The Process of Domestication

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Pierotti ◽  
Brandy R. Fogg
Keyword(s):  
Popular Literature ◽  
Reticulate Evolution ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domesticated Animals ◽  
History Of

This chapter discusses the history of the process of domestication conceptually and considers the meaning of the terms domestic, wild, and tame and how the concept of feral fits within this framework. It explores differences among traits in generating phenotypes, including the classic Russian studies on fox behavior and morphology. Domestic dogs are not a natural grouping because they involve multiple lineages (polyphyly) that have undergone extensive interbreeding among lines (reticulate evolution), which reduces clarity concerning traits that might be used to identify dogs as a species. Evidence of polyphyletic origins is also found in other domesticated animals, especially cats, cattle, and pigs. Differences between what it means for an animal to be tame versus domesticated reveals that these concepts are regularly confused and conflated in the popular literature, even by scientists.

scholarly journals Molecular Signatures of Reticulate Evolution within the Complex of European Pine Taxa

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Bartosz Łabiszak ◽  
Witold Wachowiak
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Reticulate Evolution ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Interspecific Gene Flow ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Variation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Species Integrity

Speciation mechanisms, including the role of interspecific gene flow and introgression in the emergence of new species, are the major focus of evolutionary studies. Inference of taxonomic relationship between closely related species may be challenged by past hybridization events, but at the same time, it may provide new knowledge about mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of species integrity despite interspecific gene flow. Here, using nucleotide sequence variation and utilizing a coalescent modeling framework, we tested the role of hybridization and introgression in the evolutionary history of closely related pine taxa from the Pinus mugo complex and P. sylvestris. We compared the patterns of polymorphism and divergence between taxa and found a great overlap of neutral variation within the P. mugo complex. Our phylogeny reconstruction indicated multiple instances of reticulation events in the past, suggesting an important role of interspecific gene flow in the species divergence. The best-fitting model revealed P. mugo and P. uncinata as sister species with basal P. uliginosa and asymmetric migration between all investigated species after their divergence. The magnitude of interspecies gene flow differed greatly, and it was consistently stronger from representatives of P. mugo complex to P. sylvestris than in the opposite direction. The results indicate the prominent role of reticulation evolution in those forest trees and provide a genetic framework to study species integrity maintained by selection and local adaptation.

1. On the Philological Genius and Character of the Neo-Hellenic Dialect

1875 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 31-31
Author(s):  
Blackie
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Present State ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Of Greece

The Author showed by a historical review of the fortunes of Greece, through the Middle Ages, and under the successive influences of Turkish conquest and Turkish oppression, how the Greek language had escaped corruption to the degree that would have caused the birth of a new language in the way that Italian and the other Roman languages grew out of Latin. He then analysed the modern language, as it existed in current popular literature before the time of Coraes, that is, from the time of Theodore Ptochoprodromus to nearly the end of the last century, and showed that the losses and curtailments which it had unquestionably suffered in the course of so many centuries, were not such as materially to impair the strength and beauty of the language, which in its present state was partly to be regarded as a living bridge betwixt the present and the past, and as an altogether unique phenomenon in the history of human speech.

scholarly journals Shaftesbury and the Ethical Poets in England, 1700-1760

PMLA ◽  
1916 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-325
Author(s):  
C. A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ethical Theory ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Human Interest ◽  
French Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

One of the notable changes in English literature during the eighteenth century is a growth in altruism. It is a change which involves not only a breaking down of the old aristocratic indifference to the lower classes of society during the Restoration, but the establishment of a new ethical theory; literature displayed a broader human interest and assigned a new reason for its sympathy. It is usually assumed that the difference is due principally to the influx of French philosophy. This assumption at least minimizes the importance of a development which had taken place in the literature of England itself before the general interest in Rousseau. (The change, especially in poetry, is to be traced largely, I think, to the Characteristics (1711) of Lord Shaftesbury, whose importance as a literary influence in England has never been duly recognized. It has long since been established that his system of philosophy constitutes a turning-point in the history of pure speculation, especially in ethics; it has more recently been shown also that he is responsible for many of the moral ideas which inform the popular literature of Germany from Haller to Herder. But his influence upon the popular writers of his own country has received scant notice.

A History of Domesticated Animals

10.2307/2363 ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Clutton-Brock ◽  
F. E. Zeuner
Keyword(s):  
Domesticated Animals ◽  
History Of

Treatment of Oslerus osleri infestation in a dog: case report and literature review

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Levitan ◽  
ME Matz ◽  
CS Findlen ◽  
RD Fister
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Oslerus osleri (O. osleri), found throughout the world, reportedly is the most common respiratory nematode of wild and domestic dogs. Oslerus osleri infestation was diagnosed in a 1.5-year-old Scottish terrier presenting with a seven-week history of progressive cough. Diagnosis was based upon visualization of characteristic lesions on bronchoscopic evaluation and recovery of O. osleri larvae from tracheal and bronchoalveolar lavage samples on fecal analyses. Therapy was successful using anti-inflammatory doses of prednisone (0.5 mg/kg body weight, per os [PO] every other day) and thiabendazole (35 mg/kg body weight, PO q 12 hrs for five days; then 70 mg/kg body weight, PO q 12 hrs for 21 days).

Dogs

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between humans and dogs has garnered considerable attention within archaeological research around the world. Investigations into the lived experiences of domestic dogs have proven to be an intellectually productive avenue for better understanding humanity in the past. This book examines the human-canine connection by moving beyond asking when, why, or how the dog was domesticated. While these questions are fundamental, beyond them lies a rich and textured history of humans maintaining a bond with another species through cooperation and companionship over thousands of years. Diverse techniques and theoretical approaches are used by authors in this volume to investigate the many ways dogs were conceptualized by their human counterparts in terms of both their value and social standing within a variety of human cultures across space and time. In this way, this book contributes a better understanding of the human-canine bond while also participating in broader anthropological discussions about how human interactions with domesticated animals shape their practices and worldviews.

How Nauchnaia Fantastika Was Made: The Debates about the Genre of Science Fiction from NEP to High Stalinism

Slavic Review ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Soviet Science ◽  
Literary Politics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Science Fiction

Based on a detailed analysis of published and unpublished sources, Matthias Schwartz reconstructs the making of Soviet science fiction in the cultural context of Soviet literary politics. Beginning in the 1920s, nauchnaia fantastika (scientific fantasy) became one of the most popular forms of light fiction, though literary critics and activists tended to dismiss it because of its origins in popular adventure, its ties to the so-called Pinkerton literature, and its ambiguous relationship to scientific inventions and social progress. Schwartz's analysis shows that even during high Stalinism, socialist realism's norms were far from being firmly established, but in the case of nauchnaia fantastika had to be constantly negotiated and reconstituted as fragile compromises involving different interest groups (literary politicians, writers, publishers, readers). A cultural history of Soviet science fiction also contributes to a better understanding of what people actually wanted to read and sheds new light on the question of how popular literature adapts to political changes and social destabilizations.

Is there a case for MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in the UK?

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Sessa
Keyword(s):  
Medical Profession ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Psychedelic Drugs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Uk ◽  
New Research ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Recreational Use

Much has been written in scientific and popular literature in recent years about the dangers surrounding the recreational use of the drug MDMA/ecstasy. What is little known and understood however is the history of the apparently safe and effective use of MDMA as a therapeutic tool for psychotherapy. In this paper the author explores this history and describes the recent re-emergence of scientific interest in MDMA and other psychedelic drugs. There are currently several new double-blind randomised controlled trials underway re-visiting the subject. By acknowledging the limitations of this new research and emphasising the importance of exercising appropriate but realistic caution, the author asks that the medical profession consider a dispassionate and open-minded debate to examine whether MDMA might have a legitimate place as an adjunct to psychotherapy in modern psychiatric practice.

The Retitling of Agatha Christie's Ten Little Niggers in Anglophone and Lusophone Markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-194
Author(s):  
Vanessa Lopes Lourenço Hanes
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Great Success ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cultural Issue ◽  
Publication History ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Book ◽  
Book Markets

Agatha Christie's detective fiction has met with great success beyond anglophone markets, having been translated and retranslated in forty-four languages, including Brazilian Portuguese. Christie's ubiquity in popular literature makes the publication history of one of her most highly acclaimed and broadly disseminated novels, originally published as Ten Little Niggers in 1939, especially compelling as a demonstration of postcolonial interconnectivity in international book markets, as publishers followed each other's cues, more or less erratically, in distancing themselves from a thorny cultural issue by rebranding the novel under a series of titles on both sides of the Atlantic.

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