scholarly journals Democracia e deliberação: a escolha popular das políticas públicas locais - o caso do orçamento participativo de Porto Alegre (OPPOA) / Democracy and deliberation: the popular choice of local public policies - the case of the participative budget of...

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 463-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Tannus Gurgel do Amaral ◽  
Francisco Toniolo de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Civil Society Participation ◽  
Budget Policy ◽  
The City

O presente artigo visa analisar o Orçamento Participativo de Porto Alegre (OPPOA) como política orçamentária de auxílio na tomada de decisão dos gastos públicos através da participação popular. Embasa-se no marco teórico de promoção desta participação nas democracias ao longo dos anos e na formação do conceito de “democracia participativa”, onde a sociedade civil assume maior relevância no momento de tomada de decisões. Apresenta a formação histórica do OPPOA e a evolução das instâncias participativas em Porto Alegre. Revisa sua estrutura jurídica-legal e seu processo de tomada de decisão, considerando o envolvimento da sociedade civil. Analisa-o como instrumento de incentivo à atuação dos cidadãos na administração conjunta da cidade, através da elaboração do orçamento municipal e da escolha, em assembleias populares, das obras públicas prioritárias para sua região e para o município. Ao fim, analisa a participação popular nas suas instâncias nos anos de 2011 a 2015, comparando dados fornecidos pela prefeitura de Porto Alegre, o volume da participação popular e os valores dispendidos pelo programa. Por se tratar de pesquisa descritiva e quantitativa, a metodologia utilizada enfatizou a coleta de dados, a revisão bibliográfica e a análise documental, em especial leis municipais e normas relacionadas com o OPPOA.  Palavras-Chave: Orçamento Público; Orçamento Participativo; Participação Popular; Políticas Públicas; Porto AlegreAbstract This article aims at analyzing Porto Alegre’s participatory budget (OPPOA) as a budget policy that helps the decision-making process of the public expenditure through popular participation. It’s based in the theoretical framework of promoting participation in democracies over the years and creating a "participatory democracy" concept, in which the civil society takes on a greater relevance in the decision-making moments. It presents the historical formation of the OPPOA and the evolution of participative instances in Porto Alegre. It reviews its legal structure and its decision-making process, considering the value of civil society participation. It analyzes the OPPOA as a tool for encouraging popular participation in the joint administration of the city, through the elaboration of the municipal budget and the choice, in popular meetings, of the priority public constructions for their region and their municipality. Finally, analyze the popular participation in the OPPOA’s instances between the years of 2011 until 2015, comparing data supplied by Porto Alegre’s administration, the volume of popular participation in the program and the values spent. Since this research is descriptive and quantitative, the methodology emphasized data collection, literature review and document analysis, in particular Porto Alegre’s municipality laws and standards regarding the OPPOA.  Keywords: Public Budget; Participatory Budgeting; Popular Participation. Public Policy; Porto Alegre

Civil Society Participation in the Interamerican Development Bank’s Activities and Operations: Enhancing Democratic Accountability?

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Seatzu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Civil Society Participation ◽  
The Social

NGOs and CSOs have progressively enjoyed easy access to, and better possibilities to affect decision-making processes taking place within the Inter-American Development Bank (‘the Bank’ or the ‘IDB’), including also the most recent decisions of the IDB affecting the relationship between Spain and the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. Indeed, in particular the increasing intensity of NGO and CSO activities and their involvement in the performances and activities of the Bank and of its governing bodies at different levels and stages show that NGOs and CSOs over the last decade have become essential, though often under-recognized components of the operational structures of the internal governance of the IDB. CSOs may be, and often are, eligible to directly receive financings from the Bank. Starting from a brief introduction of the Bank followed by a set of normative arguments on the key accountability challenges facing the IDB Group, the paper will deal with the issue of NGO and CSO participation in relation to the decision-making process on the IDB Group’s financed operations, investment and programmatic lending operations. It will also consider the social and environmental accountability initiatives that derive from the Bank’s core aims of achieving poverty eradication and effective and sustainable development. In doing so, approaching the topic from an international legal perspective, the paper will first explore the broad and inclusive definition of what constitutes a ‘civil society organization’ for the IDB and its affiliated organizations. Secondly, and in more detail, it will consider the “Strategy for Promoting Citizen Participation in Bank Activities” as approved by the IDB Board of Directors in 2004 in order to expand, strengthen and systematize citizen and civil society participation in the Bank’s activities. Thirdly, the paper will focus on the Guidelines for the functioning of the Civil Society Advisory Councils (the ‘Guidelines’). Fourthly, it will describe how NGO and CSO participation is taken into account by the internal instruments of the Bank envisaging citizen and civil society participation in the IDB’s financial activities (including the most recent activities to enhance the trade and investment relationship between Spain and LAC countries). Therefore, the key features and characteristics of the Guidelines that are of special significance to NGO and CSO participation in the decision-making process on the IDB’s financed operations and in furthering the accountability of the Bank to its constituents – such as the criteria for the establishment and participation of CSOs and NGOs, the notification procedure, the meaning of ‘Civil Society Consulting Groups’, the methods for consultations at operational level, the possibilities for civil society groups and movements, including Spanish civil society groups and movements, to increase human rights and democratic accountability – will all be, in turn, the subject of specific analyses. Finally, the paper will conclude with some observations on the social and democratic accountability of the IDB to civil society and non-state actors, referring in particular to the experience of the internal accountability mechanism established by the IDB’s Board of Governors (the Bank’s highest authority) in 1994 – the Independent Investigation Mechanism of the Inter-American Development Bank (the ‘Independent Mechanism’) – that was established with the aim of “increasing the transparency, accountability, and effectiveness” of the Enhancing Democratic Accountability? 45 Bank and recently replaced by the created Independent Consultation and Investigation Mechanism (ICIM) effective on June 30, 2010.

scholarly journals From Populism to Democratic Polity: Problems and Challenges in Surakarta, Indonesia

PCD Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratikno Pratikno ◽  
Cornelis Lay
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Democracy ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
Civil Society Participation ◽  
The People ◽  
Democratic Polity ◽  
The City

This paper discusses democratisation practiced in Surakarta, Indonesia, which has been claimed by many experts as a municipality with "best practices" of democratic local governance in Indonesia. Their analyses focus on the actors and claim that participation is a possible way of crafting stable democracy. This participation in turn, they suggest, is a result of decentralisation which thus strengthen local democracy. Presenting the civil society participation and the decentralisation in the city of Surakarta, this paper shows that what actually happens is otherwise. It argues that the rise of popular participation was rooted in contentious local politics. Besides, the constitution of the new forms of popular representation are not supported by, and produced within, a clear ideological framework from the people in Surakarta.

scholarly journals Association of the implementation, use and appropriation of information technologies with decision making in the public sector: An exploration of the case of the mayoralty in Bucaramanga, Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-118
Author(s):  
H. Gélvez Díaz ◽  
J. F Reyes-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
The City ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Natural Way ◽  
Second Use

This investigation explores the association between the implementation, use and appropriation of information technologies in the decision making process in the public sector. The study adopted a quantitative approach with data collected from the application of a questionnaire to 294 employees at the mayoralty of the city of Bucaramanga, Colombia. Results show that understanding information technologies as part of a structured and gradual process can positively influence those who make decisions, facilitating and speeding up their work. The above requires three previous steps: first, to carry out implementations of information technologies in accordance with strategic planning; second, use those implemented technologies in a prolonged way over time; and third, appropriate such technologies to the point where its advantages are taken grasped of in a natural way to obtain effective results in the development of work activities. The practical implications of the influence of information technologies in decision- making in the public sector are to facilitate and expedite the decision-making process of workers who decide, through the implementation of approval channels, the availability and security of information, the historical evidence and the prioritization of resources.

scholarly journals Política Externa, Democracia E Direitos Humanos: Uma Análise Inicial Do Reconhecimento Brasileiro Da Jurisdição Da Corte Interamericana De Direitos Humanos

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Antunes Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Civil Society Participation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Protective System

O trabalho se propõe a analisar, em linhas gerais, a decisão de submeter o Brasil à jurisdição da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, anunciada em dezembro de 1998. Trata-se de um trabalho de natureza exploratória que objetiva apontar múltiplas possibilidades no que tange aos interesses, objetivos e preferências que nortearam a decisão brasileira, bem como à própria estruturação do processo decisório, manifesta a partir da indicação dos atores sociais que dele fizeram parte, e de sua possível abertura ou alheamento à participação da sociedade civil. A ideia central é compreender melhor a inserção internacional do Brasil no sistema internacional de proteção aos direitos humanos tendo por base a análise de uma decisão considerada como revestida de extrema significância. Ademais, pretende-se investigar a importância do tópico dos direitos humanos na agenda internacional brasileira.Palavras-chave: Política externa brasileira; direitos humanos; Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos.ABSTRACTThis paper analyses, in general lines, the decision to submit Brazil to the jurisdiction of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, announced in Dezember, 1998. This is an exploratory study whose objectives revolve around signaling multiple possibilities regarding the interests, objectives and preferences that inspire the brazilian decision, as well as the own structuring of the decision-making process, expressed by the identification of the social actors that had a participation in it, and its possible openness to civil society participation. The main idea is to have a better undestanding of brazilian international insertion in the human rights international protective system based on the analysis of a decision considered to be extremely relevant. Moreover, it is intended to investigate the importance of the human rights topic in the brazilian international agenda.Keywords: Brazilian Foreign Policy; human rights; Inter-American Court of Human Rights.

scholarly journals Decision Making in Committees: Transparency, Reputation, and Voting Rules

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilat Levy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Career Concerns ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Voting Rules ◽  
The Public ◽  
Voting Rule ◽  
The Right

In this paper I analyze the effect of transparency on decision making in committees. I focus on committees whose members are motivated by career concerns. The main result is that when the decision-making process is secretive (when individual votes are not revealed to the public), committee members comply with preexisting biases. For example, if the voting rule demands a supermajority to accept a reform, individuals vote more often against reforms. Transparent committees are therefore more likely to accept reforms. I also find that coupled with the right voting rule, a secretive procedure may induce better decisions than a transparent one. (JEL D71, D72)

2010 Meltdown – Airport Closure Risk Communications in London and NYC

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-110
Author(s):  
Sweta Chakraborty ◽  
Naomi Creutzfeldt-Banda
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
City Area ◽  
Risk Communications ◽  
The City ◽  
Economic And Social Impacts

Saturday, 18 December 2010 was the first of a two day complete closure of all London area airports due to freezing temperatures and approximately five inches of snow. A week later on December 26th, New York City area airports closed in a similar manner from the sixth largest snowstorm in NYC history, blanketing the city approximately twenty inches of snow. Both storms grounded flights for days, and resulted in severe delays long after the snow stopped falling. Both London and NYC area airports produced risk communications to explain the necessity for the closures and delays. This short flash news report examines, in turn, the risk communications presented during the airport closures. A background is provided to understand how the risk perceptions differ between London and NYC publics. Finally, it compares and contrasts the perceptions of the decision making process and outcomes of the closures, which continue to accumulate economic and social impacts.

scholarly journals Wind Power Deployment: The Role of Public Participation in the Decision-Making Process in Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahita A. Jami ◽  
Philip R. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Knowledge Broker ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Energy Investment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Opposition

A wider use of renewable energy is emerging as a viable solution to meet the increasing demand for global energy while contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. However, current literature on renewable energy, particularly on wind power, highlights the social barriers and public opposition to renewable energy investment. One solution to overcome the public opposition, which is recommended by scholars, is to deploy a collaborative approach. Relatively little research has specifically focused on the role of effective communication and the use of a knowledge-broker in collaborative decision-making. This study attempts to fill this gap through the proposition of a participatory framework that highlights the role of the knowledge-broker in a wind project decision-making process. In this paper, five illustrative wind projects in Ontario are used to highlight the current situation with public participation and to address how the proposed framework could have improved the process. Based on the recommended collaborative framework, perception must shift from the dominant view of the public as “a risk to be managed” towards “a resource that can be tapped”. The developers need to improve sharing what they know and foster co-learning around questions and concerns.

scholarly journals ADMINISTRATIVE SUPERVISION OVER THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CITY SELF-GOVERNMENTS OF THE EKATERINOSLAV PROVINCE (1870 – 1913)

Skhid ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Vadym Korobka ◽  
Yulia Korobka
Keyword(s):  
Social Orientation ◽  
State Control ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Control ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Administrative Supervision ◽  
Budget Policy ◽  
The Law ◽  
The City

The article reveals the importance of administrative supervision over city self-governments in the Ekaterinoslav Province (1870-1913). Their social orientation has been established. Expenses provided a priority increase in expenditures on schooling and medi-cine, veterinary and sanitary units. State control institutions generally did not interfere with the budget policy of municipal self-government institutions and its humanitarian component, although misunderstandings sometimes arose.It has been revealed that the implementation of state control over public administrations in the Ekaterinoslav Province often faced the aspirations of self-government bodies in secondary issues of municipal organization which were incompatible with the law in the opinion of its hosts. Disputes arose mostly on the basis of different understandings of the rules of sale and purchase of goods, measures to regulate traffic on city streets etc.It has been confirmed that in exercising their powers in the field of control over the comp-liance with the law by city self-governments, state institutions of the provincial level some-times showed inappropriate competence in the field of interpretation of imperial legislation, which resulted in erroneous decisions. Certain decisions of public administrations of cities also sometimes violated imperial law and were subject to unconditional termination or revocation.It has been proved that the public administrations of the Province widely used the legally regulated opportunity to defend their decisions in the Senate. The specific Senate cases started in connection with the supervision over the legality of decisions of city self-governments and the provincial presence for the zemstvo and city affairs give the impression that they were considered on the basis of a qualified verification of compliance with imperial law.It has been established the administrative control was implemented slowly, and formula-tions of thoughts on appealing the decisions of the Provincial Presence were deprived of speed and efficiency. The provincial zemstvo sinned against evading operative decisions. At the same time, there was a dishonest delay in the circulation of documents in all parts of public administ¬ration and local self-government.

Public Involvement in the Design of Public Projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Emad S. Mushtaha ◽  
Omar Hassan Omar ◽  
Dua S. Barakat ◽  
Hessa Al-Jarwan ◽  
Dima Abdulrahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Public Project ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Building Program

The involvement of the public in the decision-making process is essential, especially in the early stages of a design process. This study aims to achieve the development of an architectural program for a memorial public project, using the outcomes of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on public opinion. It employs a novel approach that sharply focuses on public involvement in the design process, using a quantitative methodology for the development of a suitable building program and selecting a memorial form that meets the public's needs in a practical way. The study drew on data from various memorial projects to identify possible spaces and their selection criteria. A written questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 105 members of the public, to narrow down the number of spaces according to public response. Then, a hearing (spoken) questionnaire was conducted on a sample of 20 to produce the program for development by generating the most strongly preferred form of memorial. The results contradicted the existing norm for a memorial as a sculpture; it was revealed that most of the public preferred memorial landscapes to buildings and great structures. The study concluded that AHP could be used to further involve the relevant stakeholders in the decision-making process of the design of a public project.

Conclusion: SDO Decision-making and the Public Interest

2020 ◽  
pp. 210-237
Author(s):  
Alison Harcourt ◽  
George Christou ◽  
Seamus Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
International Level ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurship ◽  
Historical Representation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Decision Making Processes

The conclusion situates the book’s findings in academic debates on democracy and the Internet, global self-regulation, and civil society, and international decision-making processes in unstructured environments. It assesses whether current standards-developing organization (SDO) decision-making is able to bridge historical representation gaps and deficiencies. A nuanced pattern is emerging with increasing inclusion of a wider number of actors within SDO fora. The first part of the chapter returns to the Multiple Streams (MS) framework applied to the case studies on a comparative basis. It identifies key processes under which SDO rules of interaction are established at the international level and explains which interests have come to the fore within decision-making highlighting the occurrence of policy entrepreneurship, forum shopping, and coupling. The final part explores additional frameworks for SDO regulation where spaces for public interest consideration might occur in the future. These are opportunities for inserting public interest considerations into international and national Acts, certification programmes, and the move towards open source solutions for Internet management. The book concludes that, although the literature is expansive on the interaction of corporate sector actors within SDOs, the study of other actors, such as digital rights groups, civil society, academics, policy entrepreneurs and the technical community as a whole, has been underdressed in the literature on international self-regulatory fora to date. In this respect, the book raises important questions of representation of the public interest at the international level by having addressed the actions of actors within SDO fora who promote public interest goals.

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