A Histochemical Study of the Adipose Cell of the Leech, Glossiphonia Complanata

1956 ◽  
Vol s3-97 (40) ◽  
pp. 499-517
Author(s):  
S. BRADBURY
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharide ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Unsaturated Lipid ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Adipose Cell ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Reserve Food

The adipose cell of the leech Glossiphonia complanata has been studied both morphologically and histochemically. It is more or less globular in shape, with a diameter of from 10 µ to 40 µ; the protoplasm is clearly marked off into two zones, the ground cytoplasm around the periphery of the cell, and a denser, basiphil zone (termed the ‘surround’) which encloses the fat drops and the nucleus. Large thread-like mitochondria are scattered throughout the cell; they are especially numerous in the ‘surround’. Histochemical tests showed that the ground cytoplasm contained arginine, tyrosine, glycogen, RNA, and inorganic iron; the ‘surround’ has, in addition to these, much phospholipid, some unsaturated lipid, and some acid mucopolysaccharide. The large fat drops and some other smaller fat droplets found in the ground cytoplasm are chiefly composed of neutral lipid, possibly triglyceride; they also contain some cholesterol or cholesteryl esters and some unsaturated lipid. The lipochondria of the ground cytoplasm and the ‘surround’ differ from these in that although they may contain some or all of the substances found in the large fat drops, their principal constituent is phospholipid. The mitochondria also react positively to the test for phospholipid. Some granules found in the ‘surround’ and in the ground cytoplasm were shown to contain inorganic iron. The ‘fuchsinophil’ granules of Bobin are almost certainly identical with the lipochondria. Both the large fat drop and the glycogen are reserve food stores.

scholarly journals A Histochemical Study of the Organic Matrix of Hen Egg-Shells

1957 ◽  
Vol s3-98 (41) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
K. SIMKISS ◽  
C. TYLER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharide ◽  
The Core ◽  
Spongy Layer ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Protein Portion ◽  
Hen Egg

A study of the organic material of the hen egg-shell has been made by the use of recognized histochemical techniques. It has been found that, in the so-called spongy layer of the shell, the organic matrix consists of a protein / acid mucopolysaccharide complex. The organic material of the mammillary layer appears to be more concentrated in a central core, and is somewhat different in that it contains fat and a reducing substance. The protein / acid mucopolysaccharide complex is a collagen-like material, but is probably not collagen itself because the protein portion is low in hydroxyproline and the acid mucopolysaccharide is most likely mucoitin and not chondroitin sulphuric acid. The results are discussed in relation to shell calcification and it is suggested that the protein / acid mucopolysaccharide complex is first firmly attached to the keratin of the membrane, but once this is accomplished it links on to material of its own kind. Calcification proceeds simultaneously, but near the points of contact with the membrane (i.e. in the core of each mammilla) calcification is not so intense as it is in the rest of the shell.

scholarly journals The Cytoplasmic Inclusions of a Mammalian Sympathetic Neurone: A Histochemical Study

1955 ◽  
Vol s3-96 (33) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
W. G. BRUCE CASSELMAN ◽  
JOHN R. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Histochemical Methods ◽  
Histochemical Tests

1. The neurones studied were those of the anterior mesenteric and coeliac ganglia of immature rabbits. 2. Ectoplasm and endoplasm can be distinguished in these cells. 3. Two kinds of cytoplasmic inclusions occur. These are (a) spherical or spheroid lipid globules or lipochondria, which are confined to the endoplasm; and (b) very minute threads and granules, regarded as mitochondria. 4. A wide variety of histochemical tests was used. The results indicate that the lipochondria consist of galactolipid (cerebrosid) and phospholipid, though the smallest ones may perhaps consist of galactolipid only. 5. The objects regarded as mitochondria are too small for accurate investigation by in situ histochemical methods, but they give positive reactions for phospholipid and protein.

The structure and possible function of the ventral papillae of Notocotylus triserialis Diesing, 1839

Parasitology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M. MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharide ◽  
Acid And Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Pyriform Cells

SUMMARYNotocotylus triserialis bears three rows of eversible papillae on its ventral surface. These papillae, which in living worms are firmly applied to the host mucosa, contain numerous pyriform cells. Histochemical tests indicate the presence, within the papillar cells, of protein, lipid, haemoglobin and esterase, and the absence of carbohydrate, acid mucopolysaccharide, RNA, haemosiderin and acid and alkaline phosphatase. Transmission electron microscopy shows the tegument of the papillae to be similar to the non-papillar ventral tegument. The pyriform cells contain many mitochondria with numerous cristae. A mechanism is proposed whereby the musculature of the worm effects the retraction and eversion of the ventral papillae.

scholarly journals Anatomy and histochemistry of the leaf blade of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 620-633
Author(s):  
Rafaela Damasceno Sá ◽  
Karina Perrelli Randau
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

ABSTRACT: Diabetes is a noncommunicable disease responsible for about 1.6 million deaths in 2016 worldwide. The use of medicinal plants is commonly reported in the literature as an adjuvant in the treatment of diabetes. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, popularly known as azeitona preta or jambolão, is an important medicinal species of the Myrtaceae family used for diabetes. This work aimed to conduct an anatomical and histochemical study of the leaf blade of S. cumini. Semipermanent histological slides were prepared for analysis of the leaf blade in optical microscopy, polarization and scanning electron microscopy. Histochemical tests were performed in cross-sections of fresh leaf slides, using specific reagents for each group of metabolites. Microscopic analysis allowed the identification of important elements in the diagnosis of the species. The histochemical tests evidenced the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins, triterpenes and steroids, alkaloids, essential oils, lipophilic compounds, starch, lignin and calcium oxalate crystals. The results presented contribute to the pharmacobotanical standardization of the species. KEYWORDS: pharmacobotany, microscopy, Myrtaceae.

Ontogenetic, anatomical and histochemical study of the extrafloral nectaries of Sapium biglandulosum (Euphorbiaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ítalo Antônio Cotta Coutinho ◽  
Vânia Maria Moreira Valente ◽  
Renata Maria Strozi Alves Meira
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Extrafloral Nectaries ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Total Sugar Concentration

The present paper aims to confirm the nature of secretory structures found on the petiole and leaf margins of Sapium biglandulosum Müell. Arg. The anatomy, ontogenesis and histochemistry were studied by light microscopy, whereas mono- and disaccharides in the exudates were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. The exudate from the petiole had a total sugar concentration of 32.5% (w/v), of which 38.1% was fructose, 43.7% glucose and 18.2% sucrose. The petiolar gland started its development from a group of meristematic cells that underwent asynchronous divisions. At the end of the ontogenesis, a well structured vascularised gland made up of a palisade secretory epidermis, secretory parenchyma and a secretory pore was observed. Leaf-margin glands showed a similar anatomy. Histochemical tests revealed the presence of proteins, pectins, carbohydrates, tannins and anthocyanins. On the basis of our results, there is compelling evidence that the studied glands are in fact extrafloral nectaries.

The Distribution of Neutral Lipids in Shark Tissues

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Sargent ◽  
R. R. Gatten ◽  
R. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Class ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Wax Esters ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
A Minor

Neutral lipid classes were analysed in the livers, muscles and sera of Deania, Centroscymnus, Squalus and Prionace. All three squaloid sharks contained triglycerides and alkyldiacylglycerols and the two deep sea squaloids contained additionally hydrocarbons. Prionace contained triglycerides and hydrocarbons but no alkyldiacylglycerols. For a given species the class compositions of the lipids were similar in liver, muscle and serum, except that serum contained additionally cholesteryl esters and wax esters. Cholesteryl esters in Squalus serum were rich in oleic acid whereas wax esters were very rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Squalus serum contained a major and a minor lipoprotein species both of which transport all four neutral lipids in serum. It is concluded that, with the exception of cholesteryl and wax esters in serum, neutral lipids are distributed between shark tissues by a mechanism that is relatively non-specific with respect to lipid class.

scholarly journals A Histochemical Study of Pulmonary Hyaline Membrane

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-432
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Premature Newborn ◽  
Hyaline Membranes ◽  
Hyaline Membrane ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Lung Capillaries ◽  
Age Range

The object of the present study was to attempt to resolve the question as to whether hyaline membranes are formed from aspiration of amniotic fluid or from an exudation in alveoli and bronchioles as the result of vascular injury. A number of histochemical tests and spectrographic examination were applied to tissues exhibiting hyaline membranes. It was concluded that the membrane is derived from the lung capillaries as the result of an exudative process following intense congestion of the alveolar capillaries. Hyaline membrane is thus considered to be a blood derivative rather than the result of aspiration of amniotic fluid. It is pointed out that the use of medicated mists to dissolve the membrane was illogical and as futile as attempting to cure diphtheria by scraping the membrane from the throat. No clue was found as to the cause for the exudation which leads to the formation of hyaline membrane. Although hyaline membranes occur mainly in premature newborn infants, they have been found in the lungs in a number of conditions outside of the neonatal age range.

A Histochemical Study of the Connective Tissue-Fibres in the Leech, Glossiphonia Complanata

1957 ◽  
Vol s3-98 (41) ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
S. BRADBURY
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Cell Body ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Histochemical Tests

The fibres and the connective tissue ground-substance of Glossiphonia complanata have been studied morphologically and histochemically. The fibres, which run in the connective tissue-substance between the organs of the body, are cytoplasmic extensions of bipolar or multipolar cells. The average diameter of the fibres is between 1 and 2 µ, and a single fibre may exceed 100 µ in length. Each fibre is differentiated into a cortex and a medulla. The cortex contains arginine, and some acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides; this suggests that it is collagenous. The medulla is an extension of the protoplasm of the cell-body. The cell-body of the fibre has a basiphil cytoplasm, which contains arginine, acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides, and much ribonucleic acid. Spherical lipochondria up to 4 µ in diameter are present in the cytoplasm, especially near the nucleus; they contain chiefly phospholipid. Threadlike mitochondria are present in the cytoplasm of this cell. The connective tissue ground-substance is present as a matrix between the cells and organs of the body. Histochemical tests showed that it contains small amounts of arginine, tyrosine, neutral and acid mucopolysaccharides. The refractive index of the ground-substance is about 1.35

A Cytological and Histochemical Study of the Connective Tissue Fibres of the Leech, Hirudo medicinalis

1958 ◽  
Vol s3-99 (46) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
S. BRADBURY
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Cell Body ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Hirudo Medicinalis ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharide ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

The fibres and the connective-tissue ground-substance of Hirudo medicinalis resemble those of the rhynchobdellid leech Glossiphonia complanata in general form and chemical composition. The fibres show a differentiation into ‘cortex’ and ‘medulla’. The ‘cortex’ is found to contain arginine, and acid mucopolysaccharide but no tyrosine or lipids; these results suggest that it is collagenous. Confirmation of this supposition is provided by the X-ray diffraction pattern. The ‘medulla’ is an extension of the cell-body of the fibrocyte. The cytoplasm of the fibrocyte is found to contain three types of inclusion: mitochondria; spherical lipochondria about 1µ in diameter, which seem to consist of phospholipid; and larger triglyceride droplets. The cytoplasm also contains diffuse phospholipid and granular accumulations of acid mucopolysaccharide. The connective tissue ground-substance resembles that of Glossiphonia in its properties and chemical composition, though there seems to be a higher proportion of acid mucopolysaccharide in the ground-substance of Hirudo.

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