THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEGENERATIVE CHANGES AND LOAD-BEARING IN THE HUMAN HIP

1973 ◽  
Vol 55-B (4) ◽  
pp. 746-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bullough ◽  
John Goodfellow ◽  
John O'Connor
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jifeng Wei ◽  
Zhixin Du ◽  
Yonghui Zheng ◽  
Oundavong Ounhueane

As the main structural component of partition wall or load-bearing wall, brick masonry has been widely used in construction engineering. However, brick and mortar are all brittle materials prone to crack. Nowadays, fireworks, gas stoves, high-pressure vessels, and other military explosives may explode to damage nearby structures. Many explosion casualties had shown that the load-bearing capacity of brick masonry decreased dramatically and cracks or fragments appeared. Previous studies mainly focused on noncontact explosion in which shock wave is the main damage element. In fact, the response and damage effect of brick masonry wall under contact explosion are more complex, which attracts more attention now. In order to explore the damage characteristics of brick masonry under explosion load, a series of simulations and verification experiments are conducted. RHT and MO granular material models are introduced to describe the behaviour of brick and masonry, respectively, in simulation. The combination effect of front compressive wave and back tensile wave are main factors influencing the breakage of masonry wall. The experimental results are well in accordance with the simulation results. The front cross section dimension of crater is closely related to the radius of spherical explosive charge. A power function predictive model is developed to express the relationship between the radius of hole and the radius of explosive. Furthermore, with increasing the quantity of explosive charge, the number and ejection velocity of fragments are all increased. The relationship between maximum ejection velocity and the quantity of explosive also can be expressed as a power function model.


2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 04059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Dem’yanov ◽  
Vladymir Kolchunov ◽  
Igor Iakovenko ◽  
Anastasiya Kozarez

It is presented the formulation and solution of the load bearing capacity of statically indeterminable systems “reinforced concrete beam – deformable base” by spatial cross-sections under force and deformation effects. The solution of problem is currently practically absent in general form. It has been established the relationship between stresses and strains of compressed concrete and tensile reinforcement in the form of diagrams. The properties of the base model connections are described based on a variable rigidity coefficient. It is constructed a system of n equations in the form of the initial parameters method with using the modules of the force (strain) action vector. The equations of state are the dependences that establish the relationship between displacements which are acting on the beam with load. Constants of integration are determined by recurrent formulas. It makes possible to obtain the method of initial parameters in the expanded form and, consequently, the method of displacements for calculating statically indefinable systems. The values of the effort obtained could be used to determine the curvature and rigidity of the sections in this way. It is necessary not to set the vector modulusP, the deformation is set in any section (the module is considered as an unknown) during the problem is solving. This allows us to obtain an unambiguous solution even in the case when the dependence M–χ has a downward section, i.e one value of moment can correspond to two values of curvature.


2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 03042
Author(s):  
Violetta Politi

This paper describes the assessment of the probabilistic risk of an accident formed in the process of designing a technically complex facility. It considers values of conditional probabilities of the compliance of load-bearing structures with safety requirements, provides an approximate list of significant errors of the designer and analyzes the relationship between the degree of compliance and the level of danger of errors. It describes and proposes for implementation the regulated procedures related to the assessment of the safety level of constructive solutions and the reliability of the construction process participants.


2019 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Maciej Sydor ◽  
PIOTR POHL

Load-bearing capacity and characteristic forms of destruction of furniture joints made with rastex 15 and P-10 clamex fasteners. The study tested the relationship between the load and angular deflection in furniture joints. The tests were carried out for two types of fasteners and five types of materials: chipboard, MDF, hardwood plywood, glued pine boards and glued oak boards. The furniture joint samples contained two fasteners preloaded only with a bending moment (without application of shear forces). The results were converted per single fastener specifying: its maximal load capacity, 50 mrad (2.9°) limit deflection and rigidity coefficient. It was found that rigidity is a better structural property of the tested joint types than their load capacity. As far as rigidity is concerned, the most durable is the combination of oak glued board – rastex 15 fastener (13.2 Nm bending moment per fastener), while the least durable combination is chipboard – clamex P-10 fastener (4.8 Nm bending moment per fastener). Photographic documentation of damaged furniture joint samples was prepared and analysed. In case of chipboard and MDF combinations (where the load is determined by the combined material), the combined boards suffer a disastrous damage, while in combinations of plywood boards and pine or oak glued boards, (where the capacity is determined by the fastener), both clamex P10 and rastex 15 fasteners are damaged.


2014 ◽  
Vol 904 ◽  
pp. 460-464
Author(s):  
Xiao Jing Chen ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
Hu Wei Cui

This paper presents a theoretical method to analyze the load bearing capability under cyclic axial compression load. The relationship between axial force and vertical deflection of I-shaped column is obtained by theoretical analysis and derivation. To verify the method and formulas of the paper, an illustrative example column is analyzed by the presented theoretical method and FEM to discuss the deflection performance and load bearing capability. The comparison of the results indicates perfect match between theoretical and numerical ones. It is shown that the theoretical analysis is feasible and reasonable.


2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Xie ◽  
Yanan Yuan ◽  
Zuoqi Zhang

Staggered architectures widely seen in load-bearing biological materials provide not only excellent supporting functions resisting static loading but also brilliant protecting functions attenuating the dynamic impact. However, there are very few efforts to unveil the relationship between staggered architectures and damping properties within load-bearing biological and bioinspired materials, while its static counterpart has been intensively studied over the past decades. Here, based on the Floquet theory, we developed a new generic method to evaluate the dynamic modulus of the composites with various staggered architectures. Comparisons with the finite element method results showed that the new method can give more accurate predictions than previous methods based on the tension-shear chain model. Moreover, the new method is more generic and applicable for two- and three-dimensional arbitrarily staggered architectures. This method provides a useful tool to understand the relationship between micro-architecture and damping property in natural load-bearing biological materials and to facilitate the architectural design of high-damping bioinspired composites.


Author(s):  
Kaechang Park ◽  
Yinlai Jiang ◽  
Shuoyu Wang

This chapter examines the relationship between leukoaraiosis (LA) and visual interpolation ability (VIA) in healthy subjects using a novel method that involves the quantitative measurement of VIA. LA has been found through neuroimaging studies and is caused by demyelinization and degenerative changes in arterioles that are related to atherosclerosis (Breteler et al., 1994). Moderate and severe LA have been regarded as surrogate markers for stroke and cognitive impairment. In the present study, the bilateral extent of LA was significantly associated with a decline in VIA. This result demonstrates the clinical importance of mild LA in addition to moderate and severe LA. It also indicates a useful possible application of this method for the early detection of cognitive impairment.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-611
Author(s):  
Charles H. Read ◽  
Paul E. Baer

EMPHASIS was placed on the primary objective of the physician in planning a therapeutic program for children with diabetes; the promotion of normal growth and development, including intellectual, moral, and social areas. To attain this objective, the physician must provide maximal simplification in his therapeutic plan, so that the pattern of life of the child with diabetes will deviate as little as possible from that of his normal contemporaries. The relationship between level of "control" of diabetes (i.e., approximation to normoglycemia and aglycosuria) and the age of onset of the degenerative changes associated with this disease assumes paramount importance in governing the degree of simplification which can be safely permitted in any therapeutic program. While stressing the fact that such complications ultimately occur no matter what plan of management is pursued, and viewing the evidence on the true relationship between "control" and the appearance of degenerative changes as not yet entirely clear, Read nevertheless considers that all published experimental and clinical studies indicate that better "control" is directly correlated with later onset of degenerative lesions. He therefore believes that the aim of therapy should be to promote an essentially normoglycemic, aglycosuric state, with less than 5 per cent of the daily carbohydrate intake appearing in the urine. With these objectives in mind, Read and Baer described the plan which they currently employ in the treatment of 110 diabetic children at the State University of Iowa, where an average of 1 new diabetic is admitted every 3 weeks. As they practice in a hospital center, they serve on a consultative basis, receiving patients by referral from doctors throughout Iowa. This means initiating regulation of the diabetes and subsequently re-evaluating progress by means of clinic visits 1 to 5 times yearly, at the discretion of the referring physicians.


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