scholarly journals Short Communication: Phytochemical diversity and bioactivity of Malaysian Premna cordifolia (Lamiaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
DZULSUHAIMI DAUD ◽  
MUHAMMAD SHAFIQ AZAMUDIN MD DEWA ◽  
EMI NORZEHAN MOHAMAD MAHBOB ◽  
WAN RAZARINAH WAN ABDUL RAZAK
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
World Health ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract. Daud D, Dewa MSAM, Mahbob ENM, Razak WRWA. 2021. Short Communication: Phytochemical diversity and bioactivity of Malaysian Premna cordifolia (Lamiaceae). Biodiversitas 22: 3245-3248. The aims of the present study are to determine the chelation potential and protective effect of Premna cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract in lead intoxicated mice. Twenty-four male mice were divided into four groups with six animals each. Group 1 was healthy mice and received 2 ml/kg bwt distilled water. Group 2 was healthy mice and supplemented with 200 mg/kg bwt P. cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract. Group 3 was lead intoxicated mice and received 2 ml/kg bwt distilled water. Group 4 was lead intoxicated mice and supplemented with 200 mg/kg bwt P. cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract. All treatments were given for 14 days. Chelation activity was determined by measuring the concentrations of lead in the liver, kidney and testis by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Sperm quality was tested according to World Health Organization manual and testosterone was estimated by using ELISA kit. Spectroscopic data showed that P. cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract was able to lower lead concentrations in liver, kidney and testis of lead intoxicated mice. Following a decrease in lead concentrations, sperm quality and testosterone levels were restored in lead intoxicated mice supplemented with P. cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract. In conclusion, P. cordifolia leaves ethanolic extract has the potential to be developed as an alternative remedy for treating lead poisoning effects.

162 EFFECT OF THE SPERM SELECTION WITH ISOLATE® OR PERCOLL® ON SPERM QUALITY AND IN VITRO BOVINE EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT FOR FROZEN - THAWED SEXED AND NONSEXED SEMEN

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
G. A. Bó ◽  
P. Rodriguez Villamil ◽  
G. Moreira ◽  
M. E. Garcia Gomez ◽  
M. Fernandez Taranco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Sperm Selection ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sexed Semen ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2 different commercially available spermatozoa separation techniques, Isolate® (Irving-Scientific, Santa Ana, CA, USA) and Percoll® (Nutricell, São Paulo, Brazil), on sperm quality and in vitro embryo production using sexed and nonsexed semen. Oocytes (n = 5046) were obtained from slaughterhouse ovaries and fertilized with frozen-thawed sexed or nonsexed semen from the same 4 Holstein bulls. The experiment was done in 10 replicates, with all treatment groups included. Sperm quality (motility, concentration, morphology and membrane integrity) was evaluated and compared before and after sperm selection by the 2 methods. Oocytes were maturated in TCM-199 supplemented with 0.4% of BSA for 24 h in a controlled atmosphere and then selected and randomly allocated into 4 different groups. Group 1: oocytes fertilized with sexed semen selected by Percoll®; Group 2: oocytes fertilized with sexed semen selected by Isolate®; Group 3: oocytes fertilized with nonsexed semen selected by Percoll®; Group 4: oocytes fertilized with nonsexed semen selected by Isolate®. Fertilization was performed in Fert-TALP medium for 18 h under the same conditions as maturation. Presumptive zygotes were cultured for 7 days in SOF medium in a 39°C humidified incubator with 5% CO2, 5% O2 and 90% N2. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were evaluated on Day 2 and 7, respectively, after fertilization. Proportional data were transformed by square root and then analysed by ANOVA, with type of semen and sperm selection method as the main effects. Regardless of the sperm selection technique, sperm motility and percentage of normal sperm increased (P < 0.005) from the initial post-thaw parameters. For nonsexed semen, Percoll® gradient increased the recovery rate (i.e. final concentration/initial concentration × 100; 57.3 ± 2.7) compared with Isolate® (46.0 ± 1.8; P < 0.05). Furthermore, sperm selected by Isolate® presented significant improvements compared with Percoll® gradient on membrane integrity of sexed (41.0 ± 0.6 vs 38.8 ± 0.8) and nonsexed semen (60.8 ± 1.6 vs 58.8 ± 0.5; P < 0.05). Finally, blastocyst production rates were higher (P < 0.05) for sexed (Group 2: 14.0 ± 1.0) or nonsexed semen (Group 4: 22.0 ± 1.1) selected by Isolate® than for sexed (Group 1: 10.5 ± 1.5) or nonsexed semen (Group 3: 17.0 ± 2.1) selected with Percoll®. In conclusion, selection of both sexed and nonsexed semen for IVF with Isolate® resulted in higher quality sperm and higher embryo production rates than Percoll®.

scholarly journals Avaliação de meios para armazenagem de resíduos de amálgama de prata

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Carmen Beatriz Borges Fortes ◽  
Susana Maria Werner Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Initial Storage

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shown efectiveness by different ways of storage of amalgam residues, to reduce the liberation of mercury from such residues to the air ambience and to compare with lhe highest value established by the NR-15 (regulation norm number 15) from the decroe number 3214, of the brazilian labor ministry, dated from june, 8 h of 1978. As mercury source, amalgam in capsules of the brand Dispersalloy (Dentsplay) was used after grinding, in the mechanic amalgamizer varimix II (caulk), the quantity of amalgam in cach capsule was collected from a sieve that had a mesh with mm of width to standardize lhe fragmentation. The fragmented amalgam was stored in jars made of transparent polypropylene, that could store 5()() ml; one of the jars was kept in a dry atmosphere (group l), and the others were immersed in distilled water (group 2), in glycerin (group 3) and in a solution of dentistry x-ray fixer (group 4). These jars were kept tightly shut, and put inside a bigger polypropylene recipient, during the time they were stored. Thirty minutes after the storage of the fragments, the jars were opened and air samples were collected around each of the four jars. The same procedure was performed 30 days after the initial storage. A Pump Sampler of Air manufactured by SKCâ was used to do the air collection. The air samples were analyzed by a spectrophotorneter of atomic absorption, to determinate the quantity of mercury. This analysis showed the following mercury concentration rates in the air samples, from the first and the second collection of the four groups, in the following order: group I 6,100 mg/m3 and 0,816 mg/m3 ; group 2 - 0,252 mg/rn3 and 0,157 mg/m 3 ; group 3 — 0,071 mg/m3 and 0,005 mg/m3 ; groui) 4 — 0,256 mg/m3 and 0,005 mg/m3. The results showed that glycerin is the safest way to store amalgam residues, since the quantity of mercuor vapor found in the air, in both collections: the first one and the other 30 days after, never surpassed the highest value established by NR-15 (Regulation Norm number 15), also demonstrating, bigger security, since the initial period of storage of these residues.

scholarly journals Increase of gastric area and weight gain in rats submitted to the ingestion of gasified water

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Roberto Ferreira Santiago ◽  
Shoiti Kobayasi ◽  
José Mauro Granjeiro
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Water Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Carbonic Gas

PURPOSE: Due to the progressive increasing in the use of gasified drinks and weight gain in the Brazilian population, in addition to the fact that carbonic gas is present in all soft drinks, an experimental study was conducted using rats as the subject to investigate the effects of gasified water in the hydric ingestion and food intake, weight gain, gastric area, blood sugar, hematocrit, and hemoglobin. METHODS: Four groups of 12 rats were studied for 36 days while receiving the following daily diet, four times per day: Group 1 - 35g/day of rat food "ad libitum" and 20ml of non-gasified water; Group 2 - 35g/day of rat food "ad libitum" and 20 ml of gasified water; Group 3 - 10g/day of rat food "ad libitum" and 20ml of non-gasified water; and Group 4 - 10g/day of rat food "ad libitum" and 20ml of gasified water. RESULTS: The results showed that the animals submitted to the treatment with gasified water (Groups 2 and 4), presented a larger volume of hydric ingestion and significant increase of the gastric area (p<0,001). In group 2, the food intake and the weight gain were significant (p<0,01). Blood sugar, hematocrit and hemoglobin data didn't show significant alterations among the studied groups. CONCLUSION: The authors of this study concluded that gasified water favored the hydric ingestion, food intake, and weight gain, as well as expanded the gastric area.

scholarly journals Do alcoholic beverages interfere in the force of orthodontic elastics?

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Melo PITHON ◽  
Jéssica Rocha BARRETTO ◽  
Camilla Souza Santos ANDRADE ◽  
Fernando Pereira de NOVAES ◽  
Murilo de Novaes LUZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Control Group Group ◽  
Group 1

Objective: To evaluate the effects of different alcoholic beverages on the decline in force of orthodontic elastics. Material and method: In a laboratory study, 6 groups of alcoholic beverages were tested. Control group (Group 1) was composed of distilled water. Experimental groups were Whisky (Group 2), Brandy (Group 3), Vodka (Group 4), Beer (Group 5), Sugar Cane Spirit/Rum (Group 6), Wine (Group 7). In the experimental groups, templates were used to enable elastics to be submerged in the alcoholic beverages for 30 seconds once a day. Force was measured with a digital dynamometer in six different time intervals: baseline, 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Result: There were no significant differences between the treatments in the time intervals: baseline, 7, 14 and 28 days. There were statistical differences between Group 7 and the others in the first 24 hours, and between Group 1 and the others after 21 days. After 28 days, there were no significant differences in the force pattern among all groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Alcoholic beverages had no influence on the decline in force of the chain elastics.

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera root in wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 2107
Author(s):  
Kunjumon Dayana ◽  
Megaravalli R. Manasa
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Conjugated Dienes ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Background: Free radicals generated as by-products of metabolism can cause damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. They are scavenged by endogenous antioxidant mechanisms. But when these mechanisms are overwhelmed, free radicals can cause toxicity. There is a need to identify new antioxidant compounds. Hence the current study was undertaken to assess the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera roots in Wistar rats.Methods: Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 (control) were administered vehicle. Group 2 received DMBA (30mg/kg BW, single dose) intraperitoneally on day 5. Group 3 was pre-treated with Calotropis procera root extract (500mg/kg BW) orally for 5 days. On day 5, they were given DMBA injection 2 hrs after the extract. Group 4 rats received only root extract for 5 days. All rats were sacrificed on day 6 and samples were analysed for TBARS, conjugated dienes and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) levels.Results: The levels of TBARS, conjugated dienes were significantly increased, and antioxidant enzymes were decreased in group 2 both in plasma and erythrocytes. Pretreatment with C. procera root extract (group 3) has normalized the TBARS and conjugated dienes levels in plasma but in erythrocytes, TBARS levels are elevated. GPx activity was significantly decreased in both plasma and erythrocytes and SOD activity was decreased in erythrocytes. CAT activity was comparable to control group. Group 4 rats showed TBARS, conjugated dienes and antioxidant enzymes levels comparable to control.Conclusions: The present study establishes that Calotropis procera root extract has antioxidant activity in wistar rats.

P–110 Does the Body Mass Index affect sperm quality?

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Badalotti-Teloken ◽  
C Teloken ◽  
V Dornelles ◽  
A Arent ◽  
A Petracco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Study question Does the body mass index (BMI) have an impact on semen analysis results? Summary answer The increase in BMI has a negative impact on sperm motility. What is known already Obesity is an increasingly prevalent health condition worldwide and can affect male fertility in various ways. It is known that obesity can cause testicular inflammation, higher testicular temperature, hypogonadism, sperm DNA fragmentation, and erectile dysfunction. However, there are still conflicting data regarding the correlation between BMI and semen parameters in the seminal analysis. Study design, size, duration Observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study using data from 1147 patients seen at a private infertility clinic between 2010 and 2020. The data were collected from electronic records in a prospective database. Participants/materials, setting, methods Patients were divided according to BMI (healthy weight, overweight, obesity classes I, II, III), and their seminal profiles were compared, according to 2010’s World Health Organization’s parameters. Cancer, cryptorchidism, viral orchitis, altered karyotype, Y chromosome microdeletions, vasectomy reversion, and testosterone use were excluding factors. Student t-tests and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analysis. The results were adjusted for age, alcohol, tobacco, and drug use, medication intake, physical activity, comorbidities, and scrotum heat factors. Main results and the role of chance From a total of 1384 patients, 219 were excluded. The BMI varied between 18,9 and 50,8 kg/m². From the 1147 patients, 297 had BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m² (healthy weight, group 1), 611 had BMI 25–29.9 kg/m² (overweight, group 2), 179 had BMI 30–34.5 kg/m² (obese, group 3), 60 had BMI ≥ 35 kg/m² (extremely obese, group 4). The mean age for groups 1 through 4 was 37.6, 38.5, 38.2, and 36.5 years old. The comparison of the groups’ seminal parameters shows a significant decrease in progressive and total motility in patients with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m².The progressive motility was 43.8% in group 1, 44.1% in group 2, 42.4% in group 3, and 35.2% in group 4 (p = 0.07) and the total motility was 54.4%, 54.1%, 53.6%, and 45.9%, respectively (p = 0.012). The complementary analysis determined BMI 29 kg/m² as the cutoff for negative impact on progressive motility (p = 0.044) and 31 kg/m² on total motility (p = 0.036). The results were still significant after age, use of cannabis, and hypertension adjustments – the other possible interfering factors were not significant. Limitations, reasons for caution Besides the fact that this was a retrospective study, it also has a smaller sample size of patients with extreme obesity. This is probably related to the fact that the patients seeking reproductive treatment in a private clinic have a greater purchasing power and lower prevalence of obesity. Wider implications of the findings: In this study, sperm quality is negatively affected by BMI, with impairment since 29 kg/m² for progressive and 31 kg/m² for total motility. Our data support the potential deleterious role of obesity on semen parameters, reinforcing the importance of weight control in infertility prevention. Trial registration number Not applicable

scholarly journals The Effect of the Presence of Lower Urinary System Symptoms on the Prognosis of COVID-19: Preliminary Results of a Prospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 853-858
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Karabulut ◽  
Ahmet Emre Cinislioglu ◽  
Nazan Cinislioglu ◽  
Fatih Kursat Yilmazel ◽  
Mustafa  Utlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Lower Urinary

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To investigate the effectiveness of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)-related lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which occur as a natural result of aging and androgen exposure, in predicting disease prognosis in male patients diagnosed with COVID-19. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study was planned prospectively. The study included 63 male patients over 40 years of age diagnosed with COVID-19. The patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 based on the results of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests of oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs obtained as per the World Health Organization guidelines. The presence of LUTS was assessed by the International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS), a subjective assessment, and the I-PSS was filled for the patients included in the study. The patients were divided into three groups based on their scores in the I-PSS survey: group 1: mild (0–7), group 2: moderate (8–19), and group 3: severe (20–35). The data of all three groups were statistically analyzed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the assessment performed between the groups, it was identified that for patients in group 3, the length of hospital stay was longer, intensive care requirement was more frequent, and their mortality rates were numerically higher. In the evaluation made regarding the time to intensive care admittance, this was identified to be the shortest in group 3. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> As a result of our study, we think that in patients with COVID-19, BPH-related LUTS can guide clinicians in predicting prognosis.

scholarly journals Ethanolic Extract of Emilia sonchifolia Leaves Possess Erythropoietic and Hepatoprotective Effect in Mice Infected with Plasmodium Berghei Berghei

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Innocent A. Edagha ◽  
Koofreh G. Davies ◽  
Blessing C. Akpan ◽  
Christopher C. Mbadugha ◽  
Wonderful U. Udoiso
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim: This study was designed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Emilia sonchifolia on the haematological parameters and histomorphology of the liver of male Swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei berghei (Pbb).Material and Methods: 35 mice were divided into; Group 1 (control) given normal saline 0.3 ml, Group 2 passaged with Pbb only, Group 3 passaged with Pbb, and then treated with Coartem®, Group 4 treated with E. sonchifolia 325 mg/kg only, Group 5 treated with E. sonchifolia 650 mg/kg only, Group 6 passaged with Pbb then treated with E. sonchifolia 325 mg/kg, while Group 7 was passaged with Pbb then treated with E. sonchifolia 650 mg/kg. Pbb was passaged intraperitoneally, while the test drug and extracts was given via orogavage once daily.Results: The result showed significantly (P<0.001) reduced RBC parameters at in Group 5 treated with 650 mg/kg similar with Group 2 compared to Group 1, while there was significant (P<0.01) increased WBC and differentials in Parasitized groups compared with Group 1. The micrographs showed slightly inflamed nuclei in Group 4, with few nuclei shrinkage Group 5, whereas in the parasitized groups treated with the extract there appeared to be hepatoprotection compared to Group 2.Conclusion: In conclusion, the extract promotes erythropoiesis at 325 mg/kg, but was haemolytic at 650 mg/kg, and exerts its effect possibly through an agonistic and a synergistic activity of its rich bioactive ingredients. It showed mild toxic effect in the histomorphology of the non-parasitized mice at 325 mg/kg and 650 mg/kg, and also appeared to offer hepatoprotection in parasitized mice compared to the parasitized group that had no treatment.

scholarly journals A transcriptome-based classifier to determine molecular subtypes in medulloblastoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e1008263
Author(s):  
Komal S. Rathi ◽  
Sherjeel Arif ◽  
Mateusz Koptyra ◽  
Ammar S. Naqvi ◽  
Deanne M. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Microarray Dataset ◽  
R Package ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Health Organization

Medulloblastoma is a highly heterogeneous pediatric brain tumor with five molecular subtypes, Sonic Hedgehog TP53-mutant, Sonic Hedgehog TP53-wildtype, WNT, Group 3, and Group 4, defined by the World Health Organization. The current mechanism for classification into these molecular subtypes is through the use of immunostaining, methylation, and/or genetics. We surveyed the literature and identified a number of RNA-Seq and microarray datasets in order to develop, train, test, and validate a robust classifier to identify medulloblastoma molecular subtypes through the use of transcriptomic profiling data. We have developed a GPL-3 licensed R package and a Shiny Application to enable users to quickly and robustly classify medulloblastoma samples using transcriptomic data. The classifier utilizes a large composite microarray dataset (15 individual datasets), an individual microarray study, and an RNA-Seq dataset, using gene ratios instead of gene expression measures as features for the model. Discriminating features were identified using the limma R package and samples were classified using an unweighted mean of normalized scores. We utilized two training datasets and applied the classifier in 15 separate datasets. We observed a minimum accuracy of 85.71% in the smallest dataset and a maximum of 100% accuracy in four datasets with an overall median accuracy of 97.8% across the 15 datasets, with the majority of misclassification occurring between the heterogeneous Group 3 and Group 4 subtypes. We anticipate this medulloblastoma transcriptomic subtype classifier will be broadly applicable to the cancer research and clinical communities.

scholarly journals CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION PREVALENCE AMONG RESIDENTS OF WESTERN SYIBERIA: ESSE-RF STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Kachurina ◽  
A. N. Kokov ◽  
A. I. Kareeva ◽  
O. L. Barbarash
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Health Organization

Aim.To study the prevalence of coronary artery calcifcation in residents of Western Siberia.Methods.Residents of Western Siberia who underwent a regular medical examination within a multicentre observational epidemiological study "Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors in the Russian Federation" (ESSE-RF) in the period from 2012 to 2013 were included in the study. A total of 1628 subjects aged 25 to 64 years were recruited. All the participants were divided into 3 groups according to their gender and standard age groups based on the World Health Organization: Group 1, n = 663 (40.7%) ‒ young adults (22–44 years); group 2, n = 776 (47.7%) – middleaged adults (45–60 years); group 3, n = 189 (11.6%) – older adults (61–75 years).Results.33.9% of the subjects included in the study had coronary artery calcifcation. Importantly, the prevalence of coronary artery calcifcation was higher in men than in women in the total cohort (35.1% vs. 32.8%, respectively, p = 0.64)Conclusion. A random sample of Kemerovo residents, as inhabitants of Western Siberia, allowed us to determine the prevalence of pathological coronary artery calcifcation (33.9%). This tendency towards higher prevalence of coronary artery calcifcation was recruited, we were limited to obtain the data on the pronounced prevalence of in men is confrmed by the evidences of higher detection rate of severe calcifcation in them. Since a random sample of subjects with a large proportion of young adults coronary artery calcifcation.

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