Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factors (BSAF) for Radionuclides and Sediment Associated Biota of the Ottawa River

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rowan ◽  
R. Silke ◽  
J. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Concentration Factor ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Trophic Transfer ◽  
Accumulation Factor ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
River Contamination ◽  
Deposit Feeding ◽  
Spurious Results

As Ottawa River contamination is historical and resides in sediment, ecological risk and trophic transfer depend on linkages between sediment and biota. One of the ways in which this linkage is quantified is through the use of the biota sediment accumulation factor (BSAF). In this study, we present the first field estimates of BSAF for a number of radionuclides. The strongest and most consistent BSAFs were those for 137Cs in deposit feeding taxa, suggesting that sediment concentrations rather than dissolved concentrations drive uptake. For crayfish and unionid bivalves that do not feed on sediment, biota radionuclide concentrations were not related to sediment concentrations, but rather reflected concentrations in water. BSAFs would not be appropriate for these non-deposit feeding biota. BSAFs for 137Cs were not significantly different among deposit feeding taxa, suggesting similar processes for ingestion, assimilation and elimination. These data also show that the concentration factor approach used for guidance would have led to spurious results in this study for deposit feeding benthic invertebrates. Concentrations of 137Cs in Hexagenia downstream of the CRL process outfall range by about 2-orders of magnitude, in comparison to relatively uniform water concentrations. The concentration factor approach would have predicted a single value downstream of CRL, underestimating exposure to Hexagenia by almost 2-orders of magnitude at sites close to the CRL process outfall.

scholarly journals Mercury Bioaccumulation in Benthic Invertebrates: From Riverine Sediments to Higher Trophic Levels

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Laura Marziali ◽  
Claudio Roscioli ◽  
Lucia Valsecchi
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Accumulation Factor ◽  
Trophic Chain ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Riverine Sediments ◽  
Wet Weight

Riverine sediments are important sites of mercury methylation and benthic invertebrates may be indicators of Hg exposure to higher organisms. From 2014 to 2018, sediments and invertebrates were collected along a mercury gradient in the Toce River (Northern Italy) and analyzed for THg and MeHg. Concentrations in invertebrates, separated according to taxon and to Functional Feeding Group, ranged from 20 to 253 µg kg−1 dry weight (d.w.) for THg, increasing from grazers (Leuctra, Baetis, Serratella) to predators (Perla). MeHg ranged from 3 to 88 µg kg−1 d.w. in biota, representing 6–53% of THg, while in sediments it was mostly below LOD (0.7 µg kg−1), accounting for ≤3.8% of THg. The Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF, ranging 0.2–4.6) showed an inverse relation to exposure concentrations (THg in sediments, ranging 0.014–0.403 µg kg−1 d.w.) and to organic carbon. THg in invertebrates (up to 73 µg kg−1 wet weight), i.e., at the basal levels of the aquatic trophic chain, exceeded the European Environmental Quality Standard for biota (20 µg kg−1 w.w.), posing potential risks for top predators. Concentrations in adult insects were close to those in aquatic stages, proving active mercury transfer even to terrestrial food chains.

scholarly journals A WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL RISK FROM HISTORICAL CONTAMINATION OF OTTAWA RIVER SEDIMENTS NEAR CHALK RIVER LABORATORIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-170
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Bond ◽  
Renee Silke ◽  
Marilyne Stuart ◽  
Jamie Carr ◽  
David J. Rowan
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Anthropogenic Radionuclides ◽  
Contaminant Exposure ◽  
Biological Surveys ◽  
Ottawa River

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories’ Chalk River Laboratories (CRL) site is situated on the banks of the Ottawa River, about 180 km northwest of the City of Ottawa. Since 1947, the Ottawa River has received effluent from CRL’s operations. Since this time, and in particular during the operation of the national research experimental research reactor (1947–1992), radionuclides (mainly 60Co and 137Cs) and mercury released in effluents have accumulated in deep-water sediments downstream of CRL. In the following, we present a holistic summary of characterization of the historical contamination and ecological risk assessment work completed to date. The evaluation included (i) comparisons of recommended benchmark dose and screening levels with concentrations in water and sediment, (ii) determination of relevant exposure pathways and biological receptors, (iii) measured and (or) modelled contaminant exposure to benthic receptors and trophic transfer of contaminants to upper trophic level receptors, (iv) whole-sediment laboratory toxicity tests using benthic invertebrates and fish, and (v) field studies assessing possible intermediate or long-term effects on aquatic biota at the population and community levels. The ecological risk related to the contaminated sediment site was assessed using multiple lines of evidence and a weight-of-evidence approach. Despite concentrations of anthropogenic radionuclides and mercury above screening levels in Ottawa River sediments near CRL, the laboratory toxicity tests, radiological dose and mercury bioaccumulation modelling, and biological surveys of benthic invertebrates and fish indicated no significant adverse effects. Ecological risk to Ottawa River benthic invertebrates, fish, fish-eating birds and mammals from historical sediment contamination near CRL is low-to-negligible, and levels of risk will continue to decline as sediment-bound radionuclides decay and contamination is buried by new sediment.

scholarly journals Study on the Evaluation of (Heavy) Metals in Water and Sediment of Skadar Lake (Montenegro), with BCF Assessment and Translocation Ability (TA) by Trapa natans and a Review of SDGs

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Marijana Krivokapić
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Concentration Factor ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Accumulation Factor ◽  
Trapa Natans ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cu And Zn

Skadar Lake is a crypto-depression, a shallow lake, near to the Adriatic coast; the largest in the Balkan Peninsula and in southeastern Europe. The Lake is a very complex aquatic ecosystem in which anthropogenic activities have a long history in terms of the impact on wildlife and the overexploitation of natural resources. Such consequences related to heavy metals represent a global problem. Heavy metal pollution can cause severe ecological consequences in aquatic ecosystems. These pollutants accumulate in the aquatic biota from water, sediment and through the food chain, the impact can magnify. Aquatic macrophytes are good indicators of the health of a water body. This research was carried out to evaluate heavy metals concentration in water, sediment and in the aquatic macrophyte Trapa natans (water chestnut), with BCF (bio-concentration factor), BSAF (biota sediment accumulation factor) and TA (translocation ability), in order to determine the water quality of this specific part of the aquatic ecosystem of Skadar Lake near to the settlement of Vranjina, a fishing village. The determination of heavy metals was carried out by ICP-OES. (Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry). Statistical analysis was established by R statistical computing software, version 3.5.3. The metal concentration in the water decreases in the following sequential order: As > Pb > Zn > Cu = Al = Cr > Cd = Hg. Meanwhile in the sediment, the descending sequence is as follows: Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd > Hg. The ability of plants to absorb and accumulate metals from the aqueous growth medium was assessed using a bio-concentration factor. The BCF in the stem, leaf and fruit has high values, mainly, of Al, Cr, Cu and Zn, while for the biota sediment accumulation factor, the highest values were recorded for the following elements: Hg, Cd, Cu and Zn. Analysis of the translocation ability of TA shows the dominance of four metals: Pb, Cd, Hg and As. A significant positive Kendall’s correlation coefficient between sediment and stem (R = 0.73, p < 0.05), stem and leaf (R = 0.87, p < 0.05) and leaf and fruit (R = 1, p < 0.05) was established.

National-Scale, Field-Based Evaluation of the Biota−Sediment Accumulation Factor Model

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1709-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Wong ◽  
Paul D. Capel ◽  
Lisa H. Nowell
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Factor ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Scale Field

scholarly journals Occurrence and risk assessment of trace metals and metalloids in sediments and benthic invertebrates from Dianshan Lake, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 14847-14856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wu ◽  
Yihui Zhou ◽  
Yanling Qiu ◽  
Da Chen ◽  
Zhiliang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Accumulation Factor ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Metals And Metalloids ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Dianshan Lake

Abstract The present study measured concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, and Pb in surface sediments and two benthic invertebrate species (Anodonta woodiana and Bellamya aeruginosa) collected from Dianshan Lake, located in the Yangtze River Delta. The Dianshan Lake acts as one of the most important drinking water sources to Shanghai, the biggest city in China. Concentrations of trace metals and metalloids ranged from 0.04 mg/kg for Cd to 288.0 mg/kg for Zn. Substantial bioaccumulation in invertebrates was observed for Zn and Cu based on the biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) measurements. The results revealed that concentrations of metals and metalloids in sediments from Dianshan Lake were at the lower end of the range of levels found in other regions of China. The assessment of three significantly inter-related evaluation indices, including the geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), potential ecological risk factor (Eri), and mean probable effect concentration quotients (Qm-PEC), suggested that sediment-associated trace elements exhibited no considerable ecological risks in the studied watershed. However, the target hazard quotient and hazard index analysis suggested that selected elements (particularly As) accumulation in edible tissues of benthic invertebrates could pose potential health risks to local populations, especially fishermen. Given that wild aquatic organisms (e.g., fish and bivalves) constitute the diet of local populations as popular food/protein choices, further investigations are needed to better elucidate human health risks from metal and metalloid exposure via edible freshwater organisms.

scholarly journals Assessment of Mercury Accumulation and Magnification in a Freshwater Food Chain: Sediment, Benthos and Benthivorous Fish

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Mehdi Khoshnamvand ◽  
◽  
Almasieh Almasieh ◽  
Shahram Kaboodvandpour ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Accumulation Factor ◽  
Benthivorous Fish ◽  
The Common ◽  
Study Sites

Background: Present study was conducted to measure the level of total mercury (tHg) in sediments, benthos and benthivorous fish (i.e., common carp) for determining Biota (Benthos)-Sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF), as well as Biomagnification Factor (BMF) of tHg between two trophic levels of benthos and benthivorous fish caught from Sanandaj Gheshlagh Reservoir (SGR) in the west of Iran. Methods: Samples of sediments and benthos biomasses were collected from three sampling stations. Common carps were captured around the selected stations during July to December 2010. Results: Means accumulated tHg (±SE) in sediments, benthos masses and muscle tissue of common carp were 117.66±9.72, 94.3±5.02 and 233.21±20.67 ng g-1 dry weight, respectively. Means accumulated tHg in benthos masses and muscle tissue of the common carp during the studying months showed no significant differences (P>0.05), while it was significantly differed in sediment samples (P<0.05). Results showed that there were statistically significant differences between accumulated tHg between sediment and benthos mass samples collected from the study sites (P<0.05). Conclusion: During the study, all calculated BSAF measurements were less than one, indicating transmission of mercury from sediment to benthos was not considerable. However, mercury BMFs was higher than one, denoting mercury biomagnification occurred from the benthos trophic level to the higher trophic level (i.e., common carp) in study site. Hence, the health considerations have to be taken in to the account for consumption of fishery products of SGR.

scholarly journals Amazon types of waters, BSAF (Biota Sediment Accumulation Factor), biomagnification and bioaccumulation of Hg

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Miguel Vieira de Melo Netoc
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Accumulation Factor ◽  
Trophic Chain ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Amazonian Rainforest

Amazonian rainforest aquatic ecosystem is a very unique ecosystem in the Earth, which waters from the Amazon basin have distinct physicochemical and optical characteristics (black, clear and white). In this mini review paper, Amazon status of bioaccumulation and biomagnifications of Hg and MeHg is discussed. Emphasis has been given to understand the effect of BSAF on the aquatic trophic chain (plankton, macroinvertebrates). Keywords: Mercury; Methylmercury; Amazon

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