scholarly journals Amazon types of waters, BSAF (Biota Sediment Accumulation Factor), biomagnification and bioaccumulation of Hg

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Miguel Vieira de Melo Netoc
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Accumulation Factor ◽  
Trophic Chain ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Amazonian Rainforest

Amazonian rainforest aquatic ecosystem is a very unique ecosystem in the Earth, which waters from the Amazon basin have distinct physicochemical and optical characteristics (black, clear and white). In this mini review paper, Amazon status of bioaccumulation and biomagnifications of Hg and MeHg is discussed. Emphasis has been given to understand the effect of BSAF on the aquatic trophic chain (plankton, macroinvertebrates). Keywords: Mercury; Methylmercury; Amazon

scholarly journals Mercury Bioaccumulation in Benthic Invertebrates: From Riverine Sediments to Higher Trophic Levels

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Laura Marziali ◽  
Claudio Roscioli ◽  
Lucia Valsecchi
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Accumulation Factor ◽  
Trophic Chain ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Riverine Sediments ◽  
Wet Weight

Riverine sediments are important sites of mercury methylation and benthic invertebrates may be indicators of Hg exposure to higher organisms. From 2014 to 2018, sediments and invertebrates were collected along a mercury gradient in the Toce River (Northern Italy) and analyzed for THg and MeHg. Concentrations in invertebrates, separated according to taxon and to Functional Feeding Group, ranged from 20 to 253 µg kg−1 dry weight (d.w.) for THg, increasing from grazers (Leuctra, Baetis, Serratella) to predators (Perla). MeHg ranged from 3 to 88 µg kg−1 d.w. in biota, representing 6–53% of THg, while in sediments it was mostly below LOD (0.7 µg kg−1), accounting for ≤3.8% of THg. The Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF, ranging 0.2–4.6) showed an inverse relation to exposure concentrations (THg in sediments, ranging 0.014–0.403 µg kg−1 d.w.) and to organic carbon. THg in invertebrates (up to 73 µg kg−1 wet weight), i.e., at the basal levels of the aquatic trophic chain, exceeded the European Environmental Quality Standard for biota (20 µg kg−1 w.w.), posing potential risks for top predators. Concentrations in adult insects were close to those in aquatic stages, proving active mercury transfer even to terrestrial food chains.

scholarly journals Study on the Evaluation of (Heavy) Metals in Water and Sediment of Skadar Lake (Montenegro), with BCF Assessment and Translocation Ability (TA) by Trapa natans and a Review of SDGs

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Marijana Krivokapić
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Concentration Factor ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Accumulation Factor ◽  
Trapa Natans ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cu And Zn

Skadar Lake is a crypto-depression, a shallow lake, near to the Adriatic coast; the largest in the Balkan Peninsula and in southeastern Europe. The Lake is a very complex aquatic ecosystem in which anthropogenic activities have a long history in terms of the impact on wildlife and the overexploitation of natural resources. Such consequences related to heavy metals represent a global problem. Heavy metal pollution can cause severe ecological consequences in aquatic ecosystems. These pollutants accumulate in the aquatic biota from water, sediment and through the food chain, the impact can magnify. Aquatic macrophytes are good indicators of the health of a water body. This research was carried out to evaluate heavy metals concentration in water, sediment and in the aquatic macrophyte Trapa natans (water chestnut), with BCF (bio-concentration factor), BSAF (biota sediment accumulation factor) and TA (translocation ability), in order to determine the water quality of this specific part of the aquatic ecosystem of Skadar Lake near to the settlement of Vranjina, a fishing village. The determination of heavy metals was carried out by ICP-OES. (Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry). Statistical analysis was established by R statistical computing software, version 3.5.3. The metal concentration in the water decreases in the following sequential order: As > Pb > Zn > Cu = Al = Cr > Cd = Hg. Meanwhile in the sediment, the descending sequence is as follows: Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd > Hg. The ability of plants to absorb and accumulate metals from the aqueous growth medium was assessed using a bio-concentration factor. The BCF in the stem, leaf and fruit has high values, mainly, of Al, Cr, Cu and Zn, while for the biota sediment accumulation factor, the highest values were recorded for the following elements: Hg, Cd, Cu and Zn. Analysis of the translocation ability of TA shows the dominance of four metals: Pb, Cd, Hg and As. A significant positive Kendall’s correlation coefficient between sediment and stem (R = 0.73, p < 0.05), stem and leaf (R = 0.87, p < 0.05) and leaf and fruit (R = 1, p < 0.05) was established.

scholarly journals 240+239Pu depositional signatures as a viable geochronological tool in the Amazon Basin

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana M Sanders ◽  
Kathryn H Taffs ◽  
Debra Stokes ◽  
Alex Enrich-Prast ◽  
Christian J Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Recent Sediment ◽  
Floodplain Lake ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Amazon Floodplain ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
Lead 210

AbstractAnthropogenic radionuclide signatures associated with nuclear testing are increasingly utilized in environmental science to explore recent sedimentation. In this study, we assess the suitability of Pu radioisotope analysis in floodplain lake environments in the Amazon Basin to form geochronologies during the 20thcentury. The240Pu +239Pu (240+239Pu) signatures in six sediment cores indicate sediment accumulation rates in the floodplain lakes of the major rivers; Amazon (2.3 mm year-1), Tapajos (10.2 and 2.4 mm year-1) and Madeira (3.4, 4.2 and 6.2 mm year-1). The results from this study show that240+239Pu fallout activities, and the well documented (240Pu/239Pu) atomic ratios of the above ground nuclear tests which began in the 1950’s, are sufficient and well preserved in Amazon floodplain lake sediments to infer chronologies. Lead-210 dating analyses in the same sediment cores produced comparable sediment accumulation rates at three of the six sites. The differences between dating methods may be attributed to the different time scale these dating methods represent and/or in the solubility between Pb and Pu along the sediment column. The geochronologies derived from the240+239Pu and210Pb dating methods outlined in this work are of interest to identify the effects of changing sediment accumulation rates during the previous century as a result of development, including deforestation, along the Amazon Basin which increased towards the middle of the 20thcentury. This study shows that Pu dating provides a viable alternative geochronology tool for recent sediment accumulation (previous ~60 years) along the Amazon Basin.

The Atmospheric Component of Biogeochemical Cycles in the Amazon Basin

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Artaxo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Earth System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Tropics

Tropical forests, with their high biological activity, have the potential to emit large amounts of trace gases and aerosol particles to the atmosphere. The accelerated development and land clearing that is occurring in large areas of the Amazon basin suggest that anthropogenic effects on natural biogeochemical cycles are already occurring (Gash et al. 1996). The atmosphere plays a key role in this process. The tropics are the part of the globe with the most rapidly growing population, the most dramatic industrial expansion and the most rapid and pervasive change in land use and land cover. Also the tropics contain the largest standing stocks of terrestrial vegetation and have the highest rates of photosynthesis and respiration. It is likely that changes in tropical land use will have a profound impact on the global atmosphere (Andreae 1998, Andreae and Crutzen 1997). A significant fraction of nutrients are transported or dislocated through the atmosphere in the form of trace gases, aerosol particles, and rainwater (Keller et al. 1991). Also the global effects of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and other trace gases have in the forest ecosystems a key partner. The large emissions of isoprene, terpenes, and many other volatile organic compounds could impact carbon cycling and the production of secondary aerosol particles over the Amazon region. Vegetation is a natural source of many types of aerosol particles that play an important role in the radiation budget over large areas (Artaxo et al. 1998). There are 5 major reservoirs in the Earth system: atmosphere, biosphere (vegetation, animals), soils, hydrosphere (oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater), and the lithosphere (Earth crust). Elemental cycles of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements interact with the different reservoirs of the Earth system. The carbon cycle has important aspects in tropical forests due to the large amount of carbon stored in the tropical forests and the high rate of tropical deforestation (Jacob 1999). In Amazonia there are two very different atmospheric conditions: the wet season (mostly from November to June) and the dry season (July-October) (see Marengo and Nobre, this volume). Biomass burning emissions dominate completely the atmospheric concentrations over large areas of the Amazon basin during the dry season (Artaxo et al. 1988).

National-Scale, Field-Based Evaluation of the Biota−Sediment Accumulation Factor Model

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1709-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Wong ◽  
Paul D. Capel ◽  
Lisa H. Nowell
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Factor ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Scale Field

scholarly journals Assessment of Mercury Accumulation and Magnification in a Freshwater Food Chain: Sediment, Benthos and Benthivorous Fish

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Mehdi Khoshnamvand ◽  
◽  
Almasieh Almasieh ◽  
Shahram Kaboodvandpour ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Accumulation Factor ◽  
Benthivorous Fish ◽  
The Common ◽  
Study Sites

Background: Present study was conducted to measure the level of total mercury (tHg) in sediments, benthos and benthivorous fish (i.e., common carp) for determining Biota (Benthos)-Sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF), as well as Biomagnification Factor (BMF) of tHg between two trophic levels of benthos and benthivorous fish caught from Sanandaj Gheshlagh Reservoir (SGR) in the west of Iran. Methods: Samples of sediments and benthos biomasses were collected from three sampling stations. Common carps were captured around the selected stations during July to December 2010. Results: Means accumulated tHg (±SE) in sediments, benthos masses and muscle tissue of common carp were 117.66±9.72, 94.3±5.02 and 233.21±20.67 ng g-1 dry weight, respectively. Means accumulated tHg in benthos masses and muscle tissue of the common carp during the studying months showed no significant differences (P>0.05), while it was significantly differed in sediment samples (P<0.05). Results showed that there were statistically significant differences between accumulated tHg between sediment and benthos mass samples collected from the study sites (P<0.05). Conclusion: During the study, all calculated BSAF measurements were less than one, indicating transmission of mercury from sediment to benthos was not considerable. However, mercury BMFs was higher than one, denoting mercury biomagnification occurred from the benthos trophic level to the higher trophic level (i.e., common carp) in study site. Hence, the health considerations have to be taken in to the account for consumption of fishery products of SGR.

scholarly journals Mercury levels in Tarmat Contaminated Beaches and its Marine Organisms living along the Qatari Coasts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Helmy Hassan Abouelezz
Keyword(s):  
Total Mercury ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Sentinel Species ◽  
Accumulation Factor ◽  
Coastal Species ◽  
Oil Residue ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Concentration Levels

One of the pollutants that affects the coastal environment of Qatar is the vast expanse of oil residue ‘tarmats’ deposited on its beaches. The current study is aimed at gauging the concentration levels of total mercury (THg) in tarmat contaminated sediments and test their presence in selected coastal species. Three biota classes (Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Crustacea) have been found on the tarmat of Ras Rakan and Umm Tais islands. Layers of hard asphalt-like tarmats and sediments samples were collected from 34 sites, along the coast of Qatar. Moreover, the Biota Sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF) was calculated for THg through sentinel species. The mean concentrations of THg is 0.089 ± 0.02 μg.g-1. Compared to earlier studies, a relatively higher concentration of THg (0.463 μg.g-1) had been observed.

Benthic organisms as ecological indicators for the status assessment of coastal ecosystems

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 1907-1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Komar ◽  
M. Dolenec ◽  
T. Dolenec ◽  
P. Vrhovnik ◽  
S. Lojen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Ecological Indicators ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Accumulation Factor ◽  
Cymodocea Nodosa ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Marine Littoral

The presence of potentially toxic elements (PTE) was determined in different tissues of five selected marine organisms. The As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations were measured in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa, the green alga Cladophora echinus, the red alga Gelidiella lubrica, the marine topshell Phorcus turbinatus and the littoral crab Carcinus aestuarii, as well as in seawater from Makirina Bay. The levels of As, Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn in the biota were found to exceed those in previously analysed sediments, indicating the bioaccumulation of these PTE. The biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) and concentration factor (CF) varied among different organisms. As regards the five selected species, C. nodosa, C. echinus and G. lubrica proved to be the strongest accumulators of Mn, while P. turbinatus and C. aestuarii showed a high capacity to accumulate As, Cd, Cu and Zn. These species can be considered as good ecological indicators in the assessment of PTE pollution in marine littoral environments.

scholarly journals Opening Remarks at Joint Discussion on the Helium in the Universe

1971 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 247-247
Author(s):  
D. E. Osterbrock
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
General Idea ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Universe ◽  
First Session

I wish to thank the Organizing Committee members who planned and organized this Joint Discussion - Professor Fowler, who will preside this afternoon, Dr Hearn, Dr Reeves, Professor Tayler, Professor Underhill, Professor Wallerstein, and Professor Mathis, who has consented to edit the published proceedings.We feel we have assembled a team of the world’s greatest experts on the helium problem, and we know that there are many other even greater experts in the audience. The general idea of the program is that the first session will be devoted to deductions about what the abundance (or abundances) of helium is (or are) in various objects, and the second session to what these abundances imply about stellar, galactic, or universal evolution. We very much want to encourage discussion and the presentation of new results following each review paper.It is particularly appropriate to discuss helium at this IAU General Assembly in England, as this element was discovered in 1868 by Sir Norman Lockyer, who measured λ5876 in the spectrum of the chromosphere, and realized that none of the then known elements could produce it. Helium is thus a real British astronomical element. Furthermore, helium was first identified on the Earth by Sir William Ramsay, who observed the same line in the gas obtained from uranium, and thus showed it was a terrestrial element too.

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