scholarly journals Prevention Of Chronic Renal Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fejzi Alushi ◽  
Nestor Thereska
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chronic Kidney Insufficiency ◽  
Kidney Insufficiency ◽  
Entire Society ◽  
Congenital Kidney Anomalies ◽  
Contemporary Medicine

It is easier to prevent a disease than to cure it. This postulate is a foundation stone of the contemporary medicine, furthermore its mission. The Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD), amongst them the Chronic Pyelonephrites (CP) and the mass kidney reduction  take an important  place in human pathologies in general, and in particular in renal ones. The Chronic Pyelonephrites  are chronic renal pathologies, which on one side are of various causes and on the other side are multi systemic. At the same time they tend, earlier or later, depending on their course, to bring the patient towards the Chronic Kidney Insufficiency  in stage of uremia, consequently in need of substitution therapies e.g. dialysis, peritoneum dialysis or transplant. It is worthy to emphasize that from the prevention and correct cure of CP make profit the patients, the family, the state and in the last analyses  the entire society, because in that way the budget expense destined for the fore going substitution cures, dialysis, peritoneum dialysis or transplant, is considerably  reduced. The same should be mentioned  in relation to the CP and the mass kidney reduction, speaking about our country, which are still at the first place as the very cause of Chronic Kidney  Insufficiencies (CRI), later on advancing toward uremia and terminal uremia along with its grave consequences. In general  the very foundation of the CP is on  the  infections of urinary roads, in particular on the complicated ones, among them it should be mentioned-congenital kidney anomalies, renal calculosis  so much present in our country, and pathologies of segment or vesical-ureteral reflux, and rarely the pathologies of prostate.

The Role of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Axis in Renal Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Hamdan ◽  
Lisa A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
The Family ◽  
Soluble Species ◽  
And Function

Excessive infiltration of immune cells into the kidney is a key feature of acute and chronic kidney diseases. The family of chemokines are key drivers of this process. CX3CL1 (fractalkine) is one of two unique chemokines synthesized as a transmembrane protein which undergoes proteolytic cleavage to generate a soluble species. Through interacting with its cognate receptor, CX3CR1, CX3CL1 was originally shown to act as a conventional chemoattractant in the soluble form, and as an adhesion molecule in the transmembrane form. Since then, other functions of CX3CL1 beyond leukocyte recruitment have been described, including cell survival, immunosurveillance, and cell-mediated cytotoxicity. This review summarizes diverse roles of CX3CL1 in kidney disease and potential uses as a therapeutic target and novel biomarker. As the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis has been shown to contribute to both detrimental and protective effects in various kidney diseases, a thorough understanding of how the expression and function of CX3CL1 are regulated is needed to unlock its therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals Characterization of IL-19, -20, and -24 in acute and chronic kidney diseases reveals a pro-fibrotic role of IL-24

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Domonkos Pap ◽  
Apor Veres-Székely ◽  
Beáta Szebeni ◽  
Réka Rokonay ◽  
Anna Ónody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Tgf Β1

Abstract Background Recently, the role of IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24 has been reported in renal disorders. However, still little is known about their biological role. Methods Localization of IL-20RB was determined in human biopsies and in the kidneys of mice that underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Renal Il19, Il20 and Il24 expression was determined in ischemia/reperfusion, lipopolysaccharide, streptozotocin, or UUO induced animal models of kidney diseases. The effects of H2O2, LPS, TGF-β1, PDGF-B and IL-1β on IL19, IL20 and IL24 expression was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The extents of extracellular matrix (ECM) and α-SMA, Tgfb1, Pdgfb, and Ctgf expression were determined in the kidneys of Il20rb knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice following UUO. The effect of IL-24 was also examined on HK-2 tubular epithelial cells and NRK49F renal fibroblasts. Results IL-20RB was present in the renal biopsies of patients with lupus nephritis, IgA and diabetic nephropathy. Amount of IL-20RB increased in the kidneys of mice underwent UUO. The expression of Il19, Il20 and Il24 increased in the animal models of various kidney diseases. IL-1β, H2O2 and LPS induced the IL19, IL20 and IL24 expression of PBMCs. The extent of ECM, α-SMA, fibronectin, Tgfb1, Pdgfb, and Ctgf expression was lower in the kidney of Il20rb KO compared to WT mice following UUO. IL-24 treatment induced the apoptosis and TGF-β1, PDGF-B, CTGF expression of HK-2 cells. Conclusions Our data confirmed the significance of IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24 in the pathomechanism of renal diseases. Furthermore, we were the first to demonstrate the pro-fibrotic effect of IL-24.

scholarly journals Protective Renal Effects of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide: Where Are We Now?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Roberto Choi ◽  
Belisario Enrique Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
The Family ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

Atrial natriuretic peptide belongs to the family of natriuretic peptides, a system with natriuretic, diuretic, and vasodilator effects that opposes to renin-angiotensin system. In addition to its classic actions, atrial natriuretic peptide exerts a nephroprotective effect given its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, turning it as a beneficial agent against acute and chronic kidney diseases. This minireview describes the most relevant aspects of atrial natriuretic peptide in the kidney, including its renal synthesis, physiological actions through specific receptors, the importance of its metabolism, and its potential use in different pathological scenarios.

scholarly journals Extracellular Matrix in Kidney Fibrosis: More Than Just a Scaffold

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 643-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman David Bülow ◽  
Peter Boor
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Renal Fibrosis ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Kidney Fibrosis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ecm Proteins ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches

Kidney fibrosis is the common histological end-point of progressive, chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) regardless of the underlying etiology. The hallmark of renal fibrosis, similar to all other organs, is pathological deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Renal ECM is a complex network of collagens, elastin, and several glycoproteins and proteoglycans forming basal membranes and interstitial space. Several ECM functions beyond providing a scaffold and organ stability are being increasingly recognized, for example, in inflammation. ECM composition is determined by the function of each of the histological compartments of the kidney, that is, glomeruli, tubulo-interstitium, and vessels. Renal ECM is a dynamic structure undergoing remodeling, particularly during fibrosis. From a clinical perspective, ECM proteins are directly involved in several rare renal diseases and indirectly in CKD progression during renal fibrosis. ECM proteins could serve as specific non-invasive biomarkers of fibrosis and scaffolds in regenerative medicine. The gold standard and currently only specific means to measure renal fibrosis is renal biopsy, but new diagnostic approaches are appearing. Here, we discuss the localization, function, and remodeling of major renal ECM components in healthy and diseased, fibrotic kidneys and the potential use of ECM in diagnostics of renal fibrosis and in tissue engineering.

Integrated In-silico Analysis to Study the Role of microRNAs in the Detection of Chronic Kidney Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-154
Author(s):  
Amina Khan ◽  
Andleeb Zahra ◽  
Sana Mumtaz ◽  
M. Qaiser Fatmi ◽  
Muhammad J. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Kidney Development ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Functional Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of various renal diseases, including Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD). CKD refers to the gradual loss of kidney function with the declining Glomerular Functional Rate (GFR). Objective: This study focused on the regulatory mechanism of miRNA to control gene expression in CKD. Methods: In this context, two lists of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were obtained; one from the three selected experiments by setting a cutoff p-value of <0.05 (List A), and one from a list of target genes of miRNAs (List B). Both lists were then compared to get a common dataset of 33 miRNAs, each had a set of DEGs i.e. both up-regulated and down-regulated genes (List C). These data were subjected to functional enrichment analysis, network illustration, and gene homology studies. Results: This study confirmed the active participation of various miRNAs i.e. hsa -miR-15a-5p, hsa-miR-195-5p, hsa-miR-365-3p, hsa-miR-30a-5p, hsa-miR-124-3p, hsa-miR-200b-3p, and hsamiR- 429 in the dysregulation of genes involved in kidney development and function. Integrated analyses depicted that miRNAs modulated renal development, homeostasis, various metabolic processes, immune responses, and ion transport activities. Furthermore, homology studies of miRNA-mRNA hybrid highlighted the effect of partial complementary binding pattern on the regulation of genes by miRNA. Conclusion: The study highlighted the great values of miRNAs as biomarkers in kidney diseases. In addition, the need for further investigations on miRNA-based studies is also commended in the development of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools for renal diseases.

Fuzzy logic: A tool to predict the Renal diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 2598-2602
Author(s):  
Pardeep Kumar Sharma ◽  
Amit Sachdeva ◽  
Cherry Bhargava
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Intelligent Decision Support System ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Intelligent Decision ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Intelligent Decision Support

Clinical judgements can be improved by the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the routine examinations. In case of chronic kidney diseases (CKD), it is quite difficult to detect at the early stages and afterwards the patient’s condition worsens very quickly. This is only because of the non-prominent disease specific symptoms at the early stages. An early prediction of AKI and CKD with machine learning can be a key to diagnose and reduces the cost of treatment. By using medical data mining of renal patients an intelligent decision support system (DSS) is designed using MATLAB environment, which enables the user to predict the various condition with maximum accuracy of prediction; whether the disease occurs or not and if yes then what is its severity.

scholarly journals Aquaporins in Renal Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzhao He ◽  
Baoxue Yang
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Concentration Function ◽  
Urine Concentration ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Transmembrane Channels ◽  
Normal Urine ◽  
And Function ◽  
Urine Concentrating Ability

Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of highly selective transmembrane channels that mainly transport water across the cell and some facilitate low-molecular-weight solutes. Eight AQPs, including AQP1, AQP2, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, AQP6, AQP7, and AQP11, are expressed in different segments and various cells in the kidney to maintain normal urine concentration function. AQP2 is critical in regulating urine concentrating ability. The expression and function of AQP2 are regulated by a series of transcriptional factors and post-transcriptional phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and glycosylation. Mutation or functional deficiency of AQP2 leads to severe nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Studies with animal models show AQPs are related to acute kidney injury and various chronic kidney diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease, and renal cell carcinoma. Experimental data suggest ideal prospects for AQPs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in clinic. This review article mainly focuses on recent advances in studying AQPs in renal diseases.

scholarly journals Macrophage Phenotype in Kidney Injury and Repair

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ming Meng ◽  
Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Hui Yao Lan
Keyword(s):  
Renal Injury ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Macrophage Phenotype ◽  
M1 Macrophages ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Chronic Kidney Injury ◽  
Injury And Repair ◽  
And Function

Background: Glomerular and interstitial macrophage infiltration is a feature for both the acute and chronic kidney diseases. Macrophages have been shown to play a diverse role in kidney injury and repair. Thus, macrophages may be a key cell type in acute and chronic kidney injury and repair. Summary and Key Messages: During renal inflammation, circulating monocytes are recruited and then become activated and polarized. By adapting to the local microenvironment, macrophages can differentiate into different phenotypes and function as a double-bladed sword in different stages of kidney disease. In general, M1 macrophages play a pathogenic role in boosting inflammatory renal injury, whereas M2 macrophages exert an anti-inflammatory and wound healing (or profibrotic) role during renal repair. In this review, we highlight the phenotypic polarization of macrophages in renal diseases and dissect their distinct functions in renal injury and repair processes, respectively. Moreover, the current understanding of regulatory mechanisms on the phenotypic switch and macrophage-related therapy are also intensively discussed.

scholarly journals P1039BARIATRIC SURGERY AND RISKS OF RENAL DISEASES, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND MORTALITY AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Wong ◽  
Tingting Wu ◽  
Simon Wong ◽  
Betty Law ◽  
Eleanor Grieve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Chronic Renal Diseases

Abstract Background and Aims To measure and compare the risks of end-stage renal diseases (ESRD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), all-cause mortality between obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without bariatric surgery. Method A retrospective population-based cohort of 1,690 obese T2DM patients who were free of ESRD and CVD were assembled based on 2006-2017 Hospital Authority database. One-to-five propensity-score matching was used to balance baseline covariates between patients in bariatric surgery and control groups. Incidence rates (IR) of stage 4/5 chronic renal diseases, ESRD, CVD and all-cause mortality events for two groups were calculated. Hazard ratios (HR) for stage 4/5 chronic renal diseases, ESRD, CVD events were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. Changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) were measured up to 60 months. Results Over a mean follow-up period of 34 months with 863 person-years, cumulative incidences of mortality, stage 4/5 chronic kidney diseases, ESRD and CVD for surgical patients were 0, 0.050, 0.017, and 0.036, respectively. Surgical patients had reduced IR of all-cause mortality, stage 4/5 chronic kidney diseases, ESRD and CVD (IR=0, 1.784, 0.587 and 1.321 per 100 person-years, respectively) than control patients (IR=1.954, 2.028, 0.914 and 2.814 per 100 person-years, respectively). Surgery group had a significant reduction in risk of CVD events (HR=0.464, P=0.015), and no occurrence of mortality events. However, the IR of stage 4/5 chronic kidney diseases and ESRD of the two groups were not significantly different. Surgical patients had significantly higher eGFR within 12 months, and had significantly lower until 48 months. Conclusion Among obese T2DM patients, bariatric surgery lowered the risk of CVD and mortality, and was beneficial towards the kidney outcomes of eGFR up to 36 months.

scholarly journals Androgens, the kidney, and COVID-19: an opportunity for translational research

2021 ◽  
Vol 320 (2) ◽  
pp. F243-F248
Author(s):  
Licy L. Yanes Cardozo ◽  
Samar Rezq ◽  
Jacob E. Pruett ◽  
Damian G. Romero
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Sex Disparities ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Male Sex

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reached pandemic proportions, affecting millions of people worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of COVID-19. Epidemiological reports have shown that the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with preexisting comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic kidney diseases, all of which are also risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI). The kidney has emerged as a key organ affected by SARS-CoV-2. AKI is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Male sex is an independent predictor for AKI, and an increased death rate has been reported in male patients with COVID-19 worldwide. The mechanism(s) that mediate the sex discrepancy in mortality due to COVID-19 remain(s) unknown. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2 is the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Alterations in the ACE-to-ACE2 ratio have been implicated in renal diseases. This perspective aims to discuss data that suggest that androgens, via alterations in the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system, impair renal hemodynamics, predisposing patients to AKI during COVID-19 infection, which could explain the higher mortality observed in men with COVID-19. Clinicians should ensure early and effective cardiometabolic control for all patients to ameliorate the compensatory elevation of ACE2 and alterations in the ACE-to-ACE2 ratio. A better understanding of the role of androgens in SARS-CoV-2-associated AKI and mortality is imperative. The kidney could constitute a key organ that may explain the sex disparities of the higher mortality and worst outcomes associated with COVID-19 in men.

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