White Hot Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-122
Author(s):  
Alex Brummer
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Land Rover ◽  
The Uk ◽  
New Generation ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Milton Keynes

This chapter focuses on the UK as a well-placed tech hub with a cutting edge that is made sure it's not blunted as the UK takes a new path outside the EU and seeks to recover from the trauma of the Covid pandemic. It cites the driverless car that was tested for the first time on Britain's streets, which is considered an enormous advance on previous UK trials that involved a driver manually operating the vehicle. It also discusses the Milton Keynes exercise that showed the government's determination to make the UK a world leader by being at the forefront of developing driverless technology. The chapter talks about the UK's Jaguar Land Rover group, which took up the driverless challenge posed by Google's Waymo and China's Baidu company. It explores the automotive industry's thrust towards a new generation of vehicles that has advanced technology in developing hybrid, dual fuel and electric cars.

Support for Scottish independence is growing stronger

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Sustained Increase

Significance For the first time, there is a sustained increase in support for Scottish independence. The main reasons include dislike of UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson and his cabinet north of the border, the UK government’s pursuit of a ‘hard’ Brexit and questions about its response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Impacts Soaring Scottish unemployment when the UK furlough schemes end would undermine London’s claim to be protecting Scottish jobs. Rising support for Scottish independence could prompt the UK government to seek a closer trade agreement with the EU. The UK government will be unable to conceal the economic impacts of Brexit under the economic fallout of COVID-19. A Scottish vote for independence would put huge pressure on the UK government to resign and call early elections.

The World Economy

1996 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 36-63
Author(s):  
Ray Barrell ◽  
Julian Morgan ◽  
Nigel Pain ◽  
Florence Hubert
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Industrial Output ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
The Uk ◽  
European Economies ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Eu

There was a pause in growth in a number of European economies around the end of 1995, with weak domestic demand leading to moves to return stocks to more normal levels. This was exacerbated by bad weather in the first quarter of 1996. Rather pessimistic conclusions were widely drawn from these few months, but recent developments, especially in Germany have made us, and others, more optimistic about the short-term prospects. In the EU as a whole output rose by 0.49 per cent in the first quarter. Whilst output in France and Italy appears to have declined in the second quarter, in part due to statistical factors arising from the extra working day in the first quarter, growth remained at or above trend levels in the UK, Spain, the Netherlands and Denmark, and recovered significantly in Germany. Industrial output in Germany rose continually in the six months to August, with manufacturing output at its highest level since 1992. This has begun to be reflected elsewhere in the EU, with industrial confidence rising for the first time in 19 months.

scholarly journals The Common Agricultural Policy and the EU budget: stasis or change?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Greer
Keyword(s):  
Historical Trends ◽  
Radical Reform ◽  
Stakeholder Interests ◽  
Decision Mechanism ◽  
Financial Framework ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Eu

After highlighting the budgetary context and the historical trends on the funding of the CAP, this paper considers contemporary debates about its reform in the context of two ‘historic firsts’. Negotiations about the multiannual financial framework (MFF) for 2014-20 for the first time took place in tandem with a proposed CAP reform, within the broader context set by the financial crisis after 2008. Second, the CAP reform debates took place within the new institutional arrangements introduced in the Lisbon Treaty, which by extending the co-decision mechanism to the CAP potentially has increased the influence of the European Parliament (EP). Indeed the CAP reform dossiers were the first real test of these new arrangements and provide an insight into how the new institutional structure will work in practice. In both cases the paper highlights a continuing cleavage among member states and stakeholder interests  - that maps partly onto a broader budgetary gainers/losers division - between advocates of radical reform (e.g. the UK, Sweden) and those who favour the retention of the traditional CAP (such as France, Spain and Ireland).

Uranium price recovery has limited upside

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time ◽  
Nuclear Group ◽  
Procurement Programme ◽  
The Eu

Subject Uranium prices and nuclear power. Significance The price of uranium breached 25 dollars per pound this month for the first time since last August. Boosted by Kazakhstan, the source of 41% of global uranium supplies, announcing last month that it will reduce production by 10% in 2017, the metal's price has been gradually recovering from last November's twelve-year low of 18 dollars per pound. However, the market remains oversupplied. Impacts Brexit may leave the UK nuclear sector without a regulator and short of fuel (21% of UK electricity generation is nuclear). Vietnam has abandoned its long-delayed plan to build its first nuclear power plant. South Africa has started a procurement programme to add 9.6 gigawatts of nuclear capacity. The EU has approved the 4.5-billion-euro (4.8-billion-dollar) restructuring plan of the French nuclear group Areva.

scholarly journals Might Europe one day again be a global scientific powerhouse? Analysis of ERC publications suggests it will not be possible without changes in research policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Alonso Rodríguez-Navarro ◽  
Ricardo Brito
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Research Performance ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Economic Future ◽  
Basic Medical ◽  
The Eu

Numerous EU documents praise the excellence of EU research without empirical evidence and in contradiction of academic studies. We investigated research performance in two fields of high socioeconomic importance, advanced technology and basic medical research, in two sets of European countries, Germany, France, Italy, and Spain (GFIS), and the UK, Netherlands, and Switzerland (UKNCH). Despite their historical and geographical proximity, research performance in GFIS is much lower than in UKNCH, and well below the world average. Funding from the European Research Council (ERC) greatly improves performance in both GFIS and UKNCH, but ERC-GFIS publications are less cited than ERC-UKNCH publications. We conclude that research performance in GFIS and in other EU countries is intrinsically low, even in highly selected and generously funded projects. The technological and economic future of the EU depends on improving research, which requires structural changes in research policy within the EU, and in most EU countries.

Investor-State Dispute Settlement under review; current challenges, lack of regulation in the EU-MERCOSUR agreement and basis for the EU-UK and UK-MERCOSUR FTAs

2020 ◽  
pp. 182-203
Author(s):  
Santiago Theoduloz Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Court System ◽  
Dispute Settlement Mechanism ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time ◽  
Settlement Mechanism ◽  
Review Current ◽  
The Eu

Investment treaties aim to protect the rights of foreign investors and provide legal certainty, generally including an Investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) system. The increase of criticism towards ISDS -which reached its highest point during the EU-US TTIP negotiations- brought up different concerns. As a result, the Investment Court System (ICS) was developed and incorporated for the first time in the CETA between Canada and the EU, and then in other Free-Trade Agreements (FTA) signed by the EU. However, in the EU-MERCOSUR FTA there is no regulation of a dispute settlement mechanism between investors and States parties.Currently, the United Kingdom (UK) is leaving the EU and negotiations of a new deal with the EU are being developed. In the next stages, the UK will most likely reach different agreements with sovereign states and others commercial blocks. In this sense, there is a possibility that a future EU-UK and UK-MERCOSUR agreement will need to consider whether the ISDS or the ICS will be adopted. Also, MERCOSUR will need to analyse which system it will be willing to adopt in the future in case a dispute settlement between investors and States is adopted, and could even explore a system that includes aspects of both the ISDS and the ICS.

scholarly journals Spending reviews as tools in the public sector

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Marta Postuła
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Growth Pact ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Eu

Worsening performance of public finance reported by a number of countries as a result of the global financial crisis enhanced interest in advanced and innovative methods of fiscal consolidation and stabilisation. Spending reviews are amongst the most comprehensive and advanced methods of this type. In the post-2008 age, spending reviews have been carried out by countries that had used the tool in earlier periods (the Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, the UK or Australia) as well as by those who started using them for the first time (Ireland, Canada and France). Spending reviews are used in countries that are well advanced economically and whose public management systems are sufficiently mature.European Union Member States exhibit diverse interest in applying spending reviews which are not mandatory and have not been formalised in international legislation. The EU legislation contains general recommendations for the application of the rational fiscal policy enshrined first in the Treaty provisions, further developed by in the Stability and Growth Pact and detailed in 2011. The paper analyses the up-to-date experiences in using spending reviews in selected countries and draws conclusions from the process.

scholarly journals RUSSIA IN THE UK NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-459
Author(s):  
E.V. Ananieva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Global Change ◽  
National Security ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
National Security Strategy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Eu

The unsatisfactory state of Russian-UK relations should be considered not so much in a bilateral format as in the context of global change in the balance of power. It is necessary to take into account not only the factor of Britain's exit from the EU and Britain's search for its place in the world, but also the traditions and principles of the United Kingdom's foreign policy throughout history. The new National Security Strategy of Britain (March 2021) is integrated, for the first time including in a single concept traditional areas of defense and security, as well as aid to development and foreign policy. The author analyzes the evolution of approaches to the content and the implementation of London's foreign policy strategy after Brexit in the light of its significance for Russian-UK relations.

scholarly journals The 2018 Fisheries White Paper, the Fisheries Act 2020 and their international legal dimension

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-95
Author(s):  
Andrew Serdy
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
White Paper ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cooperation Agreement ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fisheries Act ◽  
Missed Opportunity ◽  
The Eu

The 2018 Fisheries White Paper and the Fisheries Act 2020 were designed to govern United Kingdom (UK) fisheries management in the post-Brexit era irrespective of whether the UK and the European Union (EU) succeeded in settling their differences on fisheries and other matters that for much of 2020 made it uncertain whether the Trade and Cooperation Agreement could be concluded. This article considers several international legal issues raised by the White Paper and Fisheries Act, including the choices made by the UK as to which regional fisheries management organisations to (re)join now that the EU no longer speaks for the UK within them, and the treaty processes for doing so, before moving on to further matters given only sketchy treatment in, or omitted altogether from, those documents, on which a firmer position ought to have been taken. Lastly, a new problem apparent for the first time in the Fisheries Act is discussed: navigational freedom of foreign fishing vessels in the UK's exclusive economic zone, and a missed opportunity to legislate a related evidential presumption that would assist future prosecutions for illegal fishing.

Recent developments in low-voltage SEM of polymers

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 866-867
Author(s):  
S.J. Krause ◽  
W.W. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Thermal Electron ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Beam Currents ◽  
New Generation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Voltage Scanning ◽  
Beam Damage

Over the past decade low voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM) of polymers has evolved from an interesting curiosity to a powerful analytical technique. This development has been driven by improved instrumentation and in particular, reliable field emission gun (FEG) SEMs. The usefulness of LVSEM has also grown because of an improved theoretical and experimental understanding of sample-beam interactions and by advances in sample preparation and operating techniques. This paper will review progress in polymer LVSEM and present recent results and developments in the field.In the early 1980s a new generation of SEMs produced beam currents that were sufficient to allow imaging at low voltages from 5keV to 0.5 keV. Thus, for the first time, it became possible to routinely image uncoated polymers at voltages below their negative charging threshold, the "second crossover", E2 (Fig. 1). LVSEM also improved contrast and reduced beam damage in sputter metal coated polymers. Unfortunately, resolution was limited to a few tenths of a micron due to the low brightness and chromatic aberration of thermal electron emission sources.

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