scholarly journals A Correct Information Unit to Describe the Spontaneous Speech of Older and Younger Adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
Lee Ok-bun ◽  
Park Sang-Hee ◽  
손은남
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Information Unit ◽  
Correct Information

A System for Quantifying the Informativeness and Efficiency of the Connected Speech of Adults With Aphasia

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda E. Nicholas ◽  
Robert H. Brookshire
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Individual Basis ◽  
Information Unit ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Interjudge Reliability

A standardized rule-based scoring system, the Correct Information Unit (CIU) analysis, was used to evaluate the informativeness and efficiency of the connected speech of 20 non-brain-damaged adults and 20 adults with aphasia in response to 10 elicitation stimuli. The interjudge reliability of the scoring system proved to be high, as did the session-to-session stability of performance on measures. There was a significant difference between the non-brain-damaged and aphasic speakers on each of the five measures derived from CIU and word counts. However, the three calculated measures (words per minute, percent CIUs, and CIUs per minute) more dependably separated aphasic from non-brain-damaged speakers on an individual basis than the two counts (number of words and number of CIUs).

The definition of the TOPIC within Language into Act Theory and its identification in spontaneous speech corpora

Revue Romane ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-62
Author(s):  
Emanuela Cresti ◽  
Massimo Moneglia
Keyword(s):  
American English ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Information Unit ◽  
Speech Corpora ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Good Percentage

Abstract The paper presents the definition of the TOPIC information unit within the Language into Act Theory (L-AcT) and the prosodic and informational criteria used for its recovery in spontaneous speech corpora: Italian, Brazilian Portuguese, Spanish and American English. The TOPIC develops the specific function of field of application of the illocutionary force accomplished by the COMMENT unit, it is performed through a prefix prosodic unit and precedes the Comment. The TOPIC must be coherent with the set of requirements determined by the illocutionary force of the Comment and adequate to the speaker-addressee relation. TOPIC mostly correlates in spoken corpora with NP and ADVP and must be functionally distinguished from “postponed Topic” (APPENDIX in the L-ACT framework). However, corpora also show a good percentage of modal expressions filling its prosodic and distributional conditions.

Application of the Correct Information Unit Analysis to the Naturally Occurring Conversation of a Person With Aphasia

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 636-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary L. Oelschlaeger ◽  
John C. Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Scoring Rules ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intrarater Reliability ◽  
Information Unit ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
Single Speaker ◽  
Post Hoc

The Correct Information Unit (CIU) analysis for measuring the communicative informativeness and efficiency of connected speech (Nicholas & Brookshire, 1993) was applied to the naturally occurring conversation of a person with moderate aphasia. Results indicated that, in this instance, reliable CIU measures could not be obtained. Intrarater reliability for CIU and %CIU was low, reaching only 72%, and interrater reliability was never greater than 63%. However, reliability of word counts was good. Post hoc analysis of rater disagreements in application of the CIU analysis revealed that the majority (72%) resulted from insufficiencies in the scoring rules that were originally designed to measure single speaker connected discourse. Two descriptive categories of disagreements were identified: interpretations of informativeness and absence of rules. The remaining 28% of disagreements were attributable to human error in the application of scoring rules. Comparison of findings with previous research and implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Topic unit detection in spontaneous speech

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 69-106
Author(s):  
Frederico Amorim Cavalcante ◽  
Tommaso Raso ◽  
Giulia Bossaglia ◽  
Maryualê Mittmann ◽  
Bruno Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Kappa Statistic ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Rater Agreement ◽  
Substantial Agreement ◽  
Speech Corpus ◽  
Information Unit ◽  
Theoretical Issues

This paper deals with an inter-annotator agreement test involving the identification of the information unit of Topic as defined within the framework of the Language into Act Theory (L-AcT). Fleiss’s kappa statistic was used to measure the agreement among the four annotators who took part in the test. The data used was sampled from C-ORAL-BRASIL II, a spontaneous speech corpus of Brazilian Portuguese. The paper begins by outlining of the theoretical underpinnings of L-AcT, dedicating special attention to aspects directly related to the notion of Topic. Section 2 presents the pilot test and discusses methodological and theoretical issues that were relevant for the design of the protocol that was eventually used in the actual test. Sections 3 and 4 deal with the test, its protocol and results (the kappa coefficient for the general agreement was 0.79, which by usual standards represents a substantial agreement). Section 5 first provides a brief review of a few studies conducted according to other frameworks which have dealt with inter-rater agreement on the annotation of information structure categories. Finally, the errors observed in the test are analyzed qualitatively.

scholarly journals Mind Your Language: New Insights on Memory and Cognitive Aging Research Through Real-Life Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 623-623
Author(s):  
Maximilian Haas ◽  
Alexandra Hering ◽  
Matthias Kliegel
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marked Decline

Abstract In the past decades, the so-called “age - prospective memory paradox”– a phenomenon comparing prospective memory (PM) performance in and outside the lab – has challenged the classical assumption that older adults necessarily evidence a marked decline in PM functioning. In our study, we want to extend established methods for measuring memory through arising technologies, such as the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR; Mehl, 2017). Over the course of three days, 60 younger adults (18-32 years) and 45 older adults (60-82 years) completed an ambulatory assessment with the EAR in order to detect spontaneous speech production related to memory and memory failures. Results reveal that younger and older adults do not differ in the total number of utterances related to different facets of memory and cognition. However, when it comes to failures, older adults talk significantly less about PM failures than younger adults. Possible explanations for these findings will be discussed.

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