results Median (range) arsenic concentrations in urine and water were 9.9 (2.2–48.7) and 0.45 (0.1–18.9) µg/L, respectively. The median (range) of urinary percentage iAs, percentage MMA, and percentage DMA was 10.6% (0.0–33.8), 9.7% (2.6–24.8), and 79.1% (58.5–95.4), respectively. The median (range) intake levels of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin B-6 were 0.81 (0.19–2.56), 1.0 (0.30–2.24), 8.6 (3.5–23.3), and 0.67 (0.25–1.73) mg/1000 kcal, respectively, whereas those of folate and vitamin B-12 were 216 (75–466) and 1.7 (0.34–8.3) µg/1000 kcal, respectively. Vitamin B-6 intake was inversely associated with urinary percentage MMA (β = −1.60; 95% CI: −3.07, −0.15). No other statistically significant associations were observed. Conclusions Although vitamin B-6 intake was inversely associated with urinary percentage MMA, our findings suggest limited support for a relation between B-vitamin intake and iAs methylation in children exposed to low-level arsenic.

Factors Associated with Low Level of Urinary Inorganic Arsenic Concentration

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Andrea Rubilar ◽  
Maria Pia Munoz ◽  
Macarena Valdes ◽  
Marta Saavedra ◽  
Veronica Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Low Level

scholarly journals Arsenic Concentrations in Tissues and Body Fluids of Dogs on Chronic Low-Level Dietary Sodium Arsenite

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regg D. Neiger ◽  
Gary D. Osweiler
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Low Dosage

Twenty-four female Beagle dogs, 7–8 months old, were assigned to 4 groups. Control, low-dosage, medium-dosage, and high-dosage groups were offered 0, 1, 2, and 4 mg of sodium arsenite per kilogram of body weight per day (mg/kg/day), respectively, in their feed (equivalent to 0.0, 33.4, 66.7, and 133.4 μg/g in feed). On day 59, the dosage was doubled for the rest of the experiment, which ended on day 183. In general, arsenic concentrations in tissues and body fluids reflected arsenic levels in feed. Arsenic caused a dose-related decrease in food intake. Statistically significant differences in blood, liver, and kidney arsenic were detected, in most cases, between the 2 higher dosage groups and controls. The greatest differences in arsenic concentrations between groups were present in urine and hair. Results indicate that urine and hair would be the most useful specimens for chemical analysis when attempting to confirm low-level dietary inorganic arsenic exposure or poisoning.

scholarly journals Effect of Arsenic on Breastfed Baby of Arsenic Affected Lactating Mother

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Ferdousi Hasnat ◽  
Selina Khatun ◽  
Farhana Noman ◽  
Mohammad Ibrahim Khalil ◽  
Nusrat Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Arsenic Level ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Urinary Arsenic

Introduction: In the endemic areas of chronic arsenic poisoning of Bangladesh (Cumilla, Noakhali, Laksham, Matlab) drinking water is heavily contaminated with arsenic. An estimated of about 70 million people are at risk from drinking water contaminated with arsenic. There are numerous data on effects of arsenic in adults but a few reports are available on the adverse effect of arsenic on infants and arsenic concentration in human milk, as human milk is the primary source of nutrition during first 6 months of life. Arsenic level found in the urine of infants reflects the intake of arsenic through breast milk. Objective: To find out the effect of arsenic among the breastfed babies of arsenic affected mothers. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the arsenic exposed area of Bangladesh from January 2007 to July 2008. Thirty exclusively breastfed babies of arsenic affected mothers were enrolled as cases and 30 exclusively breastfed babies from non affected mothers were taken as control. Urinary arsenic concentration was considered for measurement of arsenic status. Mothers with their babies were thoroughly examined for length, weight, occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) and gross motor skills. Results: Arsenic affected mothers excreted high concentration of arsenic (334.68μgm/L±108.02) in their urine than control group (19.17μgm/L±7.92) but the urinary arsenic concentrations from both groups of breast fed babies were found to be low. Growth and development parameters like length, weight, OFC and gross motor skills were also found to be normal in both groups of babies. Conclusion: Exclusive breast feeding should be practiced in arsenic affected area to protect the babies from exposure to arsenic from water sources. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 99-102

Arsenic is not stored as arsenite - phytochelatin complexes in the seaweeds Fucus spiralis and Hizikia fusiforme

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Alan Wood ◽  
Shinichi Miyashita ◽  
Toshikazu Kaise ◽  
Andrea Raab ◽  
Andrew A. Meharg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Generic Structure ◽  
Edible Seaweed ◽  
Hizikia Fusiforme ◽  
Toxic Metalloid ◽  
Fucus Spiralis

Environmental context Seaweeds hyperaccumulate the toxic metalloid arsenic, but seemingly achieve detoxification by transformation to arsenosugars. The edible seaweed hijiki is a notable exception because it contains high levels of toxic arsenate and arsenite. Terrestrial plants detoxify arsenic by forming arsenite–phytochelatin complexes. The hypothesis that seaweeds also synthesise phytochelatins to bind arsenite as a means of detoxification before arsenosugar synthesis is tested in this investigation. Abstract Phytochelatins (PCs), generic structure [γ-Glu-Cys]n-Gly, are peptides synthesised by terrestrial plants to bind toxic metal(loid)s such as cadmium and arsenic. Seaweeds are arsenic hyperaccumulators, seemingly achieving detoxification via arsenosugar biosynthesis. Whether seaweeds synthesise PCs to aid detoxification during arsenic exposure is unknown. Hizikia fusiforme (hijiki) and Fucus spiralis were used as model seaweeds: the former is known for its large inorganic arsenic concentration, whereas the latter contains mainly arsenosugars. F. spiralis was exposed to 0, 1 and 10 mg L–1 arsenate solutions for 24 h, whereas hijiki was analysed fresh. All samples contained AsIII, glutathione and reduced PC2, identified using HPLC-ICP-MS/ES-MS. Although hijiki contained no AsIII–PC complexes, arsenate exposed F. spiralis generated traces of numerous arsenic compounds that might be AsIII–GS or AsIII–PC2 complexes. AsIII–PC complexes seem not to be a principal storage form for long-term arsenic storage within seaweeds. However, 40 times higher glutathione concentrations were found in hijiki than F. spiralis, which may explain how hijiki deals with its high inorganic arsenic burden.

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