scholarly journals Elemental Characteristics of Respirable Particulate Matter in the Urban Atmosphere of Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-328
Author(s):  
Sohni Sinha ◽  
Rajdeo Kumar ◽  
Amit Ranjan Kumar ◽  
Vignesh Prabhu ◽  
Ram Pravesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Respirable Particulate

To evaluate the ambient air quality of the Dehradun city, respirable particulate matter was collected using respirable dust sampler (RDS) and analysed for the heavy metal content using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The morphology of particulates were determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the elemental composition was determined through SEM- energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Particulate matter mass concentration ranged from 65.00 µg m-3 to 337.33 µg m-3. Quantified heavy metals in particulate matter were Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Cobalt (Co), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd). The order of concentration of heavy metals were found to be in the trend of Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Ni>Mn>Co>Cd. Maximum concentration of PM10 was found at commercial site during summer, winter and monsoon season. Enrichment factor analysis showed substantial contribution of anthropogenic activities on PM10. Source apportionment (varimax rotated factor analysis method) showed dominance of incineration and uncontrolled burning of waste and refuses, resuspended dust with vehicular emission and crustal sources as the dominant sources in Dehradun. Plantation drive strategy have major role in ambient particulate matter mitigation measures and carbon sequestration from climate change and global problem worldwide. This study will be help to mitigate or decrease the load of air pollution by the using of various trees for sustainable human development on the marvellous earth planet.

scholarly journals Assessment of sources and distribution metals in groundwater of Pondicherry region, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-53
Author(s):  
Thilagavathi R ◽  
Chidambaram S ◽  
Thivya C ◽  
Banajarani Panda ◽  
Ganesh N
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
North East ◽  
Study Results ◽  
South West Monsoon

The proposed study investigates the seasonal variation in the concentration and the source of the heavy metals like Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn and Fe in the groundwater samples of Pondicherry region. The study results reveal that, the heavy metal concentration is high during South West Monsoon season (SWM) compared to that of North East Monsoon season (NEM). The pH was near neutral and metal load representing most of the samples were low during NEM. Statistical analysis shows that the 63.7 % of the total variance is observed during NEM and 68.9% during SWM. Geographic information system (GIS) tool was considered for the study to understand the environmental pollution status of the groundwater systems of the study area and to identify the groundwater quality parameters. The multivariate statistical analysis explains that the source of trace metal in the groundwater is derived from natural origin except copper and lead as these contaminants were derived from anthropogenic activities. Based on the output of WATEQ4F, several species of heavy metals exist, in which the dominant species are Mn, CuCl2, PbCO3, Fe and Zn.

scholarly journals Large global variations in measured airborne metal concentrations driven by anthropogenic sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob McNeill ◽  
Graydon Snider ◽  
Crystal L. Weagle ◽  
Brenna Walsh ◽  
Paul Bissonnette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Metal Concentrations

AbstractGlobally consistent measurements of airborne metal concentrations in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are important for understanding potential health impacts, prioritizing air pollution mitigation strategies, and enabling global chemical transport model development. PM2.5 filter samples (N ~ 800 from 19 locations) collected from a globally distributed surface particulate matter sampling network (SPARTAN) between January 2013 and April 2019 were analyzed for particulate mass and trace metals content. Metal concentrations exhibited pronounced spatial variation, primarily driven by anthropogenic activities. PM2.5 levels of lead, arsenic, chromium, and zinc were significantly enriched at some locations by factors of 100–3000 compared to crustal concentrations. Levels of metals in PM2.5 and PM10 exceeded health guidelines at multiple sites. For example, Dhaka and Kanpur sites exceeded the US National Ambient Air 3-month Quality Standard for lead (150 ng m−3). Kanpur, Hanoi, Beijing and Dhaka sites had annual mean arsenic concentrations that approached or exceeded the World Health Organization’s risk level for arsenic (6.6 ng m−3). The high concentrations of several potentially harmful metals in densely populated cites worldwide motivates expanded measurements and analyses.

scholarly journals Seasonal distribution and drivers of surface fine particulate matter and organic aerosol over the Indo-Gangetic Plain

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 10881-10909
Author(s):  
Caterina Mogno ◽  
Paul I. Palmer ◽  
Christoph Knote ◽  
Fei Yao ◽  
Timothy J. Wallington
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

Abstract. The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) is home to 9 % of the global population and is responsible for a large fraction of agricultural crop production in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. Levels of fine particulate matter (mean diameter <2.5 µm, PM2.5) across the IGP often exceed human health recommendations, making cities across the IGP among the most polluted in the world. Seasonal changes in the physical environment over the IGP are dominated by the large-scale south Asian monsoon system that dictates the timing of agricultural planting and harvesting. We use the WRF-Chem model to study the seasonal anthropogenic, pyrogenic, and biogenic influences on fine particulate matter and its constituent organic aerosol (OA) over the IGP that straddles Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh during 2017–2018. We find that surface air quality during pre-monsoon (March–May) and monsoon (June–September) seasons is better than during post-monsoon (October–December) and winter (January–February) seasons, but all seasonal mean values of PM2.5 still exceed the recommended levels, so that air pollution is a year-round problem. Anthropogenic emissions influence the magnitude and distribution of PM2.5 and OA throughout the year, especially over urban sites, while pyrogenic emissions result in localised contributions over the central and upper parts of IGP in all non-monsoonal seasons, with the highest impact during post-monsoon seasons that correspond to the post-harvest season in the agricultural calendar. Biogenic emissions play an important role in the magnitude and distribution of PM2.5 and OA during the monsoon season, and they show a substantial contribution to secondary OA (SOA), particularly over the lower IGP. We find that the OA contribution to PM2.5 is significant in all four seasons (17 %–30 %), with primary OA generally representing the larger fractional contribution. We find that the volatility distribution of SOA is driven mainly by the mean total OA loading and the washout of aerosols and gas-phase aerosol precursors that result in SOA being less volatile during the pre-monsoon and monsoon season than during the post-monsoon and winter seasons.

scholarly journals Phyto-Cleaning of Particulate Matter from Polluted Air by Woody Plant Species in the Near-Desert City of Jodhpur (India) and the Role of Heme Oxygenase in Their Response to PM Stress Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Popek ◽  
Lovely Mahawar ◽  
Gyan Singh Shekhawat ◽  
Arkadiusz Przybysz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Tall Tree ◽  
Indian City ◽  
New Finding ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Growing Conditions

Abstract Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most dangerous pollutants in the air. Urban vegetation, especially trees and shrubs, accumulate PM and reduce its concentration in ambient air. The aim of this study was to examine 10 tree and shrub species common for the Indian city of Jodhpur (Rajasthan) located on the edge of the Thar Desert and determine: (1) the accumulation of surface and in-wax PM (both in three different size fractions), (2) the amount of epicuticular waxes on foliage, (3) the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd and Cu) on/in the leaves of the examined species, and (4) the level of heme oxygenase enzyme in leaves that accumulate PM and heavy metals. Among the investigated species, F. religiosa and C. myxa accumulated the greatest amount of total PM. F. religiosa is a tall tree with a lush, large crown and leaves with wavy edge, convex veins and long petioles, while C. myxa have hairy leaves with convex veins. The lowest PM accumulation was recorded for drought resistant S. persica and A. indica, which is probably due to their adaptation to growing conditions. Heavy metals (Cu and Cd) were found in the leaves of almost every examined species. The accumulation of heavy metals (especially Cu) was positively correlated with the amount of PM deposited on the foliage. A new finding of this study indicated a potentially important role of HO in the plants’ response to PM-induced stress. The correlation between HO and PM was stronger than that between HO and HMs. The results obtained in this study emphasise the role of plants in cleaning polluted air in conditions where there are very high concentrations of PM.

scholarly journals Ambient air quality of Katra Town (J&K): A Study with Reference to atmospheric particulates

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Anil K. Raina ◽  
Anita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
The Impact

The monitoring of ambient air quality of Katra (one of the important town of Jammu from economic as well as religious point of view), at selected locations of residential areas, commercial areas and traffic crossings with respect to particulate matter (both respirable and non-respirable) has been conducted for a period of two years i.e. July 2010 – June 2012. Large variations in ambient particulate matter concentrations have been observed throughout the study period. Seasonally, the particulate matter exhibited low values during monsoon period and high values during post-monsoon period. The concentration of particulates (both respirable and non-respirable) in post monsoon season exceeded the concentrations than that of other seasons at most of the sites, thereby signifying the impact of local factors on pollutant concentrations, besides the impact of meteorological factors. Higher concentrations have been recorded in the year 2011-2012 as compared to 2010-2011 at all the sites except traffic crossings.

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