Introduction: Savants, Artisans, Artistes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Bertucci
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Ambitious Program ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mechanical Arts

This introductory chapter focuses on the artiste to explain the relationship among science, the mechanical arts, and the state in Old Regime France. Its main chronological arc is between the foundation of the Académie Royale des Sciences in 1666 and the publication of the first volumes of the Encyclopédie in 1751. The chapter discusses the Société des Arts, founded in Paris in 1728, as the most visible attempt to turn the expertise of the artiste into an instrument of the state. The society's ambitious program has attracted the attention of several Enlightenment scholars, who have pointed to the intellectual connections between the program of the Société des Arts and Diderot and D'Alembert's Encyclopédie.

1. Introducing constitutions and public law

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-24
Author(s):  
Anne Dennett
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
The State ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the idea and importance of constitutions. A constitution is essentially a rulebook for how a state is run, and its function is to impose order and stability; to allocate power, rights, and responsibility and control the power of the state. Indeed, a state's constitution sets out the structure and powers of government and the relationship between individuals and the state, and a balanced constitution ensures a balance of power between the institutions of government. New constitutions can arise either through a process of evolution or as an act of deliberate creation. The chapter then considers the UK constitution. Public law is a fundamentally important part of the UK's national law and is the law about government and public administration. It places limitations on the power of the state through objective, independent controls. It is also known as ‘constitutional and administrative law’.

1. Introducing constitutions and public law

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Anne Dennett
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
The State ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the idea and importance of constitutions. A constitution is essentially a rulebook for how a state is run, and its function is to impose order and stability; to allocate power, rights, and responsibility; and control the power of the state. Indeed, a state’s constitution sets out the structure and powers of government and the relationship between individuals and the state, and a balanced constitution ensures a balance of power between the institutions of government. New constitutions can arise either through a process of evolution or as an act of deliberate creation. The chapter then considers the UK constitution. Public law is a fundamentally important part of the UK’s national law and is the law about government and public administration. It places limitations on the power of the state through objective, independent controls. It is also known as ‘constitutional and administrative law’.

scholarly journals The State of Knowledge about Social Mobility in the Developing World

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-32
Author(s):  
Vegard Iversen ◽  
Anirudh Krishna ◽  
Kunal Sen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The State ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scholarly Attention

This introductory chapter provides an analytical overview of this volume. Firstly, it provides a rationale for the book. Secondly, it assesses where we stand in terms of the state of current knowledge on the subject, expanding on what we know about three key concerns—concepts, methods, and determinative factors. We argue while social mobility in advanced economies has received extensive scholarly attention, crucial knowledge gaps remain about the patterns and determinants of income, educational, and occupational mobility in developing countries. Thirdly, it examines the inter-relationships among inequality, poverty reduction, intergenerational mobility, and economic growth, discussing the relationship between inequality and social mobility, between economic growth and social mobility, and between poverty reduction and social mobility in turn. Finally, the chapter discusses the contributions of each chapter in the book volume.

Introduction: The Contradictions of Peace, International Architecture, the State, and Local Agency

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver P. Richmond ◽  
Sandra Pogodda
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
The State ◽  
External Support ◽  
Local Agency ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the four cornerstones in the relationship between different forms of conflict and peace. State formation describes the formation of the state through indigenous or internal violence between competing groups and their agendas which often turn the state into a criminal and predatory elite racket. Statebuilding is the resultant externalised process aimed at rectifying this situation. Peacebuilding focuses on external support for liberally oriented, rights-based institutions with a special and legitimating focus on norms and human rights, civil society, and a social contract via representative institutions embedded in a rule of law. Lastly, peace formation processes can be defined as the mobilisation — formal or informal, public or hidden, indigenous — of local agents of peacebuilding, conflict resolution, development, or peace actors in customary, religious, cultural, social, or local governance settings. The chapter then outlines the theoretical debates about state formation and statebuilding as well as the critique of liberal statebuilding/peacebuilding that has emerged.

Review of A. B. Nikolaev, Revoliutsiia i vlast’: How Has Nikolaev Changed the Interpretation of the February Revolution?

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
The West ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
The Revolution

A.B. Nikolaev’s book has not received much attention either in the West or in Russia, but it is an important book that has significantly changed our understanding the February Revolution of 1917. Nikolaev’s meticulously researched monograph, based on a wide array of new sources, challenges the previously dominant interpretation that the Provisional Committee of the State Duma (Duma Committee) was forced to seize power only to stem the tide of the insurgency from below. He argues that the Duma Committee was from its inception clear about its intention to overthrow the old regime and to create a new power to replace it even before the Petrograd Soviet was formed. The Duma Committee played a crucial role in prompting military units to take the side of the revolution, in steering the insurgents to the State Duma, in creating the Military Commission to organize insurgents to occupy strategic positions in the city, in taking over the food supply commission to feed the insurgents, in attacking and destroying the tsarist police, while preventing and suppressing potentially dangerous anarchical pogroms, and in taking control over the imperial bureaucracy. Nikolaev also raises an interesting question about the relationship between the Duma Committee, the State Duma and the Provisional Government by arguing that the Provisional Government made a hasty and cardinal mistake in cutting its relationship with the State Duma. This book is a landmark in the interpretation of the February Revolution, and especially of the role of the Duma liberals in the revolution.

The Instrumentalization of Ethnic Conflict by the State

2018 ◽  
pp. 217-232
Author(s):  
Chirine Mohséni
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Iranian Revolution ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Ethnic Tensions ◽  
Iranian State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This chapter examines the ethnic tensions between Kurds and Azeris in and around the city of Naqadeh in Western Azerbaijan shortly after the Iranian Revolution. Favored by the Iranian state, the Azeris held dominant social and political positions in comparison to the Kurds, adding to the tensions between these populations. The shift to violence is the result of several elements: first, the collapse of the old regime brought into question the hitherto legitimate ethnic hierarchy. Being Shi'ite became a key element in the relationship with the state and Sunni Kurds were marginalized. Second, Kurdish political demands were a source of concern for the region's Azeri population. Finally, the new government, freshly installed, had yet to establish its authority over Kurdish areas. Ethnic violence among different groups only served to justify government intervention and strengthen state influence.

Emotion Appraisals Predict Neuroticism and Extraversion

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Andrew Comensoli ◽  
Carolyn MacCann
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
The State ◽  
The Relationship

The current study proposes and refines the Appraisals in Personality (AIP) model in a multilevel investigation of whether appraisal dimensions of emotion predict differences in state neuroticism and extraversion. University students (N = 151) completed a five-factor measure of trait personality, and retrospectively reported seven situations from the previous week, giving state personality and appraisal ratings for each situation. Results indicated that: (a) trait neuroticism and extraversion predicted average levels of state neuroticism and extraversion respectively, and (b) five of the examined appraisal dimensions predicted one, or both of the state neuroticism and extraversion personality domains. However, trait personality did not moderate the relationship between appraisals and state personality. It is concluded that appraisal dimensions of emotion may provide a useful taxonomy for quantifying and comparing situations, and predicting state personality.

Introduction: Exploring Russian nationalisms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pål Kolstø ◽  
Helge Blakkisrud
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Part Structure

Russian societal nationalism comes in various guises, both ethnic and imperialist. Also Putin’s rhetoric is marked by the tensions between ethnic and state-focused, imperialist thinking. Noting the complex interplay of state nationalism and societal nationalism, this introductory chapter examines the mental framework within which Russian politicians were acting prior to the decision to annex Crimea. The chapter develops a typology of Russian nationalisms, surveys recent developments, and presents the three-part structure of this book: official nationalism, radical and other societal nationalisms, and identities/otherings. It concludes that after the annexation of Crimea, when the state took over the agenda of both ethnic and imperialist nationalists in Russia, societal nationalism finds itself at low ebb.

GAGASAN PEMIKIRAN DAN GERAKAN DAKWAH M. NATSIR DI INDONESIA

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-295
Author(s):  
Muridan Muridan
Keyword(s):  
Boarding School ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
The State ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Islamic Values

M. Natsir was one of the most prominent figures in religious discourse and movement in Indonesia. He was ada’wa reformer as well as a politician and a statesman.His most well known ideas were about the relationship between Islamand state, Islam and Pancasila, and his idea on da’wa. He stated that a country would be Islamic because of neither itsformal name as an Islamic state nor its Islamic state principles. The principles of the state could be generally formulated aslong as they referred to the Islamic values. Natsir also stated that the essence of Pancasila didn’t contradict with Islam; evensome parts of it went after the goals of Islam. However, it didn’t mean that Pancasila was identical with Islam. In relation toda’wa, he stated that it should be the responsibility of all Muslims, not only the responsibility of kiai or ulama. To make a da’wamovement successful, he suggested that it needed three integrated components; masjid, Islamic boarding school, andcampus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document