scholarly journals LINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF CHARTED KNITTING PATTERNS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Baiba Egle
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Time Usage ◽  
Specialized Language ◽  
And Linguistics

The paper outlines the linguistic and semiotic aspects of a specialty text – a knitting pattern. In today’s busy world, nobody wants to read long and complicated texts if it can be easier illustrated by a photograph or a charted image that uses a set of specific symbols with their own, non-arbitrary meanings to make a text reader’s time usage more effective but also clear. Aspects of signs, semiotics, and language games are also explored in alignment with knitting charts as the main reference, as a knitting chart symbol is a concrete referent in its context. Finally, the translation of knitting charts is described, including the importance of a chart key and what transformations of text have occurred in the translation of knitting charts from English into Latvian. Charted knitting patterns could become a  that could be easily transferred between different languages and cultures, helping people share their skills and heritage. Knitting and linguistics and translation studies is a new area of research that could bring many new insights about crafting and specialized language use.

Conquer and Score: A Word Formation Game for Language Learners

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Anealka Aziz Hussin ◽  
Tuan Sarifah Aini Syed Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Safe Environment ◽  
Learning Path ◽  
Derivational Morphemes ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Formation Game

Engaging students in language activities can sometimes be challenging for language educators. One of the ways to engage students in language activities is through language games. Language games can motivate students to communicate, strengthens their ability to comprehend the language and enhance their problem-solving and cognitive skills. Language games also have a vast potential to increase engagement of the students, thus lead to the creation of the Conquer & Score: The Derivational Island. It is a word formation enrichment game catering to students learning lexicology and linguistics. The topic was chosen based on the result of an online quiz on the types of morphemes. The game focuses on the derivational morphemes used to form the English language words. The game requires knowledge of morphology as well as basic lexical analysis skills. The game provides educators a fun and engaging reinforcement activity for the students. Gamification elements used in the game such as rewards, flexible learning path and progress indicator offer a safe environment for competition, which can motivate students to outdo each other to win the game. This paper also highlights some important aspects of games in learning.

The Relevance of Moore and Wittgenstein

2021 ◽  
pp. 205-222
Author(s):  
Ernest Sosa
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Games ◽  
On Certainty

Moore lays out his Defence of Common Sense in a paper so titled, and thought by Wittgenstein to be Moore’s best and that stimulated his own On Certainty. Wittgenstein there repudiates Moore’s epistemology and offers a radically different alternative. This chapter presents the gist of that alternative, while inviting the reader to compare that gist with supportive passages gather in the Appendix to the chapter. Wittgenstein is concerned with language games, with pragmatics of language use, with dialectical interplay, with what it is proper to say to someone, and with the effects of context on all of that. Moore in his relevant epistemology is largely unconcerned with such dialectical, linguistic, or contextual issues. This chapter also abstracts almost wholly from them, while remaining neutral on their substance and on their relation to more purely epistemological issues.

Political Language and Political Reality

1985 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Edelman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Social World ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Logical Positivist ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The Social

The most incisive twentieth century students of language converge from different premises on the conclusion that language is the key creator of the social worlds people experience, and they agree as well that language cannot usefully be understood as a tool for describing an objective reality. For the later Wittgenstein there are no essences, only language games. Chomsky analyzes the sense in which grammar is generative. For Derrida all language is performative, a form of action that undermines its own presuppositions. Foucault sees language as antedating and constructing subjectivity. The “linguistic turn” in twentieth century philosophy, social psychology, and literary theory entails an intellectual ferment that raises fundamental questions about a great deal of mainstream political science, and especially about its logical positivist premises.While the writers just mentioned analyze various senses in which language use is an aspect of creativity, those who focus upon specifically political language are chiefly concerned with its capacity to reflect ideology, mystify, and distort. The more perspicacious of them deny that an undistorting language is possible in a social world marked by inequalities in resources and status, though the notion of an undistorted language can be useful as an evocation of an ideal benchmark. The emphasis upon political language as distorting or mystifying is a key theme in Lasswell and Orwell, as it is in Habermas, Osgood, Ellul, Vygotsky, Enzensberger, Bennett, and Shapiro.

scholarly journals Introduction: Thought as Language

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
John Preston
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Study ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Linguistics

Western philosophy has a long-standing interest in the relationship between thought and language. This is not least because language use and our mental capacities are so central to our human self-conception, as well as to the ways in which we have tried to think about other beings. Retrospectively, it is possible to identify certain broad traditions in the philosophical study of thought and language, traditions which also have their representatives in psychology and linguistics. In this introduction I shall focus on one such tradition, the one sometimes known as ‘lingualism ’, in so far as it bears on the papers brought together in this volume.

Syntax, Discourse Analysis, and Translation Studies

Babel ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Colina
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Text Linguistics ◽  
Formal Systems ◽  
Discourse Functions ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Professional Translator

Abstract The linguistics of the 60s and 70s did not prove to be of much help to translation and translation theory, due to the emphasis placed on languages as formal systems. However, newer directions of linguistics research which focus on the communicative function of language, such as text linguistics, discourse analysis, pragmatics, have much to offer to translation studies. This paper shows how discourse analysis can be applied to translation and highlights some of the benefits of knowledge of linguistics and discourse analysis for the translation teacher, the student and the professional translator. In addition, it joins recent literature on translation studies and linguistics (House and Blum-Kulka 1986; Hatim and Mason 1990; Neubert and Shreve 1992; Baker 1992) in calling for a more influential role of linguistics in translation studies and translation theory. Working within discourse analysis and, in particular, syntax in discourse, i.e. discourse functions of syntactic constructions, the present study examines the discourse functions of the passive in Spanish and in English. The paper first presents a contrastive description of the textual functions of the passive in English and in Spanish based on a corpus of original texts in both languages. Then a discourse-based explanation for the differences is provided. Finally, the author examines the solutions found in translation as well as the analysis' efficiency in predicting and/or explaining such solutions. Résumé La linguistique des années 60 et 70, période pendant laquelle la langue était conçue comme un système formel, ne se prêtait pas bien à la traduction et à sa théorie. La recherche portant sur la linguistique a depuis changé d'orientation; on reconnaît maintenant l'aspect communicatif de la langue. On accorde donc une importance particulière à la linguistique, à l'analyse du discours et à la pragmatique, entre autres, ce qui se prête beaucoup mieux au concept de la traduction. La présente étude démontre comment on peut appliquer l'analyse de la rédaction à la traduction et souligne quelques-uns des avantages qu'offre la connaissance de cette analyse et de la linguistique pour l'enseignant, l'étudiant et le traducteur professionnel. De plus, l'auteur se joint aux auteurs d'études récentes portant sur la traduction et la linguistique (House et Blum-Kulka, 1986; Hatim et Mason, 1990; Neubert et Shreve, 1992; Baker, 1992) en recommandant un rôle plus important pour la linguistique dans l'étude et la théorie de la traduction. A l'aide d'une analyse du discours, et plus particulièrement de la syntaxe, c'est-à-dire de la fonction de la syntaxe dans la rédaction, le rapport examine l'emploi du passif dans les langues espagnole et anglaise. On établit d'abord le contraste entre la fonction textuelle du passif dans la langue anglaise et celle dans la langue espagnole en étudiant un corpus de textes dans les deux langues. On explique ensuite la différence du point de vue de la rédaction. Enfin, l'auteur examine les solutions qu'apporte la traduction et l'efficacité de l'analyse pour prévoir et pour expliquer ces solutions.

Coincidence in Translation

Target ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert de Beaugrande
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Language System ◽  
Communicative Context ◽  
And Linguistics

An important factor impeding the development of explicit theories of translation has been the centrality of coincidence. Skilled translating consists not of following rules or algorithms of equivalence, but of generating coincidences between the materials of the source language and those of the target language. Conventional aspirations of linguistic theory emphasize degrees of generality, uniformity and formality, which such an activity does not readily seem to fit. Also, language science and linguistics have consistently rated form over meaning and language system over communicative context, while translation is an activity in which meaning dominates over form, and context immediately controls and influences how the language system is used. Recent approaches to text and discourse are now striving to revise traditional theoretical aspirations in order to attain better models of language use, and may thus provide a basis for unifying theory with practice in translation.

Probing phonological structure in play language: Speaking backwards in Zenzontepec Chatino

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
Phonological Word ◽  
Phonological Structure ◽  
Depth Analysis

Play languages (also known as language games or ludlings) represent a special type of language use that is well known to shed useful light on linguistic structure. This paper explores a syllable transposition play language in Zenzontepec Chatino that provides evidence for the segmental inventory, syllable structure, the limits of the phonological word, the prosodic status of inflectional formatives, and the autonomy of tone, all of which aligns with independent phonological evidence in the language. While recent theoretical and cross-linguistic studies have questioned the nature, and even the validity, of constituents such as the phonological word, the syllable, and the onset, this study provides an example of a language with strongly manifested phonological constituents. The study also highlights the importance of in-depth analysis of less-studied languages for linguistic theory, typology, and language maintenance or reclamation for communities.

scholarly journals Modelling meaning composition from formalism to mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 375 (1791) ◽  
pp. 20190298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea E. Martin ◽  
Giosuè Baggio
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Expressive Power ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mechanistic Models ◽  
Language And Thought ◽  
Statistical Regularities ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Linguistics

Human thought and language have extraordinary expressive power because meaningful parts can be assembled into more complex semantic structures. This partly underlies our ability to compose meanings into endlessly novel configurations, and sets us apart from other species and current computing devices. Crucially, human behaviour, including language use and linguistic data, indicates that composing parts into complex structures does not threaten the existence of constituent parts as independent units in the system: parts and wholes exist simultaneously yet independently from one another in the mind and brain. This independence is evident in human behaviour, but it seems at odds with what is known about the brain's exquisite sensitivity to statistical patterns: everyday language use is productive and expressive precisely because it can go beyond statistical regularities. Formal theories in philosophy and linguistics explain this fact by assuming that language and thought are compositional : systems of representations that separate a variable (or role ) from its values ( fillers ), such that the meaning of a complex expression is a function of the values assigned to the variables. The debate on whether and how compositional systems could be implemented in minds, brains and machines remains vigorous. However, it has not yet resulted in mechanistic models of semantic composition: how, then, are the constituents of thoughts and sentences put and held together? We review and discuss current efforts at understanding this problem, and we chart possible routes for future research. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards mechanistic models of meaning composition’.

Applied Linguistics, Linguistics Research and the Empirical Model

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
And Linguistics

Applied linguistics is very much a problem-oriented discipline and therefore necessarily an integrative discipline. I know that it is difficult to define what a ‘problem’ is; there are nevertheless important differences between problem-oriented disciplines and theory-based disciplines, like psychology and linguistics, to take a couple of relevant examples. Activities, including research, carried out in the name of applied linguistics should throw light on the processes and conditions and phenomena of language acquisition, language learning or language use, with the aim of contributing to the solution of the difficulties and practical problems that arise. And the problems that people face in connection with language learning or language use are messy, that is to say, like all real life situations they are not analysable in term of only one basic discipline. The chief requirement on research within such basic disciplines is that it should throw light on theoretical models and issues, and to do that the researcher abstracts from the experential world only those special aspects which are interesting to him. People who work in applied disciplines have to deal with complex real life situations as they are, as they are seen to be by the participants in those situations, and have to draw on whatever background disciplines that are relevant and available. (That nearly always means that more than one researcher has to be involved.)

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