scholarly journals Parthenium hysterophorus and Cyperus rotundus: alternative sources of food for Honeybees during dearth period

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1177-1180
Author(s):  
Indu Kumari ◽  
Rajesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Bee Bread ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Reserve Food

ABSTRACT: Honeybees are the small wonderful creatures which depend upon flowers for their food. Worker bees always keep on collecting food (pollen & nectar) and store it inside the comb. They later transform pollen into bee bread and nectar into honey with the help of enzymatic activity. Both bee bread and honey are used as reserve food material by bees during harsh weather to maintain their population which otherwise gets affected due to non-availability of flowers. The situation becomes more severe if dearth period run for longer time as the food stores inside the colony gets depleted. At this time, bees start collecting pollen from wild flowers/weeds available in the vicinity of apiary. During summer/monsoon dearth period, many weeds and herbs germinate in the wasteland or crop fields. Parthenium hysterophorus and Cyperus rotundus are two important weeds which are in full bloom during this period. Although, both these weeds are not considered good for the environment especially Parthenium causes various ill effects to human health, honeybees forage upon these weeds with great interest. In the present study, foraging activity of Apis mellifera was observed on both the weeds.

scholarly journals Weed diversity in rice crop fields of Fatehgarh Sahib District, Punjab, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 13611-13616
Author(s):  
Yadvinder Singh ◽  
Rai Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rice Fields ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Detailed Survey ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Fatehgarh Sahib

A total of 31 species of weeds belonging to 11 families was collected from rice fields in Fatehgarh District of Punjab between June and November 2017.  Of the 31 species, 15 were dicots and 16 were monocots.  Of the 11 families, six (Portulacaceae, Lythraceae, Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Polygonaceae, and Commelinaceae) were represented by only one species each.  Poaceae was the largest family represented by 10 species, followed by Asteraceae and Cyperaceae with five species each.  The largest genus was Cyperus with four species, followed by Euphorbia, Echinochloa, and Eragrostis with two species each.  Of the 31 weed species, 29 were annual and only two, Cyperus rotundus and Parthenium hysterophorus, were perennials.  More detailed survey work is required on a regular basis to identify possible problematic weeds and new or improved control measures.

scholarly journals Parthenium hysterophorus, an emergent weedy plant species expands its geographical ranges in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Riaz Ahmad Afridi ◽  
Sadiq Ali ◽  
Malik Nawaz Shuja ◽  
Hasan Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
The Government ◽  
Unpublished Observation ◽  
American Tropics

Parthenium hysterophorus [commonly known as Carrot grass; native to American tropics; family Asteraceae] is a flowering, short-lived perennial or an annual invasive-weedy plant. In the recent few years, the plant is spread (in epidemic proportions) vigorously, at least, in the two provinces (KP and Punjab) and the twin capital cities (Islamabad and Rawalpindi). The weed came in the lame light soon after the monsoon rains and floods of September 2012 and August 2013 that hit larger areas of KP and Punjab provinces of Pakistan. The massive boom in the weed was witnessed in areas under floods of the river Kabul and the Indus Ocean. It is speculated that after initial entry into the flood zones, the seeds then germinated and dispersed into the near and farther areas in the country, including hilly areas. The plant is categorized as a poisonous weed, and a source of skin allergies and itching. It may be a cause of increased reports of asthma, cough, fever, and allergies related to eyes in these areas [1, 2]. Due to its vigorous growth and allelopathic effects, the plant soon dominated over all other weeds and crop plants. Furthermore, it has a tremendous potential to withstand abiotic and biotic stresses. Its vigorous growth has resulted in the loss of local floral biodiversity [3]. Specifically in Islamabad, it has dominated completely the wild cannabis (weeds). However, this year, the cannabis weed seems to overcome gradually the parthenium dominance. The coming years may witness the revival of other plant species suppressed by parthenium. Although the plant seems to be resistant/tolerant to biotic stresses, very few plants were identified with leaf rolling, vein yellowing, stunting and bunchy-top like diseases, indicative of begomovirus infection. PCR amplification and sequencing confirmed a symptomatic parthenium plant positive for the viral infection (unpublished observation; Figure 2). Previously, only a single report is available of parthenium being infected with geminiviruses [4]. Currently, no weedicide is available to eradicate the weedy plant. The only available alternative is to drag the plants out of soil along with their roots before they bear seeds. The presence of the plant everywhere on barren lands, streets, along the drains, hilly terraces, orchards, in lawn grass, and in crop fields makes complete eradication almost impossible (Figure 1a-c). Increased ailment linked with parthenium like – toxicity in the livestock and insect pollinators, skin allergies in humans and reduced agricultural productivity necessitates that the government and non-government stakeholders should take stringent measures to save human health, livestock and agricultural production.  

A Comparison of the Biology of Echinus esculentus in Different Habitats

1934 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 869-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary B. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maximum Volume ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Characteristic Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Reserve Food

There are two types of ground at Port Erin, differing widely in the general environmental conditions, and each with a characteristic type of urchin on it. The difference is sufficiently well marked for the local fishermen, who collect the urchins for sale to summer visitors, to distinguish them as different types. The littoral urchins from the Breakwater are larger and thicker shelled than those from the Breast. Their gonads reach a greater maximum size, and, in fact, never fall as low even as the maximum volume for the Breast urchin gonads. This difference is probably correlated with the much greater food supply on the Breakwater, since the gonad is the one organ of the body in which the animal can store reserve food material. Spawning commences in March or April and lasts for about two months, but is slightly earlier on the Breakwater than on the Breast. Ripening also takes place considerably earlier in both sexes on the littoral ground. Spawning seems to set in at a temperature of about 7° C., and the colder winter of 1931, compared with 1932, was associated with a later ripening and spawning, i n the former year. Similarly it is suggested that the slightly later spawning on the Breast than on the Breakwater is correlated with the slightly later rise in the temperature of the water on the deeper water ground in the spring.

The Cytology of the Digestive and Salivary Glands of the Limpet, Patella

1963 ◽  
Vol s3-104 (65) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
D. PUGH
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Tubular Gland ◽  
Single Cell Type ◽  
Reserve Food

As reported by earlier investigators, the epithelium of the digestive tubules is composed of two cell-types. One type of cell is glandular, the other type is absorptive and digestive, and to a lesser extent secretory. The latter type of cell also contains glycogen and numerous lipid globules, so that the digestive gland as a whole contains a large quantity of reserve food material. The epithelium of the digestive duct possesses a single cell-type; the cells are ciliated and heavily pigmented, and they produce a viscous secretion. The salivary gland is a compound tubular gland. The cells elaborate a secretion containing protein and probably some carbohydrate.

scholarly journals Atividade relativa da catalase de losna-branca (Parthenium hysterophorus) comparada à de outras espécies daninhas

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-400
Author(s):  
S.J.P. Carvalho ◽  
E.C.R. Machado ◽  
B.S. Marques ◽  
A.P.P. Silva ◽  
R.S.O. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade relativa da catalase em extrato aquoso de losna-branca (Parthenium hysterophorus), bem como comparála à atividade da catalase de outras espécies daninhas. O trabalho constou de três fases, que envolveram a padronização do método, comparação da atividade relativa da catalase de plantas da família Asteraceae e comparação com outras 11 espécies daninhas, sendo estas: Euphorbia heterophylla, Alternanthera tenella, Cenchrus echinatus, Panicum maximum, Amaranthus viridis, Ipomoea hederifolia, Galinsoga parviflora, Bidens pilosa, Sonchus oleraceus, Cyperus rotundus e Commelina benghalensis. Observou-se resposta linear crescente da reação entre extrato aquoso de losna-branca e peróxido de hidrogênio, em razão da concentração do extrato vegetal. Em todas as fases, a atividade relativa da catalase de extrato de losna-branca foi superior à atividade da catalase das demais espécies daninhas. Com os dados obtidos nas três fases, conclui-se que a maior atividade relativa observada para a catalase da losnabranca contribui significativamente para a tolerância dessa espécie ao herbicida paraquat. Essa maior atividade pode ser consequência da maior concentração enzimática nas células ou devido à maior atividade intrínseca da enzima (afinidade enzima-substrato), havendo necessidade de estudos mais precisos para essa conclusão.

Weed shift in a maize ( Zea mays L.) — Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) cropping system

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Subbulakshmi ◽  
P. Subbian ◽  
N. Saravanan ◽  
N. Prabakaran
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium ◽  
Trianthema Portulacastrum ◽  
Panicum Repens

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif (June–September) and rabi (October–January) seasons of 2005–2006 to study the effect of a maize — sunflower cropping system on the weed flora shift. The results revealed a change in weed species, i.e. the appearance of new species and the elimination of certain weed species due to the cropping system. The density of Dinebra retroflexa was high during the 1 st year maize cropping period, but Panicum repens became dominant when sunflower was grown after maize. Cyperus rotundus , originally the dominant sedge, was smothered by Cynodon dactylon due to zero tillage. Dactyloctenium aegyptium was the dominant weed species in maize, while Parthenium hysterophorus was the dominant weed species in sunflower. The proportions of Datura fastuosa, Parthenium hysterophorus, Trianthema portulacastrum, Amaranthus viridis, Amaranthus polygamus, Flaveria austerlagica, Gynandropsis pentaphylla and Portulaca quadrifida were higher during the 1 st year maize cropping season, while later their density was gradually reduced due to the inclusion of sunflower in the system.

A Histochemical Study of the Adipose Cell of the Leech, Glossiphonia Complanata

1956 ◽  
Vol s3-97 (40) ◽  
pp. 499-517
Author(s):  
S. BRADBURY
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharide ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Unsaturated Lipid ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Adipose Cell ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Reserve Food

The adipose cell of the leech Glossiphonia complanata has been studied both morphologically and histochemically. It is more or less globular in shape, with a diameter of from 10 µ to 40 µ; the protoplasm is clearly marked off into two zones, the ground cytoplasm around the periphery of the cell, and a denser, basiphil zone (termed the ‘surround’) which encloses the fat drops and the nucleus. Large thread-like mitochondria are scattered throughout the cell; they are especially numerous in the ‘surround’. Histochemical tests showed that the ground cytoplasm contained arginine, tyrosine, glycogen, RNA, and inorganic iron; the ‘surround’ has, in addition to these, much phospholipid, some unsaturated lipid, and some acid mucopolysaccharide. The large fat drops and some other smaller fat droplets found in the ground cytoplasm are chiefly composed of neutral lipid, possibly triglyceride; they also contain some cholesterol or cholesteryl esters and some unsaturated lipid. The lipochondria of the ground cytoplasm and the ‘surround’ differ from these in that although they may contain some or all of the substances found in the large fat drops, their principal constituent is phospholipid. The mitochondria also react positively to the test for phospholipid. Some granules found in the ‘surround’ and in the ground cytoplasm were shown to contain inorganic iron. The ‘fuchsinophil’ granules of Bobin are almost certainly identical with the lipochondria. Both the large fat drop and the glycogen are reserve food stores.

scholarly journals A Scathel Weed Parthenium hysterophorus Menacing Natural and Agro Ecosystem in Kanchanpur, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
M Joshi ◽  
U. Bhat ◽  
M.D. Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

Eighty plant species were recorded along with Parthenium hysterophorus from different sites, of which 75 species were recorded from site 1, 73 species from site 2 and 77 species from site 3. On the basis of density and IVI, 14 plant species were recorded as dominant (Density >12) among study sites. Alysicarpus vaginalis (17.3), Casia tora (17.0), Cynodon dactylon (19.7), Cyperus rotundus (13.7), Evolvulus nummularis (32.3), Mecardonia procumbens (20.6), Oxalis corniculata (18.6), Parthenium hysterophorus (396.0) and Zizyphus mauritiana (12.0) at site 1. Cynodon dactylon (14.7), Dactyloctenium aegyptium (13.0), Cyperus rotundus (13.0) and Parthenium hysterophorus (135.3) species at site 2 and Cynodon dactylon (19.0), Cyperus rotundus (29.0), Desmodium triflorum (12.6), Digitaria sanguinalis (17.7), Euphorbia hirta (18.6), Evolvulus nummularis (46.6) and Lathirus athaca (12.6) and Parthenium hysterophorus (303.6) species at site 3. The most common species were Evolvulus nummularis, Cynodon dactylon, Imperata cylindrica, Cannabis sativa, Oxalis corniculata, Ageratum haustorium, Lippia nudiflora, Euphorbia hirta, Portulica olearacea, and Solanum xanthocarpum in all sites. From this survey on different sites of Mahendranagar the result obtained as; the maximum density of Parthenium was recorded 396.67 m-2, 135.3 m-2 and 303.7 m-2 at site 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The sign of higher density of Parthenium at site 1 proves the favorable conditions i.e. sandy dry and gravel soil with high temperature. The species richness decreased on increase of Parthenium density in all study sites. Socio-economic surveys recorded health problems for cattle such as skin allergies, wounds, eye redness, and wounds around the mouth, loss of thirst and loss of appetite. The height of the Parthenium was recorded 196.4±2.96 cm, 176 ±7.50 cm and 96.0±9.31 cm at site 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Similarly, highest leaf area, petiole length and circumference was recorded 263.6±22.26 cm2, 8.16±0.77 cm and 7.72±0.64 cm, respectively at site 1, 2 and 3, respectively.

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