The First Domestication

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Pierotti ◽  
Brandy R Fogg
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Best Friend ◽  
Cooperative Hunting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Emotional Capacity

This book changes the narrative about how wolves became dogs and in turn, humanity's best friend. Rather than describe how people mastered and tamed an aggressive, dangerous species, the authors describe coevolution and mutualism. Wolves, particularly ones shunned by their packs, most likely initiated the relationship with Paleolithic humans, forming bonds built on mutually recognized skills and emotional capacity. This interdisciplinary study draws on sources from evolutionary biology as well as tribal and indigenous histories to produce an intelligent, insightful, and often unexpected story of cooperative hunting, wolves protecting camps, and wolf–human companionship. This fascinating assessment is a must-read for anyone interested in human evolution, ecology, animal behavior, anthropology, and the history of canine domestication.

scholarly journals Memahami Sensionalisme dalam Berita Televisi: Perspektif Evolusi Biologi

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gentur Agustinus Naru
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Time Difference ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Although there have been many studies regarding sensationalism on television, there have not been enough studies to explain why sensational news always attracts viewers' attention regardless of space or time difference. Encouraged by this background, this research tries to answer the question, "What makes sensational news interesting to television viewers?" Inspired by a biological evolutionary perspective, this article formulates a hypothesis that reads, "Sensationalism can draw the attention of the audience because sensational news arouses the most basic instincts of humans, namely the mode of survival (Gurven, 2017)". In this view, the model has become inherent in humans as a result of the evolutionary process. In other words, this hypothesis also believes that audience interest in sensational news is universal rather than contextual.   This article explores a variety of literature in biology, psychology, and communication to try to answer that hypothesis. In order to that, this article is divided into three main sections. We will first explore the history of sensational journalism on television to show the historicity of sensational topics and techniques on television. Second, we will demonstrate the philosophical roots of an evolutionary biology view that explains the relationship between information stimuli and the workings of the human brain and the basic instincts we have carried since evolution thousands of years ago. Finally, we will show studies that prove empirically how news patterns (both sensational topics and production formats) impact viewing interest.

Orality, Textuality, and the Homeric Epics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. Ready
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Anthropology ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Medieval Studies ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traditional Work ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
The Relationship

This book queries from three different angles what it means to speak of Homeric poetry together with the word “text.” Scholarship from outside the discipline of classical studies on the relationship between orality and textuality motivates and undergirds the project. Part I uses work in linguistic anthropology on oral texts and oral intertextuality to illuminate both the verbal and oratorical landscapes our Homeric poets fashion in their epics and what the poets were striving to do when they performed. Looking to folkloristics, Part II examines modern instances of the textualization of an oral traditional work in order to reconstruct the creation of written versions of the Homeric poems through a process that began with a poet dictating to a scribe. Combining research into scribal activity in other cultures, especially in the fields of religious studies and medieval studies, with research into performance in the field of linguistic anthropology, Part III investigates some of the earliest extant texts of the Homeric epics, the so-called wild papyri. Written texts of the Iliad and the Odyssey achieved an unprecedented degree of standardization after 150 BCE. By looking at oral texts, dictated texts, and wild texts, this book traces the intricate history of Homeric texts from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period, long before the emergence of standardized written texts. Researchers in a number of disciplines will benefit from this comparative and interdisciplinary study.

Current views on Sus phylogeography and pig domestication as seen through modern mtDNA studies

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greger Larson ◽  
Umberto Albarella
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pig Management ◽  
Western Eurasia ◽  
The Relationship

The history of pig domestication is also the history of the beginnings of Eurasian agricultural civilization. Wild boar were an important hunted resource for many millennia before the domestication process significantly altered this relationship between pigs and humans. The end result of this process (involving not just pigs but all other farm animals and pets) has led not only to the development of a staggering number of breeds and variations of what were once solely wild animals, but also to the intensification of the relationship between human beings and domestic animals, to the point of near total dependence of each upon the other. By investigating when, where, and how many times pigs (and other animals) were domesticated, we not only gain an insight into the process of domestication, itself, but also (by extension) a deeper understanding of human history, evolutionary biology, biogeography, and a host of other disciplines. The beginnings of pig management and domestication probably began sometime between the 10th to 8th millennium BP. In western Eurasia, the earliest archaeological evidence for pig domestication comes from a number of sites in Eastern and central Anatolia: Çayönü Tepesi (Ervynck et al. 2001), Hallan Çemi (Redding & Rosenberg 1998; Redding 2005), and Gürcütepe (Peters et al. 2005). At Çayönü Tepesi, a unique 2,000-year stratigraphic sequence, spanning the 9th to 7th millennia BP, has provided perhaps one of the best opportunities to observe the actual process of domestication for pigs. Thus, biometrical and age-at-death data led Ervynck et al. (2001) to postulate several shifts in the intensity of pig–human relationships, not necessarily directly driven by humans in its initial stages. Active involvement of humans in this process, it was argued, took place much later. However the process is specifically defined, the evidence from Çayönü Tepesi clearly reflects an intensification of the relationship between people and pigs over two millennia, and points to eastern Turkey as a centre of early pig domestication. Unfortunately, most early archaeological sites do not possess such long, continuous, or reliably dated occupation sequences, which has made the identification of other centres of animal domestication difficult at best.

The Long Shadow of Metaphysics on Research Programs

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter P. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Natural Kinds ◽  
Character Evolution ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acids And Bases ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the implications of homology as a scientifically credible concept for the metaphysics of evolutionary biology, that is, the question of whether such words as “characters” can refer to real things. It first considers the relationship between philosophy and science before discussing how the notions of class, individuals, and natural kinds relate to the conceptual proposal in this book. To introduce the idea of a class, the chapter looks at the history of the concepts of acids and bases. It then describes the notion of natural kinds and emphasizes the usefulness of definitions and models in the study of character evolution and development. It concludes by arguing that characters can be understood as natural kinds, if the latter notion is appropriately modified.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Gavin Flood
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Niche Construction ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Human Wellbeing ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

There is a deep connection between the ideas of life, religion, and civilization: life has impelled religion, which has driven civilization, and we need to understand religion through the category of life. Although the history of religions has often been characterized by oppression and violence, religions have also promoted human wellbeing and the fulfilment of life variously conceived, often seen as correcting an error or fault in the human condition. Two sources account for this: first, the history of civilizations themselves and, in particular, the religions that drive them that offer accounts of the relationship between life itself and the living; second, we need to turn to human evolution and to read civilizations in terms of niche construction, the environmental structure that promotes the flourishing of particular life forms. The first account locates explanation in the history of civilizations; the second locates it in the evolutionary and cognitive sciences.

Revisiting the ‘Darwin–Marx correspondence’: Multiple discovery and the rhetoric of priority

2021 ◽  
pp. 095269512110192
Author(s):  
Joel Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Research Infrastructures ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Between the 1930s and the mid 1970s, it was commonly believed that in 1880 Karl Marx had proposed to dedicate to Charles Darwin a volume or translation of Capital but that Darwin had refused. The detail was often interpreted by scholars as having larger significance for the question of the relationship between Darwinian evolutionary biology and Marxist political economy. In 1973–4, two scholars working independently—Lewis Feuer, professor of sociology at Toronto, and Margaret Fay, a graduate student at Berkeley—determined simultaneously that the traditional story of the proposed dedication was untrue, being based on a long-standing misinterpretation of the relevant correspondence. Between the two, and among several other scholars who became their respective allies, there developed a contest of authority and priority over the discovery. From 1975 to 1982, the controversy generated a considerable volume of spilled ink in both scholarly and popular publications. Drawing on previously unexamined archival resources, this article revisits the ‘case’ of the so-called ‘Darwin–Marx correspondence’ as an instance of the phenomenon of ‘multiple discovery’. A familiar occurrence in the natural sciences, multiple discovery is rarer in the humanities and social sciences. The present case of a priority dispute in the history of ideas followed patterns familiar from such disputes in the natural sciences, while also diverging from them in ways that shed light on the significance of disciplinary norms and research infrastructures.

Contributions to the History of Psychology: CX. Joseph Addison's Observations on Animal Behavior

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel G. Standing
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
External Control ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Joseph Addison ◽  
Learned Behavior ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Animal Societies

Extracts from the eighteenth century writings of Joseph Addison are presented to show his empirical, deductive approach to the study of animal behavior. The topics examined by Addison include the experimental distinction between instinctive and learned behavior, internal and external control of behavior, the survival value of instinct, parental behavior, animal societies, communication, the relationship between behavior patterns and body structures, species-specific releasing mechanisms, the ethogram, and the existence of a comprehensive phylogenetic scale. Addison's conceptual framework, save that it does not recognize evolutionary change, includes many major concepts of mid-twentieth century ethology

scholarly journals TWO LINES OF HUMAN EVOLUTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Евгений Казаков ◽  
Eugeniy Kazakov
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Moral Evil ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
First Line ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Physical Suffering ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biological Development

<p>The article substantiates the validity of claims about the two, fairly selfcontained lines of human evolution, allowing one to speak of "historical parallelism". The first line is predominantly biological development (and finding expression in the dominance of material, bodily needs); the second is mostly suprabiological development (which finds expression in the predominance of spiritual needs). These two lines are deployed with sufficient autonomy from each other. The development of man thus appears not homogeneous, but heterogeneous contrary (multidirectional) process. These two lines of evolution give grounds to speak about "two births" of a person, one of which can be explained by natural, the other – by supernatural (divine) causes. In this case, evolutionary biology and religious (wider, metaphysical) point of view, explaining the origin and development of the person, do not exclude but complement each other. Deployable approach offers a new "reading" problems of theodicy: moral evil is committed (and with ease) by carnal souls (living mainly by biological priorities), since such evil does not exist for them, but only physical evil (causing physical suffering, the suffering of the carnal soul). Throughout its historical path, humanity has been biologically wholesome, but metaphysically diverse. Man in the mass has not yet appeared. From this point of view, the history of mankind as integrity is, in essence, still the background for its free essential self-disclosure.</p>

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

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