Energy Balance Estimation of Evapotranspiration for Wheat Grown Under Variable Management Practices in Central Arizona

The prevalence of overweight (body mass index [BMI], 25 to 29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) have increased dramatically in the United States. Because increasing BMI is associated with the development of multiple different cancer types, including most GI cancers, providers will frequently encounter patients with GI cancer who are overweight or obese. Mounting evidence associates overweight and/or obesity with worsened prognosis in multiple GI cancers, including esophageal, gastric, hepatocellular, pancreatic, and colorectal. However, these data are observational and may be subject to bias and/or confounding. Furthermore, in some cancer types, the associations between BMI and outcomes is not linear, where overweight and class I obese patients may have an improvement in outcome. This report provides a brief highlight of existing studies that have linked overweight and/or obesity to prognosis in GI cancer; provides recommendations on best management practices; and discusses limitations, controversies, and future directions in this rapidly evolving area. There are multiple areas of promise that warrant continued investigation: What are the comparative contributions of energy balance, including weight, dietary patterns, and physical activity on cancer prognosis? What are the specific physiologic pathways that mediate the relationship between energy balance and prognosis? What is the relationship between low muscle mass (sarcopenia) or sarcopenic obesity and cancer prognosis? Are there subsets of patients for whom purposefully altering energy balance would be deleterious to prognosis? This area is rich with opportunities to understand how states of energy (im)balance can be favorably altered to promote healthy survivorship.

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Biomass yield and energy balance of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) cropped in central Italy as related to different management practices

European Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1016/j.eja.2004.05.004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 375-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 166

Author(s):

L.G. Angelini ◽

L. Ceccarini ◽

E. Bonari

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Management Practices ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Central Italy ◽

Arundo Donax ◽

Giant Reed ◽

Arundo Donax L

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Nitrogen Fertigation of Young Navel Oranges: Growth, N Status, and Uptake of Fertilizer N

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.37.2.334 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 334-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tom L. Weinert ◽

Thomas L. Thompson ◽

Scott A. White ◽

Michael A. Maurer

Keyword(s):

Best Management Practices ◽

Management Practices ◽

Growing Season ◽

Fertilizer N ◽

Trunk Diameter ◽

Best Management ◽

Central Arizona ◽

N Status ◽

Critical N Concentration ◽

Leaf N

Microsprinkler irrigation may result in increased efficiency of N and water application to citrus. However, best management practices (BMPs) have not yet been developed for microsprinkler use, particularly on newly established citrus. Experiments were conducted during 1997-98 in central Arizona to evaluate the effects of N rate and fertigation frequency on `Newhall' navel oranges (Citrus sinensis) planted in Mar. 1997. Two experiments were conducted, each with factorial combinations of N rate (0 to 204 g/tree/year) and fertigation frequency (weekly to three times per year). In one experiment, nonlabeled N fertilizer was used, and in the other 15N-labeled fertilizer was used. Trunk diameter, leaf N, and 15N partitioning in the trees were monitored. During 1997, neither trunk diameter nor leaf N were affected by N rate or fertigation frequency. No more than 6% of N applied was found in the trees. During 1998, leaf N in fertilized plots was significantly higher than in nonfertilized plots, but leaf N in all trees remained above the critical N concentration of 25 mg·g-1. During 1998, no more than 25% of the fertilizer N applied was taken up by the trees. Results suggest that N applications are not needed during the first growing season after planting for microsprinkler-irrigated citrus in Arizona. Only low rates of N (≤68 g/tree/yr) may be needed during the second growing season to maintain adequate tree N reserves.

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Prediction of conception at 1st artificial insemination using a combination of energy balance indicators

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200028490 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 10-10

Author(s):

G E Valergakis ◽

G Oikonomou ◽

G Arsenos ◽

M P Georgiadis ◽

G Banos

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Management Practices ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Negative Energy ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Dairy Farmers ◽

Condition Score ◽

Voluntary Waiting Period

Declining reproductive performance is a major problem for the global dairy industry (Lucy 2001) whereas magnitude and duration of postpartum negative energy balance of dairy cows are considered as the main reasons (de Vries and Veerkamp 2000). Moreover, various energy balance indicators, such as body condition score (BCS) and plasma βhydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration, have been correlated with reduced reproductive performance (Pryce et al 2001, Taylor et al 2003, Patton et al 2007, Walsh et al 2007). Such information has been already used to adjust herd management practices in order to prevent negative effects on reproduction. Furthermore, the ability to predict reproductive performance of cows with reasonable accuracy would also be very useful to dairy farmers. In such case, important management decisions (e.g. length of voluntary waiting period, starting dates of synchronisation programs and price of semen used), could be made for each individual cow. The aim of this study was to investigate whether combining certain energy balance indicators would yield useful predictions of cow reproductive performance at 1st artificial insemination (AI).

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Biology and Management of Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass

Biology and Management of Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass ◽

10.47886/9781934874363.ch25 ◽

2013 ◽

Keyword(s):

Striped Bass ◽

Management Practices ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Lake Mead ◽

Hoover Dam ◽

Dorosoma Petenense ◽

Cap Canal ◽

Lake Mohave ◽

Fully Connected ◽

Central Arizona

Abstract.—The striped bass Morone saxatilis was introduced into the lower Colorado River in the late 1950s and into Lake Mead, Nevada and Arizona, in the late 1960s. The unintended immigration of striped bass into Lake Mohave, Nevada and Arizona, on the main stem, and Lake Pleasant, a tributary reservoir in central Arizona, has resulted in changing management practices. Striped bass entered Lake Mohave via downstream emigration from Lake Mead through Hoover Dam at various life stages, and the newly established population quickly became the primary sport fish in the reservoir. Predation from the striped bass population in Lake Mohave coincided with elimination of threadfin shad Dorosoma petenense and a rapid decline in the survival of stocked rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Striped bass are also believed to be hindering ongoing efforts to reestablish the native endangered species razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus and bonytail chub Gila elegans. Striped bass gained access to Lake Pleasant via Lake Havasu, California and Arizona, by way of the Central Arizona Project (CAP) Canal. Operation of the CAP Canal began in 1985 and the canal was fully connected to Lake Pleasant in 1992. In 1986 and 1989, striped bass population densities in the CAP Canal were estimated at 70 ± 37 fish/ha and 3 ± 1 fish/ha, respectively. Striped bass were first captured in Lake Pleasant in 1998 during a gill-netting survey. Catch per unit effort increased almost yearly from 0.13 fish/net-night in 1998 to 6.74 fish/net-night in 2005. Since their unintended introduction into both reservoirs, striped bass have established viable reproducing populations. Management efforts have emphasized promoting harvest and minimizing the impacts of striped bass on existing fisheries. These experiences provide guidance for evaluating unintended dispersion of striped bass elsewhere.

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Multicompartment Ecosystem Mass Balances as a Tool for Understanding and Managing the Biogeochemical Cycles of Human Ecosystems

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2001.98 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 802-808 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lawrence A. Baker ◽

Diane Hope ◽

Ying Xu ◽

Jennifer Edmonds

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Management Strategies ◽

The United States ◽

N Balance ◽

N Leaching ◽

Treatment Technology ◽

Ecosystem Level ◽

Human Ecosystems ◽

N Management ◽

Central Arizona

Nitrogen remains a ubiquitous pollutant in surface and groundwater throughout the United States, despite 30 years of pollution control efforts. A detailed multicompartment N balance for the Central Arizona-Phoenix ecosystem is used to illustrate how an ecosystem-level approach can be used to develop improved N management strategies. The N balance is used to demonstrate how nitrate in pumped groundwater used for crop irrigation could be used to reduce inputs of commercial fertilizer and decrease N leaching to aquifers. Effectively managing N pollution also will require an understanding of the complex factors that control the N balance, including targeted regulations, individual human behavior, land-use conversion, and other ecosystem management practices that affect the N balance. These sometimes countervailing factors are illustrated with several scenarios of wastewater treatment technology and population growth in the Phoenix area. Management of N eventually must be coupled to management of other elements, notably carbon, phosphorus, and salts. We postulate that an ecosystem framework for pollution management will result in strategies that are more effective, fairer, and less expensive than current approaches.

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Effective Management of Energy Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of ICT Solutions

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14040893 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 893

Author(s):

Wadim Strielkowski ◽

Irina Firsova ◽

Inna Lukashenko ◽

Jurgita Raudeliūnienė ◽

Manuela Tvaronavičienė

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Management Practices ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Energy Prices ◽

Effective Management ◽

The Way

This research tackles effective and functional management practices in energy consumption using advanced technological solutions to mitigate unexpected events. This study specifically focuses on the recent COVID-19 pandemic that led to a reduction in energy consumption and therefore meddled with the project management’s status quo for the energy sources. Moreover, this research analyzes the role of information and communication technology (ICT) solutions in energy management before and after the recent coronavirus pandemic turmoil. This study also examined the role and place of sustainable energy resources in the effective management of energy consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main purpose of this research is to demonstrate how the recent coronavirus pandemic affected energy consumption and energy prices in many countries and how it paved the way for the new ICT in managing energy consumption. This study elaborated a model to show how these changes evolved in selected European Union (EU) Member States. It turns out that adjusted electricity consumption, as well as the average daily spot electricity prices for the baseload power in the EU countries, declined, and this trend is likely to continue in the next years to come. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, substantial changes in the economy led to reduced office space usage, cutting commuting and business trips, and bringing commercial travel almost to a halt, further shifting the energy balance towards renewable energy sources (RES). Besides, it becomes apparent that ICT solutions used in maintaining and superintending the energy balance are gaining popularity and wide recognition worldwide and will help pave the way towards modern and smart high-renewables grids.

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Remote Sensing of Evapotranspiration over the Central Arizona Irrigation & Drainage District, USA

10.20944/preprints201809.0501.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew N. French ◽

Douglas J. Hunsaker ◽

Lahouari Bounoua ◽

Arnon Karnieli ◽

William Luckett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Model Averaging ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

The Us ◽

Landsat 7 ◽

Terra Modis ◽

Model Variability ◽

Central Arizona

A remote sensing-based evapotranspiration (ET) study was conducted over the Central Arizona Irrigation and Drainage District (CAIDD), an Arizona agricultural region. ET was assessed means for 137 wheat plots, 183 cotton plots, and 225 alfalfa plots. The remote sensing ET models were the Satellite-Based Energy Balance for Mapping Evapotranspiration with Internalized Calibration (METRIC), the Two Source Energy Balance (TSEB), and Vegetation Index ET for the US Southwest (VISW). Remote sensing data were principally Landsat 5, supplemented by Landsat 7, MODIS Terra, MODIS Aqua, and ASTER. The models produced similar daily ET for wheat, with 6–8 mm/d mid-season. For cotton and alfalfa daily ET showed greater differences, where TSEB produced largest daily ET, METRIC the least, and VISW in the midrange. Modeled cotton ET at mid-season ranged from 9.5 mm/d (TSEB), to 8 mm/d (VISW), and 6 mm/d (METRIC). For alfalfa ET, values at peak cover ranged from 8 mm/d (TSEB), 6 mm/d (VISW), and 5 mm/d (METRIC). Model bias ranged −10% to +18%. Relative to potential ET, FAO-56 ET, and USDA-SW gravimetric-ET, model variability ranged from negligible to 35% of annual crop water use. Model averaging was found a useful way to consider and reconcile all ET estimates.

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Satellite-Based Water and Energy Balance Model for the Arid Region to Determine Evapotranspiration: Development and Application

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132313111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 13111

Author(s):

Ahsan Ali ◽

Yaseen A. Al-Mulla ◽

Yassine Charabi ◽

Ghazi Al-Rawas ◽

Malik Al-Wardy

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Satellite Imagery ◽

Sap Flow ◽

Arid Region ◽

Large Scale ◽

Management Practices ◽

Sensible Heat Flux ◽

Energy Balance Model ◽

Balance Model

Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) plays an important role in irrigation planning and supervision. Traditionally, the estimation of ETa was approximated using different in situ techniques, having high initial and maintenance costs with low spatial resolution. In this context, satellite imagery models play an effective role in water management practices by estimating ETa in small and large-scale areas. All existing models have been widely used for the estimation of ETa around the globe, but there is no definite conclusion on which approach is best for the hot and hyper-arid region of Oman. Our study introduces an innovative approach that uses in situ, meteorological, and satellite imagery (Landsat-OLI/TIRS) datasets to estimate ETa. The satellite-based water and energy balance model for the arid region to determine evapotranspiration (SMARET) was developed under the hot and hyper-arid region conditions of Oman by incorporating soil temperature in the sensible heat flux. The performance of SMARET ran through accuracy assessment against in situ measurements via sap flow sensors and lysimeters. The SMARET was also evaluated against three existing models, including the surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL), mapping evapotranspiration at high-resolution with internalized calibration (METRIC), and the Penman–Monteith (PM) model. The study resulted in a significant correlation between SMARET (R2 = 0.73), as well as the PM model (R2 = 0.72), and the ETa values calculated from Lysimeter. The SMARET model also showed a significant correlation (R2 = 0.66) with the ETa values recorded using the sap flow meter. The strong relationship between SMARET, sap flow measurement, and lysimeter observation suggests that SMARET has application capability in hot and hyper-arid regions.

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