Revisiting the Correct Information Unit: Measuring Informativeness in Unstructured Conversations in People With Aphasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1099-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion C. Leaman ◽  
Lisa A. Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Information Unit ◽  
Correct Information

A System for Quantifying the Informativeness and Efficiency of the Connected Speech of Adults With Aphasia

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda E. Nicholas ◽  
Robert H. Brookshire
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Individual Basis ◽  
Information Unit ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Interjudge Reliability

A standardized rule-based scoring system, the Correct Information Unit (CIU) analysis, was used to evaluate the informativeness and efficiency of the connected speech of 20 non-brain-damaged adults and 20 adults with aphasia in response to 10 elicitation stimuli. The interjudge reliability of the scoring system proved to be high, as did the session-to-session stability of performance on measures. There was a significant difference between the non-brain-damaged and aphasic speakers on each of the five measures derived from CIU and word counts. However, the three calculated measures (words per minute, percent CIUs, and CIUs per minute) more dependably separated aphasic from non-brain-damaged speakers on an individual basis than the two counts (number of words and number of CIUs).

Application of the Correct Information Unit Analysis to the Naturally Occurring Conversation of a Person With Aphasia

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 636-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary L. Oelschlaeger ◽  
John C. Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Scoring Rules ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intrarater Reliability ◽  
Information Unit ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
Single Speaker ◽  
Post Hoc

The Correct Information Unit (CIU) analysis for measuring the communicative informativeness and efficiency of connected speech (Nicholas & Brookshire, 1993) was applied to the naturally occurring conversation of a person with moderate aphasia. Results indicated that, in this instance, reliable CIU measures could not be obtained. Intrarater reliability for CIU and %CIU was low, reaching only 72%, and interrater reliability was never greater than 63%. However, reliability of word counts was good. Post hoc analysis of rater disagreements in application of the CIU analysis revealed that the majority (72%) resulted from insufficiencies in the scoring rules that were originally designed to measure single speaker connected discourse. Two descriptive categories of disagreements were identified: interpretations of informativeness and absence of rules. The remaining 28% of disagreements were attributable to human error in the application of scoring rules. Comparison of findings with previous research and implications for future research are discussed.

The Differential Effectiveness of the Cognitive Interview Instructions for Enhancing Witnesses’ Memory of a Familiar Event

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Ginet ◽  
Jacques Py ◽  
Cindy Colomb
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Interview ◽  
Critical Event ◽  
Surgical Operation ◽  
Differential Effectiveness ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
Control Instruction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Practical Implications

This study examines the influence of familiarity on witnesses’ memory and the individual effectiveness of each of the four cognitive interview instructions in improving witnesses’ recall of scripted events. Participants (N = 195), either familiar or unfamiliar with the hospital script, were presented with a video of a surgical operation. One week later, an interviewer used one of the four cognitive interview instructions or a control instruction to ask them about the video. Participants familiar with the surgery context recalled significantly more correct information and, in particular, more consistent and irrelevant details than those unfamiliar with the surgery context. Furthermore, the results confirmed the effectiveness of all four cognitive interview mnemonics in enhancing the amount of correct information reported, irrespective of the participants’ familiarity with the critical event. However, their efficacy differed depending on the category of details considered. The practical implications of these results are discussed.

EXPRESS: The Effects of Experimentally Induced Emotions on Revising Common Vaccine Misconceptions

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110178
Author(s):  
Greg Trevors ◽  
Catherine Bohn-Gettler ◽  
Panayiota Kendeou
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Emotion Induction ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
Knowledge Revision ◽  
Refutation Texts ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Knowledge revision is the process of updating incorrect prior knowledge in light of new, correct information. Although theoretical and empirical knowledge has advanced regarding the cognitive processes involved in revision, less is known about the role of emotions, which have shown inconsistent relations with key revision processes. The present study examined the effects of experimentally induced emotions on online and offline knowledge revision of vaccination misconceptions. Before reading refutation and non-refutation texts, 96 individuals received either a positive, negative, or no emotion induction. Findings showed that negative emotions, more than positive emotions, resulted in enhanced knowledge revision as indicated by greater ease of integrating correct information during reading and higher comprehension test scores after reading. Findings are discussed with respect to contemporary frameworks of knowledge revision and emotion in reading comprehension and implications for educational practice.

scholarly journals Correcting Citizens’ Misperceptions about non-Western Immigrants: Corrective Information, Interpretations, and Policy Opinions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Juhl Jørgensen ◽  
Mathias Osmundsen
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Information Change ◽  
Corrective Information

Abstract Can corrective information change citizens’ misperceptions about immigrants and subsequently lead to favorable immigration opinions? While prior studies from the USA document how corrections about the size of minority populations fail to change citizens’ immigration-related opinions, they do not examine how other facts that speak to immigrants’ cultural or economic dependency rates can influence immigration policy opinions. To extend earlier work, we conducted a large-scale survey experiment fielded to a nationally representative sample of Danes. We randomly expose participants to information about non-Western immigrants’ (1) welfare dependency rate, (2) crime rate, and (3) proportion of the total population. We find that participants update their factual beliefs in light of correct information, but reinterpret the information in a highly selective fashion, ultimately failing to change their policy preferences.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document