scholarly journals Impact of Okhla, Bhalswa and Ghazipur Municipal Waste Dumpsites (Landfill) on Groundwater Quality in Delhi

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-220
Author(s):  
Sonam Angmo ◽  
Shachi Shah
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Waste Segregation ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Rapid urbanization, increasing prosperity, economic development coupled with changing lifestyle has produced a tremendous generation of waste in huge quantity. The dumping of this huge quantity of partially segregated waste has become a public health and environmental concern. According to an estimate, more than 9500 tons per day (TPD) of MSW (Municipal solid waste) is generated in Delhi and about 60% of waste is transported to these three-active landfills in order of maximum in Bhalswa followed by Ghazipur and Okhla landfill sites which are non-scientific landfill and less than 40% were transported to composting plant and waste to energy plant. These waste dump sites have finished their commissioned date and crossed the permissible height and come under matured landfill (old). Dumping of unsegregated waste in these landfills contribute long-term threat to groundwater as various parameter such as inorganic, organic and heavy metal liberate from leachate of unsegregated solid waste and concentration varies with season. Soil contamination, air pollution and various other environmental, health and social impacts in the vicinity of these landfills are found to be connected with uncontrolled dumping of waste. The study reported that, till date in Delhi, there is no single landfill which is controlled and provides with baseliner or proper cover. All three active landfill still received solid waste beyond their capacity without any attention to waste segregation. Impact of landfill leachate on groundwater revealed by presences of high concentration of various parameters like Chloride, Nitrate, Sulphate, Ammonium, Phenol, Iron, Zinc and Chemical oxygen demand in assessed which showed that quality of groundwater is significantly affected by the percolation of landfill leachate. The main problem of the landfill is the generation of toxic leachate and gases which finally end their life in groundwater and environment and ultimately reach to human and damage aquatic life present in water. On the other hand emission of greenhouse gases lead to the risk of fire and also cause global warming. Presently NGT had warned officer of these three landfills of Delhi to remediate landfill. There is an urgent need of leachate collection system and treatment facilities and gas trapping technologies at this landfill for energy generation and to protect the contamination of groundwater.

A Review : Sustainability from Waste

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-155
Author(s):  
Kriti Jain ◽  
Chirag Shah
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Waste Segregation ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Engineered Landfill

The increasing volume and complexity of waste associated with the modern economy as due to the ranging population, is posing a serious risk to ecosystems and human health. Every year, an estimated 11.2 billion tonnes of solid waste is collected worldwide and decay of the organic proportion of solid waste is contributing about 5 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions (UNEP). Poor waste management - ranging from non-existing collection systems to ineffective disposal causes air pollution, water and soil contamination. Open and unsanitary landfills contribute to contamination of drinking water and can cause infection and transmit diseases. The dispersal of debris pollutes ecosystems and dangerous substances from waste or garbage puts a strain on the health of urban dwellers and the environment. India, being second most populated country of the world that too with the lesser land area comparatively, faces major environmental challenges associated with waste generation and inadequate waste collection, transport, treatment and disposal. Population explosion, coupled with improved life style of people, results in increased generation of solid wastes in urban as well as rural areas of the country. The challenges and barriers are significant, but so are the opportunities. A priority is to move from reliance on waste dumps that offer no environmental protection, to waste management systems that retain useful resources within the economy [2]. Waste segregation at source and use of specialized waste processing facilities to separate recyclable materials has a key role. Disposal of residual waste after extraction of material resources needs engineered landfill sites and/or investment in waste-to-energy facilities. This study focusses on the minimization of the waste and gives the brief about the various initiations for proper waste management system. Hence moving towards the alternatives is the way to deal with these basic problems. This paper outlines various advances in the area of waste management. It focuses on current practices related to waste management initiatives taken by India. The purpose of this article put a light on various initiatives in the country and locates the scope for improvement in the management of waste which will also clean up the unemployment.

Removal of organic micro-pollutants from solid waste landfill leachate in membrane bioreactor operated without excess sludge discharge

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1774-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Boonyaroj ◽  
C. Chiemchaisri ◽  
W. Chiemchaisri ◽  
K. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Mixed Liquor ◽  
Aerobic Reactor ◽  
Micro Pollutants

Two-stage membrane bioreactor (MBR) system was applied to the treatment of landfill leachate from a solid waste disposal site in Thailand. The first stage anoxic reactor was equipped with an inclined tube module for sludge separation. It was followed by an aerobic stage with a hollow fiber membrane module for solid liquid separation. Mixed liquor sludge from the aerobic reactor was re-circulated back to anoxic reactor in order to maintain constant mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration in the aerobic reactor. The removal of micro-pollutants from landfill leachate along the treatment period of 300 days was monitored. The results indicated that two-stage MBRs could remove biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH4+ by 97, 87 and 91% at steady operating condition. Meanwhile organic micro-pollutant removals were 50–76%. The removal efficiencies varied according to the hydrophobic characteristic of compounds but they were improved during long-term MBR operation without sludge discharge.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE MALAYSIAN HOUSEHOLDS’ INTENTION TO PRACTICE SOLID WASTE SEGREGATION-AT-SOURCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Kai Wah Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Waste Segregation ◽  
Development And Validation

The growth of public awareness about environmental concerns is triggered since the late 1960s. Today, it becomes an international highlight on the importance of protecting the natural environment by developing the environmental consciousness and awareness to society. Besides that, there is an increasing trend in the daily generation of municipal solid waste due to the human consumption patterns lately. Therefore, the best way to manage this public health issue should be started from the waste segregation-at-source. Ultimately, by realising the scarce knowledge and research within the field, this research can provide a platform to investigate the knowledge gap and its literature by building a good dataset with respect to the intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source for the Malaysian government bodies, consumers, and non-governmental organisations. So that, they can raise their environmental concern and inculcate their sense of responsibility to protect the cleanliness of the environment among Malaysian households.

The use of extended aeration and in-series surface-flow wetlands for landfill leachate treatment

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig D. Martin ◽  
Keith D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Minimum Criteria

Recently in the USA, the Solid Waste Industry has undergone specific changes in landfill regulations. The Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Acts (RCRA); and EPA subtitle D regulations, as well as stringent State regulations, impose minimum criteria for municipal solid waste facilities in the areas of location, operation, groundwater monitoring, and leachate management. In conjunction with these State and Federal mandates the University of West Florida developed a leachate treatment technique utilizing extended aeration and surface-flow constructed wetlands. Sampling of water quality has occurred monthly since February 1992. Parameters examined include: Nitrogen (NH3,), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Phosphate (TPO4), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), pH, Alkalinity, and Chlorides. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total and Fecal Coliforms, Priority Pollutant Metals, and limited organic analytes are sampled on a less frequent basis. Samples are collected at a raw leachate site (L0), primary aerated lagoon (L1), and 6 stations within the 1.1 hectare constructed wetland complex (S1; W1; W3; W5; W7; W9) and one sandfilter (SF) location. Results thus far indicate removal percentages of the tested analytes average between 64% and 99%. This data suggests various physical, microbiological and chemical processes occurring within the aerated lagoon and constructed wetlands can provide an effective alternative to standard techniques for landfill leachate treatment and disposal. The methods as described have proven to be ideal for the circumstances occurring at the Perdido Landfill.

Performance of Ozone/ZrCl4 Oxidation in Stabilized Landfill Leachate Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nor Farhana Zakaria ◽  
Hamidi Abdul Aziz ◽  
Salem S. Abu Amr
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Zirconium Tetrachloride ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Landfill leachate generation is one of the main problems from sanitary landfill. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), and color are among the most problematic parameters in stabilized leachate. In this regard, dedicated treatment facilities are required before leachate can be discharged into the environment. The performance of the combined ozonation (O3) and zirconium tetrachloride (ZrCl4) to treat two types of stabilized leachate was investigated during this study. Leachate samples were collected from an anaerobic stabilized leachate (Alor Pongsu Landfill Site, APLS) and semi-aerobic stabilized leachate (Pulau Burung Landfill Site, PBLS). Zirconium tetrachloride dosage was determined as 1 g/1 g (COD/ZrCl4 ratio) and then added to the leachate samples with 60 min ozonation at natural leachate pH (8). COD, color, and NH3-N were removed from the APLS sample at 33%, 70%, and 53% rates, respectively, whereas 48%, 75%, and 69%, respectively, from the PBLS samples. Ozone consumption was also calculated with the highest value (3.81 Kg O3/ Kg COD) reported in PBLS, whereas the lowest value (2.32 Kg O3/ Kg COD) was reported in APLS. Biodegradability of (BOD5/COD) was investigated and improved from 0.07 to 0.08 for the APLS samples and 0.05 to 0.11 for the PBLS samples after leachate oxidation. Results showed that the performance of O3/ZrCl4 oxidation is more efficient in treating semi-aerobic stabilized leachate than anaerobic stabilized leachate Moreover, the combined method proved to be more efficient in remediating leachate compared with ozone and zirconium treatment alone.

Sustainable Technologies for Solid Waste Monitoring and Treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-87
Author(s):  
Kafayat Olafunke Adeyemi ◽  
Urbans Benywanira
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Sub Saharan

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is an energy source that should not go untapped or unutilized. The waste must be properly utilized through combustion, anaerobic digestion, and landfill gas acquisition, as it represents material and energy content. This will reduce the effects of global warming, which is as a result of high concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases (GHGs), in the atmosphere. This chapter focuses on the technologies for solid waste management and the thermodynamics involved in the process for sustainable and cleaner energy. The equations presented represent the thermal efficiency, conversion efficiencies, as well as possible work that can be derived from a power plant utilizing MSW as fuel. It is important that countries in Sub-Saharan Africa vigorously pursue sustainable waste management technologies, especially recycling and landfilling, while exploring and investing in waste-to-energy technologies that will perform optimally using the composition of the waste in Sub-Saharan Africa in the design of the waste-to-energy technology.

scholarly journals Circularity in the Management of Municipal Solid Waste – A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 491-507
Author(s):  
Dilip Khatiwada ◽  
Farzin Golzar ◽  
Brijesh Mainali ◽  
Aarthi Aishwarya Devendran
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Msw Management ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
Key Aspects

Abstract Municipal solid waste (MSW) management has emerged as one of the major environmental challenges globally. The consequences of inappropriate waste management are manifold and the trend would continue if immediate interventions are not taken for its reversion amid rapid urbanization and current consumption patterns of individuals. The concept of circular economy (CE) can contribute to a paradigm shift in the transformation of the traditional linear approach that does not favour reuse, recycle, recovery concept. Modern and proven waste management practices with collection systems, recycling facilities, sanitary landfills, and waste-to-energy (WtE) and nutrient recovery offer opportunities to improve urban environment through the valorization of waste and by-products in a CE. This study scrutinizes the existing literature on the assessment of circularity and helps to develop a unified circularity framework in the management of MSW in cities. Key aspects such as tools for measuring circularity, nexus and trade-offs, and conditions in promoting CE are discussed. Finally, this paper elucidates the need for circularity, including enablers and inhibitors for promoting circularity in the management of MSW with a case study in the city of Curitiba, Brazil.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Selected Waste-To-Energy Technologies and Suitability for Oman

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wajeeha A. Qazi ◽  
Mohammed F.M. Abushammala
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Waste Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Set Up

The fast economic development and urbanization caused rapid increase of waste generation worldwide. Oman produced 1.5 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) in 2012 which is expected to elevate to 1.89 million tons in 2030. This rapid increase needs to be tackled to reduce the generation rates along with the environmental impacts it imposes. Currently in Oman other than recycling there are no treatment facilities, and therefore dumping waste into the landfill is the only and ultimate way to dispose solid waste. Thus this research aims present the process and specific aspects of Waste-To-Energy (WTE) technologies and determine the suitable technology for Oman depending on its waste composition and characteristics. In conclusion, the waste characteristics shows the potential to set up a WTE technology in Oman which will help to reduce the amount of waste, greenhouse gas emissions, developing and maintaining costs of landfills, and tackle the issue of portable water by using the produced energy for seawater desalination.

scholarly journals Instrument Development On Measuring Malaysian Households’ Intention To Practise Solid Waste Segregation-At-Source

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5C) ◽  
pp. 1390-1400
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Environmental Knowledge ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Descriptive Norm ◽  
Injunctive Norm ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Waste Segregation

The grade of the environment is gradually declining especially when it comes to the severe problem of solid waste. It has become a challenging burden for many large metropolitan heterogeneous areas in most of the developing countries. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between households’ attitude, descriptive norm and injunctive norm with intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source and to ascertain the mediating effect of environmental concern and moderating effect of environmental knowledge between households’ attitude, descriptive norm and injunctive norm with intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source. The instrument is then validated from four main aspects: face validity, content validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity. After the validation process, the pre-test of this research instrument is conducted among 30 Malaysian households. All the statements have been adjusted after reliability and validity test. The final version of the instrument is set in both closed and open format which consists of eight sections: respondent’s particulars (11 items), general questions on solid waste segregation-at-source (7 items), attitude (14 items), descriptive norm (12 items), injunctive norm (12 items), environmental concern (three subparts and 12 items), environmental knowledge (25 items) and intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source (8 items). The instrument can further be used to examine other similar research areas such as sustainable consumption, recycling as well as solid waste management.

Treatment of a complex landfill leachate with peat

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Iron Manganese

The use of cheap, locally available peat as a treatment method for landfill leachate was investigated by passing leachate through plexiglass columns filled with an amorphous-granular peat. Preliminary adjustment of pH showed that reducing pH to 4.8 dramatically reduced adsorption. Increasing the pH to 8.4, metal removal was increased owing to filtration of precipitated metals. The best adsorption of metals occurred at the 'natural' pH of 7.1. Manganese was found to be the limiting pollutant. At the 0.05 mg/ℓ maximum acceptable manganese concentration 94% of the total metals were removed, requiring 159 kg of peat per 1000 ℓ of leachate.Resting the peat for 1 month did significantly increase removal capacity.Desorption of some contaminants occurred when water was percolated through the peat. The desorption test effluent was not toxic to fish although iron, lead and COD (chemical oxygen demand) exceeded acceptable values.Chemical pretreatment using lime and ferric chloride achieved significant iron, manganese and calcium removals. Chemical pretreatment followed by peat adsorption offered no advantage other than reducing toxicity to fish.Peat treatment alone was effective in reducing concentrations to a level that was non-toxic to fish.

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