scholarly journals ORGANIZATION OF COAL DISTRIBUTION IN PGG

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 496-502
Author(s):  
Ewelina Włodarczyk ◽  
Aurelia Rybak
Keyword(s):  
Coal Industry ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Common Solution ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
New Business ◽  
Distribution Process ◽  
Coal Market ◽  
Number Of Customers

Motivation: The aim of this article is to show how the distribution of hard coal (and energy fuels) is organized in one of the largest coal companies in Europe. The analyzed company merged (1.04.2017) with Katowicki Holding Węglowy to form a new business entity. These actions have changed the organizational structure of the companies.Problem statement: During the planning of the hard coal distribution the specific nature of the coal industry must be taken into account. First of all, an analysis of the hard coal sales time series reveals a regularity of this phenomenon. The increased consumption of this fuel is clearly marked in the winter. As a result, mining companies are not able to eliminate sales and production seasonality due to natural causes. Therefore, in order to adapt to variable market conditions mining companies must manage production and distribution in order to survive the period of reduced demand, but also to meet the increased demand when needed.Approach and results: To examine the company's newly established structure a document analysis method was used. This study allowed to clarify the hard coal market in terms of marketing and to divide it on the basis of the coal consumption level. Two groups of customers, i.e. large customers and so-called small customers have been identified. The distribution channels of hard coal have been analyzed, as well as the methods of coal carriage to individual customers. The analysis of documents shows that small customers are the primary recipients of broken coal and small quantities of pea and rice coal. In the case of the coal distribution to small customers the most common solution is merchant participation. The role of the merchant is to reach the largest number of customers and to reduce seasonal fluctuations. The delivery of coal is usually carried out for those buyers by road transport.Conclusions: The conducted research allowed to clarify the hard coal market in terms of marketing and to divide it based on the level of hard coal consumption. Analysis of coal distribution was carried out in order to enable future modifications of the company's distribution process using geomarketing tools such as for example geocoding, Voronoi polygons, and geoprocessing.

Raw Materialism and Socioeconomic Change in the Coal Industry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Ciccantell ◽  
Paul K. Gellert
Keyword(s):  
Coal Industry ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Coal Production ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
China And India ◽  
Historical Materialist ◽  
Produce Steel

In the midst of activist, citizen, and policymaker concerns about and advocacy for the end of coal as a fuel, this chapter takes a long-term historical-materialist perspective on energy and society relations. The historical evolution of coal commodity chains from mines in global peripheries to consumption in world-system cores through four periods of attempted and real hegemonic ascent (British, US, Japanese, and Chinese) are addressed. This analysis from the nineteenth century to 2015 demonstrates that generative sectors based on coal helped drive economic ascent in all four of these cases. Further, coal remains critical for aspiring powers, notably China and India, to produce steel and electricity. China’s and India’s combined coal consumption drove a near doubling of global hard coal production between 2000 and 2015, despite declining coal use in the OECD countries. The medium-term future of coal is therefore far from certain, despite environmental costs and concerns.

scholarly journals Market Capacity of Coal for Heating and its Regional Differentiation as a Basis for Making Directions of Marketing Activities of Mining Companies in a Segment of Individual Customers

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Paweł Bogacz
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Competitive Situation ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Market Capacity ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Coal Market ◽  
Individual Client ◽  
Annual Capacity

Abstract The article describes the importance of individual client in making level of demand for hard coal in Poland, and points to lack of use this potential by Polish hard coal producers. These arguments were derived firstly on the basis of analysis of the present structure of the hard coal market in Poland, including terms of the competitive situation. Secondly were taken into account characteristics of the level of demand for the product generated by the segment of individual clients. First of all the author focused on the second element, indicating the size and capacity of the quantitative and valuable part of the market for the year 2013. These analyses were carried out on the national level and in terms of individual provinces. In this way the level of the annual capacity of individual clients in Poland is 19.25 million Mg of hard coal. Taking into account prices of coal, calculation of the capacity of value is equal to 15.6 billion złoty per year. In regional terms the author also identified the most attractive in terms of capacity volumes and values Polish province, which included Mazowieckie and Silesia.

The Trend toward Total Quality Managment in Australian Coal Mining

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-340
Author(s):  
J.T. Jeffreys
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
The Face ◽  
Coal Market ◽  
Australian Coal ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing

The paper examines the trends and techniques now being adopted by the Australian coal mining industry to improve efficiency and competitiveness in the face of an increasingly difficult international and domestic coal market. Quality Assurance certification to internationally accepted standards has been gained by some operators whilst many more companies are implementing varied forms of Total Quality Control concepts. These concepts now so well established in traditional manufacturing industries, have not previously been associated with the vagaries of the coal industry but are now being pursued by many in an effort to gain or retain a competitive edge. The paper also explains some of the actual processes being undertaken by the mining companies and outlines some of the systems being developed and utilised to undertake preliminary analysis and evaluation of existing and proposed management systems prior to implementing TQC systems.

scholarly journals Trends in the consumption of hard coal in Polish households compared to EU households

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Stala-Szlugaj
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Rate Of Decline

Abstract Due to the important role of hard coal in the Polish residential sector, the article traced the changes that have occurred in the use of this fuel in the European Union and in Poland in the years 1990–2014. Throughout the European Union, hard coal has an important place in the structure of primary energy consumption. In the years 1990–2014, primary energy consumption in the European Union (calculated for all 28 Member States) has changed between 1507 and 1722 million toe. Between 2014 and 1990, there was a decrease of primary energy consumption, and the average rate of decline amounted to −0.2%. According to Council Directive 2013/12/EU, by the year 2020 energy consumption throughout the EU is expected to be no more than 1483 Mtoe of primary energy, and already in 2014 total primary energy consumption in the EU28 was higher than assumed by this target by only about 24 million toe (2%). Actions taken to protect the climate result in reducing the consumption of hard coal in the European Union. Between 1990 and 2014, the consumption of hard coal decreased by 41% (a decrease of 126 million toe), and the average rate of decline in consumption of this fuel amounted to −2.1%. Throughout the EU, households are not as significant a consumer of hard coal, as in Poland. Although EU28’s coal consumption in this sector in the years 1990 to 2014 varied between 6.5–15.8 million toe, its share in the overall consumption of this fuel usually maintained at around 3–5%. The changing fuel mix, closing of mines or gradual extinction of coal mining, environmental policy of the individual countries meant that coal has lost its position in some of them. Analyzing the structure of hard coal consumption by households in the EU28 countries in the years 1900 to 2014, one may notice that the leaders are those countries that have their own coal mines. Due to the structure of consumption of hard coal by the customers, the article discussed two countries: Poland and Great Britain in greater detail. In 1990, Poland (50%) and Britain (18%) were close leaders, and twenty-five years later, only Poland has remained in first place (84%) and Great Britain has fallen to fourth place (4%). Between 2014 and 1990, the consumption of hard coal by the British residential sector decreased by 88% to only 0.3 million toe. In the case of Poland, it admittedly decreased by 6%, but still exceeds 6 million toe. The decrease in hard coal consumption in Great Britain was largely a consequence of The Clean Air Act introduced in 1956. In Britain, the process of replacing coal with other fuels (mostly natural gas) lasted several decades. Domestic coal was replaced with another mainly domestic resource – natural gas which ensured the security of its supply. The article also describes the households in the European Union and in Poland. The overall housing stock was taken into account, together with the distribution of population according to the degree of urbanization. Regulations that have a significant impact on the consumption of energy in the European Union were also discussed.

Five Fundamental Trends of Global Energy Sector, European Green Deal as Deterrents to Development of Mining and Energy Sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Plakitkin ◽  
L.S. Plakitkina
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
The World

As part of the Paris Agreement on climate change, Russia has made a commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 70% by 2030 (compared to the 1990 level) with account for maximum carbon sequestration capacity of forests and other ecosystems. Implementation of the Paris Agreement significantly extends the effects of the fundamental global energy sector trends on development of the energy producing sectors and results in reduced consumption of coal and other conventional energy sources. The authors identified the following five trends in development of global energy sector, i.e. increasing energy density, global energy transition, impact of local energy transitions on the global technological development, growth of energy density and labor productivity, formation of "carbon trap". The paper discusses the anticipated large technological leaps to be realized in the world economy by the middle of the XXI century. Measures and proposals on adaptation of the coal industry to the new conditions of the world economic development are presented. Among these, particular attention should be paid to the preparation of a new Coal Strategy-2050, which would include the development of a "stress scenario" of a possible reduction in coal consumption due to the decarbonisation of the global economy by 2050 and the implementation of hydrogen energy programmes by many countries.

Situation on the Global Coal Market during the Recovery of the World Economy after the COVID-19 Crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
V.B. Kondratiev
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
China And India ◽  
Coal Market

The global economic recovery in 2021 will lead to a recovery in coal demand after a significant drop in 2020 caused by the Covid-19 crisis. There is no indication that the global coal consumption will decline significantly in the coming years, as increased demand in some Asian countries will offset declines in others. Based on the assumption of a global economic recovery, experts forecast a 2.6% growth in the global coal demand in 2021, driven by an increased demand for electricity and industrial production. The economies of China, India and Southeast Asia account for most of the growth. The future of coal will largely be decided in Asia. Today, China and India account for 65% of the world's coal demand. Taking into account Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Southeast Asia, this share rises to 75%. China will be particularly influential, as it currently accounts for half of the world's coal consumption. By 2025, the European Union and the United States will account for less than 10% of global coal demand, down from 37% in 2000.

Canada's Project Lazarus: Resurrecting US Nuclear Power?

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
Carl E. Bagge
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North American ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Real Option ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
The North ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Coal Market ◽  
Coal Power

The North American coal market is healthy. It will grow in the United States because electricity use will grow; and coal is America's only real option. The Canadian coal industry will grow as well. The only competition for coal in the United States is the non-coal power of Canada. We will compete and establish a natural economic frontier along our border in the east.

scholarly journals K-pop fan labor and an alternative creative industry: A case study of GOT7 Chinese fans

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-406
Author(s):  
Meicheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
Fan Culture ◽  
Unskilled Labor ◽  
Commodification Of Culture ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Distribution Process ◽  
Depth Interviews

Korean popular music or K-pop has achieved popularity among global audiences. The uniqueness of K-pop fan culture has helped to shape the success of the K-pop industry. Through a case study of Chinese fan labor vis-à-vis K-pop male idol group GOT7, the author notes three types of K-pop fan labor: specialized labor, managerial labor, and unskilled labor. This research argues that fan labor transforms the K-pop industry into an alternative creative industry because fan labor as creative labor is an indispensable part of the K-pop industry. Fan labor is utilized to distinguish fans from non-fans, and to draw boundaries between the grateful, more enthusiastic fans and the casual self-proclaimed fans who do not contribute to fandom or their idols’ success. These Chinese K-pop fans comply with the K-pop industry’s commodification of culture, are exploited by the K-pop industry, and seek empowerment in the K-pop production and distribution process. This paper’s exploration of fan labor, based on the author’s participant observations and in-depth interviews, will thus contribute to studies on the creative industries, creative labor, fandom, and the transnational flows of popular culture.

scholarly journals The globalization of the world coal market – contradictions and trends

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 01044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yevheniia Sribna ◽  
Olena Trokhymets ◽  
Ihor Nosatov ◽  
Iryna Kriukova
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Coal Market ◽  
Coal Supply ◽  
State Subsidies

The article describes the global coal market as the ratio of demand and supply depending on the development of energy technologies in the historical section. The continental specificity of coal mining is given. The basic world exporters and importers of coal and their role in the sale of energy fuels are analyzed. The key coal producing countries are China, India, the USA, and Australia. The largest consumers of coal products are China, India, Japan and Korea. There are unconditional leaders in the export coal market: Indonesia and Australia. In addition, a comparison of large coal companies and their share in the world market is presented. The features of coal supplies are analyzed in accordance with international rules (Incoterms), which regulate the rights and obligations of the buyer when conducting international trade, as well as determine the moment of transfer of risks from the seller to the buyer. The following supply bases were characterized: FOB (Free On Board), FAS (Free Alongside Ship), CIF (Cost Insurance and Freight), DAP (Delivered At Place), FCA (Free Carrier) etc. Trends in the logistics component of the global coal industry are revealed. Logistic of coal supply chains in comparison with other energy fuels and their features are disclosed. The problem of profitability of mines and their effectiveness is presented. Assessment of the environmental components of coal use in industry and energy is analyzed. It was noted that on the background of the trend to protect the environment and promote renewable energy, coal is becoming less popular in developed countries. This trend is further exacerbated by state subsidies for green energy.

Union Bargaining Power in the Coal Industry, 1945–1981

ILR Review ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Union Power ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Union Leadership ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Union Bargaining Power ◽  
Bargaining Table

In examining the bargaining record of the coal industry since the mid-19405, this paper demonstrates that union power in this industry has fluctuated considerably over the years and then describes the reasons for that fluctuation. The author argues that the level of coal consumption has had a consistently strong effect on the balance of bargaining power throughout the postwar period and that industry profits have also influenced settlements, but to a lesser extent. In recent negotiations, the most important power factor has been the sharp decline in the percentage of coal produced by mines covered by UMW contracts. In addition, not only has pre-strike stockpiling by major consumers blunted the union's strike weapon, but also the weakness of union leadership in recent years has helped to precipitate and prolong strikes. Only the evidence on the union's democratic contract ratification procedure, adopted in 1973, is mixed: although providing a slight strategic advantage to the union on occasion, it has also led to confusion at the bargaining table and contributed to the weakness of the leadership. The author also illustrates the importance of including rule changes in measuring union power.

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