scholarly journals Weed diversity in rice crop fields of Fatehgarh Sahib District, Punjab, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 13611-13616
Author(s):  
Yadvinder Singh ◽  
Rai Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rice Fields ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Detailed Survey ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Fatehgarh Sahib

A total of 31 species of weeds belonging to 11 families was collected from rice fields in Fatehgarh District of Punjab between June and November 2017.  Of the 31 species, 15 were dicots and 16 were monocots.  Of the 11 families, six (Portulacaceae, Lythraceae, Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Polygonaceae, and Commelinaceae) were represented by only one species each.  Poaceae was the largest family represented by 10 species, followed by Asteraceae and Cyperaceae with five species each.  The largest genus was Cyperus with four species, followed by Euphorbia, Echinochloa, and Eragrostis with two species each.  Of the 31 weed species, 29 were annual and only two, Cyperus rotundus and Parthenium hysterophorus, were perennials.  More detailed survey work is required on a regular basis to identify possible problematic weeds and new or improved control measures.

scholarly journals A Mystic Weed, Parthenium hysterophorus: Threats, Potentials and Management

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1514
Author(s):  
H. M. Khairul Bashar ◽  
Abdul Shukor Juraimi ◽  
Muhammad Saiful Ahmad-Hamdani ◽  
Md Kamal Uddin ◽  
Norhayu Asib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Potential Applications

Parthenium hysterophorus is an invasive weed species that competes aggressively with other plants and is also allelopathic. It poses a significant risk to human health, livestock, the environment, soil, and agriculture. However, given some clinical studies, its potential for antidiabetic, antioxidant, antitumor, herbicidal, pesticidal, and antimalarial therapies should be researched further in attempts to discover more relevant applications. It can be used as a nutrient-dense, readily available, and cheap fertilizer. Parthenium can also be used as an herbicide, an insecticide, and a phyto-remedial mediator to extract metals and dyes from agricultural waste. Here we provide basic information on the morphology, reproduction, environmental impacts, and management of this species. Effects of methanol, ethanol, hexane, acetone, and aqueous (water) Parthenium extracts are described. Because P. hysterophorus is said to be one of the world’s seven worst weeds, some control measures, including mechanical, chemical, cultural, and biological control, are discussed. The allelopathy of this weed is difficult to regulate, and there are both positive and negative interactions between Parthenium and other species due to allelochemical action. Several toxic phenolic compounds produced by P. hysterophorus are responsible for weed suppression, and we discuss details of their mode of action and potential applications.

Prevalence of Lowland Ecotype Cyperus rotundus L. and Weed Management of Rice Farmers in Aliaga, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
DINDO KING M. DONAYRE ◽  
EDWIN C. MARTIN ◽  
MADONNA C. CASIMERO ◽  
LEYLANI M. JULIANO ◽  
JESUSA C. BELTRAN
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Rice Farmers

Cyperus rotundus L. was reported as dominant weed in upland rice areas and a minor problem in the rainfed lowland. However, it has evolved as second mostdominant weed in rainfed and irrigated lowland rice fields (rice-vegetable system) in three villages of San Jose City, Nueva Ecija.  Its occurrence in the monoculture rice production system has never been explored especially in irrigated lowland rice fields of Nueva Ecija.  Field surveys and interviews were conducted in 2005- 2006 to determine the prevalence of lowland ecotype C. rotundus and how farmers manage it in irrigated lowland rice fields of Aliaga, Nueva Ecija. In 2004, lowland rice fields of Nueva Ecija where the rice-rice cropping system was commonly established were surveyed. Aliaga was surveyed to calculate the incidence and map the distribution of the weed. To check whether C. rotundus was a problem, 40 randomly selected rice farmers were interviewed using a guided questionnaire. Results of the survey revealed that 9 of 26 villages in Aliaga had 1 - 10% infestation of C. rotundus; 3 had 11 - 20%; and 5 had more than 20%. Infestation was high in areas with low elevations. Even taller than cultivated rice, C. rotundus was the most commonly encountered and dominant weed species and had already existed for 5-20 years in the field. Herbicide application (MCPA at a rate of 1-1.5 L ha) was the most commonly used weed management practice against the weed. Keywords - Cyperus rotundus, weed control, herbicide, prevalence, farmers’ practices, ecotype, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

scholarly journals Weed diversity of the family Poaceae in Bangladesh Agricultural University campus and their ethnobotanical uses

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-379
Author(s):  
Ashaduzzaman Sagar ◽  
Jannat -E- Tajkia ◽  
A.K.M. Golam Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
The Family ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Ethnobotanical Uses

A taxonomic study on the weeds of the family Poaceae growing throughout the Bangladesh Agricultural University campus was carried out to determine species diversity of grasses in the campus. A total of 81 species under 46 genera and 2 subfamilies of the family Poaceae were collected and identified; their uses in various ailments were also recorded. Out of the three subfamilies, no weed from the subfamily Bambusoideae was found. Among the genera, Digitaria, Eragrostis, Brachiaria, Panicum, Echinochloa and Sporobolus were most dominant in context to number of species with a total of 29 species. While 28 genera were represented by single species each in BAU campus; of these 15 genera were in Bangladesh as well. Some of them are major and obnoxious weeds in different crop fields including staples rice and wheat. The flowering period will be helpful for the management of respective weed population. Many of these weed species have high economical, ethnomedicinal and other uses. The phenological study of these weed taxa will be helpful in managing weeds of the family Poaceae of this campus as well as the whole country without affecting the agro-ecosystem by keeping the weed population below a threshold level. J.Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(3): 372–379, December 2018

Competition dynamics of Parthenium hysterophorus in direct-seeded aerobic rice fields

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Bajwa ◽  
Aman Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan ◽  
Steve Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Parthenium Weed

AbstractParthenium hysterophorus is a prolific invasive weed species, which infests many crops in over 40 countries around the world. A 2-year field study was carried out to quantify the potential impacts of this weed on direct-seeded rice. Parthenium weed was allowed to compete for 2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks after crop emergence, while full season weedy and weed-free plots were maintained as controls. Parthenium weed plants grew taller and attained more biomass as the competition duration prolonged. The yield and yield-related attributes of rice were negatively affected with increasing competition duration. The season-long competition caused the highest reductions in panicle number (28–34%), panicle length (26–27%), grains per panicle (22–23%) and grain yield (33 and 38%) of rice in both years. Weed competition for 2–8 weeks caused 5–34% and 6–33% losses in rice grain yield during both years, respectively. Importantly, Parthenium weed control after 8 weeks of competition did not improve rice yield significantly. The results suggested that Parthenium weed should be controlled in rice fields between 4 and 8 weeks after crop emergence under direct-seeded conditions to avoid over 10% yield losses.

Weed shift in a maize ( Zea mays L.) — Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) cropping system

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Subbulakshmi ◽  
P. Subbian ◽  
N. Saravanan ◽  
N. Prabakaran
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium ◽  
Trianthema Portulacastrum ◽  
Panicum Repens

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif (June–September) and rabi (October–January) seasons of 2005–2006 to study the effect of a maize — sunflower cropping system on the weed flora shift. The results revealed a change in weed species, i.e. the appearance of new species and the elimination of certain weed species due to the cropping system. The density of Dinebra retroflexa was high during the 1 st year maize cropping period, but Panicum repens became dominant when sunflower was grown after maize. Cyperus rotundus , originally the dominant sedge, was smothered by Cynodon dactylon due to zero tillage. Dactyloctenium aegyptium was the dominant weed species in maize, while Parthenium hysterophorus was the dominant weed species in sunflower. The proportions of Datura fastuosa, Parthenium hysterophorus, Trianthema portulacastrum, Amaranthus viridis, Amaranthus polygamus, Flaveria austerlagica, Gynandropsis pentaphylla and Portulaca quadrifida were higher during the 1 st year maize cropping season, while later their density was gradually reduced due to the inclusion of sunflower in the system.

scholarly journals The Effect of Weed Management on Seed Banks in Paddy Rice Fields 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yayan Sumekar ◽  
Dedi Widayat
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Marchantia Polymorpha ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Herbicide Use

Abstract Weeds are one of the problems in rice plants, so the presence of weeds in rice fields must be controlled. Different ways of managing weeds on agricultural land can affect the seed bank of weeds in the soil. This study aims to determine differences in weed seed banks due to differences in weed management, especially the use of herbicides in lowland rice. The study was conducted at the Agricultural Training and Development Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Bandung Regency, Indonesia from May–July 2020. The study used a paddy field plot consisting of intensive, less intensive use of herbicides and non-herbicide use. This research was conducted with survey and descriptive methods to see the type and composition of weeds at a certain depth and to see differences in seed banks. Observations were made including analysis of weed vegetation, community coefficients, weed diversity, weed dominance and differences in seed bank from depth. The results showed that there were 7 weed species found, namely Rorippa palustris, Monochoria vaginalis, Leptochloa chinensis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Eclipta prostate, Lindernia procumbens, and Marchantia polymorpha. Weed management with herbicides is proven to reduce weed populations that grow.

scholarly journals Parthenium hysterophorus and Cyperus rotundus: alternative sources of food for Honeybees during dearth period

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1177-1180
Author(s):  
Indu Kumari ◽  
Rajesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Bee Bread ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Reserve Food

ABSTRACT: Honeybees are the small wonderful creatures which depend upon flowers for their food. Worker bees always keep on collecting food (pollen & nectar) and store it inside the comb. They later transform pollen into bee bread and nectar into honey with the help of enzymatic activity. Both bee bread and honey are used as reserve food material by bees during harsh weather to maintain their population which otherwise gets affected due to non-availability of flowers. The situation becomes more severe if dearth period run for longer time as the food stores inside the colony gets depleted. At this time, bees start collecting pollen from wild flowers/weeds available in the vicinity of apiary. During summer/monsoon dearth period, many weeds and herbs germinate in the wasteland or crop fields. Parthenium hysterophorus and Cyperus rotundus are two important weeds which are in full bloom during this period. Although, both these weeds are not considered good for the environment especially Parthenium causes various ill effects to human health, honeybees forage upon these weeds with great interest. In the present study, foraging activity of Apis mellifera was observed on both the weeds.

Suppression of Weed Occurrence in a Five-year Corn-earthworm Coculture System

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Jiequn Fan ◽  
Zhenguan Qian ◽  
Guohui Yuan ◽  
Dandan Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Species ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Successive Experiment

Abstract The use of a corn-earthworm coculture (CE) system is an eco-agricultural technology that has been gradually extended due to its high economic output and diverse ecological benefits for urban agriculture in China. However, the effect of CE on weed occurrence has received little attention. A five-year successive experiment (2015 to 2019) was conducted to compare weed occurrence in CE and a corn (Zea mays L.) monoculture (CM). The results show that CE significantly decreased weed diversity, the dominance index, total weed density and biomass, but increased the weed evenness index. The five-year mean number of weed species per plot was 8.4 in CE and 10.7 in CM. Compared to those in CM, the five-year mean density and biomass of total weeds in CE decreased by 59.2% and 66.6%, respectively. The effect of CE on weed occurrence was species specific. The mean density of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.], goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.], and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) in CE decreased by 94.5, 78.1, 75.0, and 45.8%, whereas the mean biomass decreased by 96.2, 80.8, 76.9, and 41.4%, respectively. Our study suggests that the use of CE could suppress weed occurrence and reduce herbicide inputs in agriculture.

scholarly journals Effect of duration of weed competition and weed control on the yield of Indian spinach

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
MSA Khan ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
M Nurul Islam ◽  
SN Mahfuza ◽  
MK Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Crop Weed Competition

Field experiments were conducted at the research farm of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur during kharif-1 (March to July) seasons of 2005 and 2006 to identify the critical period of crop-weed competition for Indian spinach. Major weed species were Paspalurn commersoni, Echinochlaa crusgalli. Lie nv/nc india. Cyanotis axillaris and Cyperus rotundus. The lowest weed dry matter was 76.3 g m-2 in 2005 and l01.60 g m-2 in 2006 from the plots weeded up to 40 days after transplanting (DAT). The highest yields were obtained (74.82 t ha in 2005 and 48.48 t ha in 2006) from the weed free plots. The fresh yield of Indian spinach did not vary among no weeding upto 20, 30 and 40 DAT in 2006. But weeded plot upto 30 and 40 DAT produced identical yield in 2005. Maximum BCR (4.52) was obtained from weeded plots upto 30 DAT in 2005 but BCR (2.60) was same from weeded upto 30 and 40 DA F in 2006. On an average, highest BCR (3.55) was recorded from weeding upto 30 DAT. Results revealed that the critical period of crop weed competition lies between 20 and 30 DAT and two times hand weeding would be necessary within 30 DAT for maximum benefit. Key Words: Crop-weed competitions, critical period, weed management and Indian spinach. doi: 10.3329/bjar.v33i4.2306 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(4) : 623-629, December 2008

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