Five Fundamental Trends of Global Energy Sector, European Green Deal as Deterrents to Development of Mining and Energy Sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Plakitkin ◽  
L.S. Plakitkina
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
The World

As part of the Paris Agreement on climate change, Russia has made a commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 70% by 2030 (compared to the 1990 level) with account for maximum carbon sequestration capacity of forests and other ecosystems. Implementation of the Paris Agreement significantly extends the effects of the fundamental global energy sector trends on development of the energy producing sectors and results in reduced consumption of coal and other conventional energy sources. The authors identified the following five trends in development of global energy sector, i.e. increasing energy density, global energy transition, impact of local energy transitions on the global technological development, growth of energy density and labor productivity, formation of "carbon trap". The paper discusses the anticipated large technological leaps to be realized in the world economy by the middle of the XXI century. Measures and proposals on adaptation of the coal industry to the new conditions of the world economic development are presented. Among these, particular attention should be paid to the preparation of a new Coal Strategy-2050, which would include the development of a "stress scenario" of a possible reduction in coal consumption due to the decarbonisation of the global economy by 2050 and the implementation of hydrogen energy programmes by many countries.

PREREQUISITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR ENERGY IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
E. V. YANUSIK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Energy Consumption

The article discusses the main prerequisites for the development of nuclear energy in the global econo-my, also defines nuclear energy and discusses the structure of global energy consumption. The article proves that the crucial prerequisite for the development of nuclear energy in the world market is the economic efficiency of nuclear power plants.

Moda na genealogię. Rynek usług i produktów genealogicznych na przykładzie firmy Your Roots in Poland

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Karolina Szlęzak ◽  
◽  
Kinga Urbańska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
User Profiles ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Digitized Documents ◽  
Genealogical Information

An interest in the fate of ancestors influences the overall way we perceive the past, above all, how we understand history through their prism. The title fashion for genealogy is inextricably linked with technological development - quick access to historical sources published on the Internet. Provision of this type of service has become an important element of the global economy. Global genealogy websites have billions of user profiles, indexed and digitized documents in their databases. Genealogists around the world organize into groups, associations, to structure the process by which genealogical information is more accessible. Genealogical DNA tests are also becoming more and more popular - they help to go back much further in the family history than the preserved written sources allow. Genealogy is also a field of science that is increasingly present in traditional media as well as in scientific discourse - it is the subject of symposia, conferences and scientific publications both local and international. The Polish market of genealogy services is much smaller than the American market, but also consists of thriving organizations and commercial companies. One of them is Your Roots in Poland, which presents the entire range of this type of services offered in our country.

scholarly journals Impact of basic risks, sanctions and adverse market conditions on the coal industry development in Russia over the period to 2040. Part II: Impact of risks and sanctions on the coal industry, and efficiency of the industry advancement scenarios in the post-crisis period

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Plakitkin ◽  
◽  
L. S. Plakitkina ◽  
K. I. Dyachenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Coal Production ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
Risk Scenarios ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The external and internal challenges discussed in Part I of this article in Gornyi Zhurnal Issue 10, 2020, which are risk-critical for the coal industry of Russia, became a framework for the assessment of the impact exerted on the industry by sanctions and adverse conjuncture, as well as for the performance evaluation of the industry advancement scenarios. The maximum impact on the coal industry in Russia is exerted by risks connected with the coal market slump in the world. Furthermore, in recent years, coal demand suffers from depression due to some economical and technological development conditions in the world economy. The ecological pressure on the coal industry is also dynamized. Alongside with risks connected with the adverse conjuncture on the international and domestic markets, including risks of the limited market access, the increasingly higher importance is attached to the risks connected with sanctions imposed on the Russian economy. At the present time, the future of the coal industry in Russia is greatly uncertain. The governmental policy documents introduce a wide range of advancement routes for the coal industry with regard to potential risks. To find more accurate output margins in coal production, prediction and assessment of risk impact on the coal industry is required. The calculation of the risk impact on the coal industry using ERI/RAS model Riskugol shows that sanctions have never exerted any influence on the volumes of coal production and export in Russia. However, accretion of sanctions can appreciably reduce potentialities of the future advancement in the coal industry. The coal industry advancement scenarios are developed and used to assess the industry performance over the period to 2040. Despite higher efficiency of risk scenarios, they also feature higher social risks. Innovativity of the risk scenarios, which drastically improves labor efficiency in the industry, results in layoff and reduction of employees. To counterpoise social risks in the industry over the whole prediction period (even with regard to retirement rate), it is required to create 35–40 thousands of new jobs. This study has been partly supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of R&D Project No. 18-010-00467 Development of Economic Indicators and Production Data for the Coal Industry Development in Russia up to 2035 with the Changing Vector of Global Technological Innovation due to Implementation of Industry 4.0 Program.

scholarly journals CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE IN LATVIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Sandra Ežmale
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Modern Information Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Levels

<p>The electronic commerce has become an integral part of the global economy during the last decade. The most obvious indication of the importance of electronic commerce in the world economy is rapidly increasing Internet use in trade and other sectors. The successful growth of E-commerce promotes the use of other electronic media, as well as it is perspective for development of territories located in backcountry and remote regions. In the result of the Internet and electronic commerce technological development there can be observed changes also in the business environment. In these circumstances successful strategies applied in different levels and sectors for the implementation of the most modern information technology achievements, as well as for the development of professionals with appropriate knowledge, expertise and skills, are becoming increasingly important for the development of electronic commerce in Latvia. The article will view the current situation, will explain the main limiting factors and advantages for successful development of the electronic commerce in Latvia.</p>

Decarbonization of economy as a factor of influence on the development of coal industry of the world and Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 902-912
Author(s):  
L. S. Plakitkina ◽  
Yu. A. Plakitkin ◽  
K. I. D’yachenko
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Coking Coal ◽  
The World ◽  
Hydrogen Technologies

Decarbonization of economy, allowing to decrease so called carbon footprint – carbon dioxides emissions due to application energy sources with low carbon content, is one of effective measures to decrease greenhouse gas emissions into atmosphere. Most of countries of the world had ratified the Paris Agreement and confirmed intention to decarbonize economies. It was noted that still in 2020 many countries began to decrease coal consumption and use renewable energy sources for coal substitution for energy generation. Data on the world production of coking coal, export and import of it presented, as well as place of Russia at the world market of coking coal described. Influence of the modern climate “agenda“ in basic countries of the world on the development of coal mining shown. New standards of investment projects financing and their influence on restriction of mining and utilization of coal, considered. Also measures to decrease greenhouse emissions at the production of ferrous metallurgy products, including introduction by EC countries of carbon tariff – European border carbon tax considered. It was highlighted that application of the transborder carbon tax, hydrogen technologies and announced decarbonization can become instruments of effective impact resulting in considerable decrease of market of both energy and coking coals. In the Center of study of coal industry of the world and Russia of the Institute of energy studies two variants of forecasting of world mining of coal elaborated, taking into account existing tendency of transfer to “green” metallurgy and application of hydrogen technologies instead of coke. Due to the first variant a further expanding of steel industry capacities is provided for production of metal with stabilization by 2035 of coking coal mining at the level of 1470 million tons. Beyond the period, the world mining of coking coal most probably will slightly decrease by 2036–2040 down to 1390 million tons. According to the second variant, a decrease of coking coal consumption will take place due to decrease of steel production volumes and due to the transfer to metallurgy decarbonization, implementation of “green” energetics and hydrogen technologies. This variant is characterized by systemic decrease of coking coal mining by 2036–2040 down to 580 million tons.

Covid-kriza kao izazov za strukturne promene u energetici – na globalnom i nacionalnom nivou

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Petar Đukić ◽  
◽  
Slaviša Đukanović
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Intensity Increase ◽  
The World

COVID-19 pandemic is realizing a deep recession of the global economy, income fall as well as the increase of unemployment and many enforced inter/sectorial changes. The crisis hits the sector of personal services more than other sectors (especially tourism, transport, catering) but also most branches of industries and manufacturing. Energy sector was damaged less or more, depending on the branch or technology, and fall of energy demand. It seems that the global economic recovery, nevertheless it could be in 2021 or later, will cause the high demand energy increase. The world will probably again be faced with choice of unsustainable and risky growth as previously, or sustainable growth and development. The actual dominant growth model is based on increasing material resources exploiting, negative externalities increasing (especially pollution) and very dangerous climate changes. The main contribution of climate changes to climate changes and greenhouse gases (GHG) emission is given by energy sector. If the energy sector would be developed like before in continuity with previous practice, this may lead to the strong energy intensity increase. The alternative way of fundamental restructuring is more difficult, but much more globally effective in developmental (economic, technology and environmental) sense. Serbia could remediate some short-term recession, but its official apply for high growth rate just after one-year recession, based on previous economy and energy structure, can be very dangerous, risky and unacceptable deception. However, inefficient public sector in general expensive public administration environment in combination with extremely dirty and inefficient energy could remove away the Serbian energetics from the modernization and reform process, which could worsen public health and environmental safety. On the other hand, energy reform and deep structural changes based on the green and circular economy, could give the opportunity for the quality growth and sustainable development after COVID-crisis. Today tipping point to economic flaws after the immunization-vaccination beginning, in Serbia, as all over the world, could be used for the designing unavoidable system strategic and structural policies and measures of sustainable energy.

Contemporary Concerns of Digital Divide in an Information Society

2011 ◽  
pp. 722-727
Author(s):  
Yasmin Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
World Information

The social issue of the “digital divide” has courted much political and scholarly attention in the last decade. There is, however, less consensus over the origin of the term, even though it is generally associated with the advancement and diffusion of information technology. According to Jan Steyaert and Nick Gould (2004), the concept of the digital divide is believed to have gained media and academic currency in the mid-1990s. In 1998, the United Nations labelled the digital divide as a new type of poverty that was dividing the world (cf. Hubregtse, 2005). A UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) report in 1999 (cf. Norris, 2000) stated that “the network society is creating parallel communications systems” that increase the divisions between rich and poor nations (p.3). The term, in effect, captures the social inequality of access to technology, particularly the Internet, as well as the long-term consequences of this inequality for nations and societies. The significance of the term is embedded within the notion of an information society, where information is an important component of the global economy in terms of production, development, and social enrichment of societies and nations. The diffusion of technologies, such as the Internet, has meant the surfacing of various social issues including technology’s impact on society, its relationship with older media forms, and its immediate impact on people’s social and political lives (Robinson, 2003, p. i). New technologies, such as the Internet, are seen as transforming the globe into an information society with the ability to promote new forms of social identity and social networks while decentralizing power (Castells, 1996, p. 2001). Robin and Webster (1999, p. 91), nevertheless, are of the view that the contextualization of the digital divide debates within the issue of information revolution is misleading, for it “politicises the process of technological development by framing it as a matter of shift in the availability of and access of information.” The term digital divide conveys the broader context of international social and economic relations and in particular, the centre-periphery power configuration marked by American dominance over the rest of the world (Chen & Wellman, 2004, p. 41). In fact, rhetoric and literature on technology and information have always emphasized this divide (see Galtung & Ruge, 1965), not to mention the debates that were sparked in the 1980s by UNESCO’s proclamation of the New World Information Order (cf. Norris, 2000). The term has been analysed both at global and regional levels, and has involved the investigation of socioeconomic contexts, global governance, policy issues, as well as cultural elements. The analysis of the digital divide on a global level may entail comparisons of large regions, between developed and developing countries, and between rural and urban areas. In modern consciousness, the phrase captures the disadvantages and inequalities of those who lack access or refrain from using ICTs in their everyday lives (Cullen, 2003).

The Fourth Energy Transition and Development of Energy Sector in Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 735
Author(s):  
Assem S. BAKTYMBET ◽  
Saule S. BAKTYMBET ◽  
Rakymzhan K. YELSHIBAYEV ◽  
Galiya S. UKUBASSOVA ◽  
Aisara S. BAKTYMBET
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
The World

The relevance of the subject matter is conditioned upon the fact that currently the main direction of global energy development is already clearly visible: under the influence of changes in energy policy and the development of new technologies, the world is entering the stage of the fourth energy transition to the widespread use of renewable energy sources and displacement of fossil fuels. The development of Kazakhstan's economy requires the transition of energy towards clean and safe renewable sources, which will let the country build a new strong economy and break out of the long-running socio-economic decline, help the international community solve the problem of climate change and improve the safety and welfare of its citizens. The purpose of the study: The purpose of the paper is to develop recommendations for the development of Kazakhstan's energy industry at a new stage in the fundamental transformation of the global energy system. Leading approach to researching the problem. The leading methods of researching the problems of the paper include the analysis of theoretical sources, analysis of statistics, and comparison. Analysis of statistical indicators plays a crucial role in the study, since data on the development of Kazakhstan's energy industry can be directly obtained from statistical databases. The results of the study. The paper discusses the essence of the fourth energy transition, its main aspects, explores renewable energy sources, identifies the features and problems of Kazakhstan's energy industry, and develops ways to solve them. Prospects for further research. To implement the modern provisions of the fourth energy transition in Kazakhstan, it is necessary to use a systematic approach. The basic elements of such a transition are the introduction of renewable energy and energy efficiency (the intensification of reducing the energy intensity of goods and services). The materials of the paper are of practical value for the development of Kazakhstan’s energy during the period of fundamental structural transformations of the world energy sector.  

scholarly journals Development of foreign economic activity of ukrainian enterprises under conditions of economic globalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

In today’s globalized world, international trade, which covers the totality of foreign trade of all countries of the world, is a powerful force of economic development. The economic development of any country is impossible without its active participation in trade relations with other countries of the world. The rapid formation of the global economy contributes to the emergence of a number of opportunities for both large and small businesses. The article considers both advantages and disadvantages of globalization of economy. The article claims that in the current conditions of technological development and rapid integration processes, it is necessary to take into account results of globalization, while forming an effective state policy regarding the realization of foreign trade activities. The country participating in the system of global economic relations should have competitive advantages and improve its competitiveness in order to avoid the impact of negative factors. The article reveals the current state of the development of Ukraine’s foreign trade with other countries of the world, as well as explores Ukraine’s exports and imports structure. Despite a significant increase in the cost of exporting goods and services to the world, Ukraine is still an import-dependent country. The currency liberalization contributed to the reduction of prejudice from foreign counterparties, investors and banks, which allowed Ukrainian enterprises to operate fully in foreign markets, which resulted in a significant reduction in the negative foreign trade balance of the country. The new currency law has provided Ukraine with a base for free capital movement, which brought the country closer to European standards. However, despite significant easing in foreign exchange regulation, Ukrainian manufacturers continue to face a number of both internal and external obstacles to boosting their export activity. The article defines further ways of development of foreign economic activity of domestic enterprises in the conditions of globalization. It has been established that the stable development of the economy is possible only in the conditions of maintaining its openness and rapid development of foreign trade.

Membrane Reactor Based Hydrogen Separation from Biomass Gas -- A Review of Technical Advancements and Prospects

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron Smith ◽  
Murthy Shekhar Shantha
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
The World ◽  
Promising Source

The world is bound to make a gradual shift from a hydrocarbon economy towards a hydrogen economy. This shift is being facilitated by the technological development in hydrogen energy that is occurring around the world. Gasification of biomass for generating biomass synthesis gas is a promising source for the distributed power generation concept as it is based on the local raw material supply. This concept has to be augmented by hydrogen fuel cell technology for modular, efficient and environmentally benign implementation. This provides the platform for looking at the option of separating hydrogen from biomass synthesis gas which is composed of H2, N2, CO, CO2, CH4, Tar, alkali traces and particulate matter at varying compositions depending on the biomass and operating conditions. This paper makes a critical review of the attempts made to reform and separate hydrogen through a hydrogen permeable membrane reformer reactor as it provides the energy efficient route. The feasibility and various membranes from palladium to ceramic membranes used in the reactor configurations and the engineering problems of the reactor will be analyzed. The inherent problems in providing a one shot modular solution for solving the problem will be discussed in the paper.

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