scholarly journals Relationship to Ratio of Correct Information Unit and Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amnestic MCI and EAD

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunjoo Choi ◽  
Jun-Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Information Unit ◽  
Amnestic Mci ◽  
Correct Information

A System for Quantifying the Informativeness and Efficiency of the Connected Speech of Adults With Aphasia

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda E. Nicholas ◽  
Robert H. Brookshire
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Individual Basis ◽  
Information Unit ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Interjudge Reliability

A standardized rule-based scoring system, the Correct Information Unit (CIU) analysis, was used to evaluate the informativeness and efficiency of the connected speech of 20 non-brain-damaged adults and 20 adults with aphasia in response to 10 elicitation stimuli. The interjudge reliability of the scoring system proved to be high, as did the session-to-session stability of performance on measures. There was a significant difference between the non-brain-damaged and aphasic speakers on each of the five measures derived from CIU and word counts. However, the three calculated measures (words per minute, percent CIUs, and CIUs per minute) more dependably separated aphasic from non-brain-damaged speakers on an individual basis than the two counts (number of words and number of CIUs).

Application of the Correct Information Unit Analysis to the Naturally Occurring Conversation of a Person With Aphasia

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 636-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary L. Oelschlaeger ◽  
John C. Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Scoring Rules ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intrarater Reliability ◽  
Information Unit ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
Single Speaker ◽  
Post Hoc

The Correct Information Unit (CIU) analysis for measuring the communicative informativeness and efficiency of connected speech (Nicholas & Brookshire, 1993) was applied to the naturally occurring conversation of a person with moderate aphasia. Results indicated that, in this instance, reliable CIU measures could not be obtained. Intrarater reliability for CIU and %CIU was low, reaching only 72%, and interrater reliability was never greater than 63%. However, reliability of word counts was good. Post hoc analysis of rater disagreements in application of the CIU analysis revealed that the majority (72%) resulted from insufficiencies in the scoring rules that were originally designed to measure single speaker connected discourse. Two descriptive categories of disagreements were identified: interpretations of informativeness and absence of rules. The remaining 28% of disagreements were attributable to human error in the application of scoring rules. Comparison of findings with previous research and implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Working Memory Training in Amnestic and Non-amnestic Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Preliminary Findings From Genotype Variants on Training Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne S. Hernes ◽  
Marianne M. Flak ◽  
Gro C. C. Løhaugen ◽  
Jon Skranes ◽  
Haakon R. Hol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Working Memory Training ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Amnestic Mci ◽  
Amci Group

Working memory training (WMT) effects may be modulated by mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes, and variations in APOE-epsilon (APOE-ε) and LMX1A genotypes. Sixty-one individuals (41 men/20 women, mean age 66 years) diagnosed with MCI (31 amnestic/30 non-amnestic) and genotyped for APOE-ε and LMX1A completed 4 weeks/20–25 sessions of WMT. Cognitive functions were assessed before, 4 weeks and 16 weeks after WMT. Except for Processing Speed, the non-amnestic MCI group (naMCI) outperformed the amnestic MCI (aMCI) group in all cognitive domains across all time-points. At 4 weeks, working memory function improved in both groups (p < 0.0001), but at 16 weeks the effects only remained in the naMCI group. Better performance was found after training for the naMCI patients with LMX1A-AA genotype and for the APOE-ε4 carriers. Only the naMCI-APOE-ε4 group showed improved Executive Function at 16 weeks. WMT improved working memory and some non-trained cognitive functions in individuals with MCI. The naMCI group had greater training gain than aMCI group, especially in those with LMX1A-AA genotype and among APOE-ε4-carriers. Further research with larger sample sizes for the subgroups and longer follow-up evaluations is warranted.

Language processing is not a race against time

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giosuè Baggio ◽  
Carmelo M. Vicario
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Language System ◽  
Moderating Factors

AbstractWe agree with Christiansen & Chater (C&C) that language processing and acquisition are tightly constrained by the limits of sensory and memory systems. However, the human brain supports a range of cognitive functions that mitigate the effects of information processing bottlenecks. The language system is partly organised around these moderating factors, not just around restrictions on storage and computation.

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