An update on radiation protection and the ionizing radiation regulations

Dental Update ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 443-448
Author(s):  
Lee W Feinberg ◽  
Paul P Nixon
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Different Types

In this article, the risks associated with dental X-ray examinations, the doses from different types of dental x-ray examinations, the principles of radiation protection and the key points set out in the IRR 17 and IRMER 17 legislation, with emphasis on the relevant changes between these new sets of legislation and the preceding IRR 99 and IRMER 2000 legislation, are considered. CPD/Clinical Relevance: An update and overview for the dental team on radiation protection and the relevant legislation.

scholarly journals Review of the monograph «Scientific bases of radiation protection in modern medicine» Volume 1 «Radiation diagnostics»

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-104
Author(s):  
T. B. Baltrukova
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Petersburg Institute ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Research Institute

This article presents the review on the monograph “Scientific bases of radiation protection in modern medicine “volume 1” X-ray diagnostics “ by M.I. Balonov, V.Yu. Golikov, A.V. Vodovatov, L.A. Chipiga, I.A. Zvonova, S.A. Kalnitsky, S.S. Sarycheva, I.G. Shatsky, edited by Professor M.I. Balonov. – St.-Petersburg Institute of Radiation Hygiene after prof. P.V. Ramzaev, 2019. Due to the increasing use of ionizing radiation in medicine, implementation of new imaging modalities and equipment, increase of the patient and staff doses, the aspects of their radiation protection are very relevant. The monograph is based on the analysis of data from national and foreign studies, as well as the data from own research conducted in the laboratory of radiation hygiene of medical facilities of the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene named after Professor P. V. Ramzayev for almost 20 years. It reflects the current trends in radiation protection for various imaging modalities and it will be useful to a wide range of readers, especially specialists in the field of X-ray diagnostics and radiation hygiene.

scholarly journals Radiation Measurement at X-Ray Centres of a few Hospitals in Kathmandu City, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karan Giri ◽  
Dhiraj Giri ◽  
V Krishna Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Public ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Very High ◽  
Different Parts

The ionizing radiation has hazardous health effects upon human exposure. Different types of cancers are reported to be arising on account of overt exposure to ionizing radiation like X-rays. This study reports occupational exposure as well as general exposure to the public and persons visiting radiology department in hospitals of Kathmandu city for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A portable environment radiation monitor was used to quantify the total radiation in places of work in the X-ray departments of 13 hospitals located in different parts of city. The findings show increased exposure and in some instances very high levels of unintentional exposure to radiation. DOI: 10.3126/kuset.v3i2.2895 Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol.3, No.2, August 2007, pp 31-34

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ionizing Radiation Protection among Radiation Workers in X-ray departments in Erbil City

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-212
Author(s):  
Runak T. Ali ◽  
◽  
Safa M. Hameed ◽  
Qasim A. Ali ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiation Workers

scholarly journals Material Analysis of Lead Aprons Using Radiography Non-Destructive Testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengku Mohammad Yoshandi ◽  
Hadi Eka Hamdani ◽  
Annisa
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Computed Radiography ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Lead Apron ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiation Worker ◽  
Non Destructive

Lead Apron is a Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) against the effect of Ionizing Radiation such as X-ray. It is essential for the radiation worker to wear Radiation Protection Equipment during commissions involving ionizing radiation. In Pekanbaru, Indonesia the most common radiation worker is Radiographer which help in hospital for diagnose. In this study the Lead Apron analyzed were 6 apron which suspected to have fault due to its inappropriate tend using NDT radiography methods. Radiography methods have advantage of graphic presentation of object unlike any NDT-methods. The image produce from radiography were analyzed using Computed Radiography (CR) and measured the defection of the material. There was only 3 of 6 Lead Apron appropriate for radiation protection. 

Preparation, Characterization and Ionizing Radiation Protection Properties of Electrospun Nanofibrous Mats Embedded with Erbium Oxide (Er2O3) Nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Juan Liu ◽  
Qiu Na Cui ◽  
Ji Huan He ◽  
Dong Dong Fei
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Composite Nanofibers ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Erbium Oxide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Protective System ◽  
Protection Capability

Ionizing radiation directly causes serious damage to human health, and a protective system capable of absorbing or reflecting ionizing radiation is required urgently. In this work, electrospun poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and Poly (vinyl Alcohol)/Erbium Oxide (PVA/Er2O3) nanocomposite fibrous mats were fabricated. These PVA or PVA/Er2O3 composite nanofibers were completely characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthemore, air permeability and ionizing radiation protection properties of these mats were also measured. Under a certain constant electropinning condition, the PVA or PVA/Er2O3 composite nanofibers showed an excellent morphology. The ionizing radiation protection capability of nanofibrous mats is considerably improved when incorporated with Er2O3 nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Estudo do casamento entre MOSFETs implementados com geometrias de porta não convencionais em ambientes de radiações de raios X

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
V. V. Peruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Subthreshold Slope ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accuracy Level ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Open Switch ◽  
Electrical Bias

This doctoral thesis illustrates the studies of the variability and mismatch between "N" type MOSFET devices (nMOSFETs) with hexagonal (DnM), octagonal (OnM) and rectangular (CnM) gate geometry, considering four different types of bias of these nMOSFETs during the ionizing radiation procedure X-ray: I- without electrical bias or with all terminals (source, door, drain and substrate) open (Floating); II- with electrical bias of the devices in the operating state of “on-state” or “closed-switch” (On-state); III- with bias of the devices in the condition of analogue operation or operating as an amplifier (Analog); IV- with device bias in the state-off or “open-switch” operating condition (Off-state). Considering the Floating bias, during the Xray ionizing radiation procedure, it appears that DnMs with an a angle of 90° reduce the mismatch between devices by 40.7% for the threshold voltage (VTH) and 56.8% for the subthreshold slope (SS), respectively, in comparison to the values found in the CnMs counterparts. Considering the On-state bias during the procedure of X-ray ionizing radiation, it is observed that OnMs with an a angle of 90° and a 50% “c” factor improve the matching between devices by 57.4% for VTH and 54.9% for SS compared to those found in CnM counterparts. In the Analog and Off-state bias during the X-ray ionizing radiation procedure, the DnMs and OnMs showed a better matching between devices compared to those obtained with the CnMs counterparts and with a 95% accuracy level. During the procedure of X-ray ionizing radiation in Floating mode, the maximum total ionizing dose (TID) used was in the order of up to 4.5 Mrad. In addition, during ionizing X-ray radiation procedures in On-State, Off-State and Analog modes, the maximum TIDs used were 200 krad for On-State and Analog modes and 20 krad for Off-State mode. Therefore, the Diamond and Octo layout styles can be considered as alternative layout strategies for the implementation of MOSFETs in order to enhance their tolerances to ionizing X-ray radiation, aiming at applications in integrated circuits (ICs) implemented with Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) manufacturing technology

Identification of Asbestos Fibres in a Water Sample by X-Ray Microanalysis

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 274-275
Author(s):  
K. A. Brookes ◽  
D. Finbow ◽  
Madeleine Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Transmission Imaging ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Normal Specimen ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Cooling ◽  
Normal Transmission ◽  
Additional Port

Investigation of the particulate matter contained in the water sample, revealed the presence of a number of different types and certain of these were selected for analysis.An A.E.I. Corinth electron microscope was modified to accept a Kevex Si (Li) detector. To allow for existing instruments to be readily modified, this was kept to a minimum. An additional port is machined in the specimen region to accept the detector, with the liquid nitrogen cooling dewar conveniently housed in the left hand cupboard adjacent to the microscope column. Since background radiation leads to loss in the sensitivity of the instrument, great care has been taken to reduce this effect by screening and manufacturing components that are near the specimen from material of low atomic number. To change from normal transmission imaging to X-ray analysis, the special 4-position specimen rod is inserted through the normal specimen airlock.

Radiological safety and assessment of the performance of X-ray systems in veterinary facilities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Economides ◽  
C.J. Hourdakis ◽  
C. Pafilis ◽  
G. Simantirakis ◽  
P. Tritakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Atomic Energy Commission ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Public ◽  
Radiological Safety ◽  
High Level

This paper concerns an analysis regarding the performance of X-ray equipment as well as the radiological safety in veterinary facilities. Data were collected from 380 X-ray veterinary facilities countrywide during the on-site regulatory inspections carried out by the Greek Atomic Energy Commission. The analysis of the results shows that the majority of the veterinary radiographic systems perform within the acceptable limits; moreover, the design and shielding of X-ray rooms as well as the applied procedures ensure a high level of radiological safety for the practitioners, operators and the members of the public. An issue that requires specific attention in the optimization process for the proper implementation of veterinary radiology practices in terms of radiological safety is the continuous training of the personnel. The above findings and the regulatory experience gained were valuable decision-making elements regarding the type of the regulatory control of veterinary radiology practices in the new radiation protection framework.

Requesting physicians’ knowledge of X-radiation exposure from computed tomography scan examinations: A case study of two Nigerian tertiary hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Samson O. Paulinus ◽  
Benjamin E. Udoh ◽  
Bassey E. Archibong ◽  
Akpama E. Egong ◽  
Akwa E. Erim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Medical Exposure

Objective: Physicians who often request for computed tomography (CT) scan examinations are expected to have sound knowledge of radiation exposure (risks) to patients in line with the basic radiation protection principles according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the Protection of Persons Undergoing Medical Exposure or Treatment (POPUMET), and the Ionizing Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations (IR(ME)R). The aim is to assess the level of requesting physicians’ knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations in two Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Materials and Methods: An 18-item-based questionnaire was distributed to 141 practicing medical doctors, excluding radiologists with work experience from 0 to >16 years in two major teaching hospitals in Nigeria with a return rate of 69%, using a voluntary sampling technique. Results: The results showed that 25% of the respondents identified CT thorax, abdomen, and pelvis examination as having the highest radiation risk, while 22% said that it was a conventional chest X-ray. Furthermore, 14% concluded that CT head had the highest risk while 9% gave their answer to be conventional abdominal X-ray. In addition, 17% inferred that magnetic resonance imaging had the highest radiation risk while 11% had no idea. Furthermore, 25.5% of the respondents have had training on ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations while 74.5% had no training. Majority (90%) of the respondents were not aware of the ICRP guidelines for requesting investigations with very little (<3%) or no knowledge (0%) on the POPUMET and the IR(ME)R respectively. Conclusion: There is low level of knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations among requesting physicians in the study locations.

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