scholarly journals Seed Cotton and Lint Moisture Addition at a Western Cotton Gin

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-632
Author(s):  
Derek P Whitelock ◽  
Carlos B Armijo ◽  
Christopher D Delhom
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
P Value ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Cotton Gin

Abstract. Testing was conducted at a western commercial cotton gin to evaluate the effect of humid air moisture addition on fiber quality, bale value, and operating costs; when applied at the gin stand feeder conditioning hopper and battery condenser lint slide. Two tests each with 19 conventional modules of upland cotton were conducted over two consecutive days. The moisture treatments included feeder hopper moisture on or off and lint slide moisture on or off, resulting in four treatment combinations: 1) no moisture added (No Addition), 2) moisture added at the feeder hopper only (Hopper Only), 3) moisture added at the lint slide only (Slide Only), and 4) moisture added at the both the feeder hopper and lint slide moisture (Hopper+Slide). Results showed that seed cotton moisture content at the gin stand was about 0.1 percentage points higher when moisture was added at the feeder hopper and lint moisture content in the bale was about 0.9 percentage points higher when moisture was added at the lint slide. Adding moisture at the feeder hopper resulted in small, but significant (p-value = 0.05), improvements in HVI length [+0.21 mm (0.008 in.)], uniformity (+0.16 percentage points), and strength (+0.25 g/tex), and AFIS length [+0.4 mm (0.016 in.)] and short fiber content (-0.52 percentage points). However, fiber yellowness also increased (+0.12 +b) when moisture was added at the feeder hopper. Adding moisture at the lint slide had very little effect on fiber quality. Moisture addition at either location did not significantly affect spinning performance or yarn quality. Lint produced with moisture added only at the feeder hopper had the highest average value [$1.254/kg (56.88 ¢/lb)] and lint with moisture added only at the lint slide had the lowest value [$1.234/kg (55.98 ¢/lb)]. Bales produced with added moisture were heavier, 9 kg (20 lb) heavier on average for the Hopper+Slide moisture addition than for No Addition. Bales produced using moisture addition not only contained more moisture, but also more lint. This could be due to easier bale pressing, which was supported by measurements which showed that about 2 kW less press power was required to press bales with moisture added at the lint slide. Moisture added at the feeder hopper resulted in the greatest overall increase in value over the value of cotton ginned with no moisture addition, more than $32,000 when extrapolated over 10,000 bales. The moisture addition treatments required more energy to produce bales, mainly due to the additional natural gas required for air humidifying equipment. However, since bales with added moisture contained more dry lint resulting in fewer bales pressed for the same amount of dry lint in bales produced with no moisture addition, savings in bale packaging materials and labor costs made operating the moisture systems slightly less expensive than not, up to about $1400 less for 10,000 bales with the Hopper+Slide moisture addition. Although the results showed little impact on cotton quality by adding moisture, the subtle differences and heavier bales containing more lint could have a significant effect on the value to a producer over an entire cotton crop or to a gin over an entire season. Keywords: Cost benefit analysis, Cotton ginning, Energy, Fiber quality, Humid air, Moisture addition.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of the Use of VCS2000 for Pork Carcass Meat Yield Grading in Korea

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1297
Author(s):  
Juntae Kim ◽  
Hyo-Dong Han ◽  
Wang Yeol Lee ◽  
Collins Wakholi ◽  
Jayoung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
The Cost

Currently, the pork industry is incorporating in-line automation with the aim of increasing the slaughtered pork carcass throughput while monitoring quality and safety. In Korea, 21 parameters (such as back-fat thickness and carcass weight) are used for quality grading of pork carcasses. Recently, the VCS2000 system—an automatic meat yield grading machine system—was introduced to enhance grading efficiency and therefore increase pork carcass production. The VCS2000 system is able to predict pork carcass yield based on image analysis. This study also conducted an economic analysis of the system using a cost—benefit analysis. The subsection items of the cost-benefit analysis considered were net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and benefit/cost ratio (BC ratio), and each method was verified through sensitivity analysis. For our analysis, the benefits were grouped into three categories: the benefits of reducing labor costs, the benefits of improving meat yield production, and the benefits of reducing pig feed consumption through optimization. The cost-benefit analysis of the system resulted in an NPV of approximately 615.6 million Korean won, an IRR of 13.52%, and a B/C ratio of 1.65.

scholarly journals The correlation and determinants of cost-benefit analysis of measles vaccines among the medical centers providing Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Mehak Nimra ◽  
Hamza Irshad ◽  
Muhammad Murtaza Hasnain ◽  
Sheikh Muhammad Ishaque
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Medical Centers

Introduction: Measles is a highly contagious viral infection, vaccine-preventable diseases claim the lives of nearly 30 million people each year around the world, including 17% of children under the age of 5. Methodology: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional investigation. Retrospective data collection was used. We looked at medical centers that provided EPI administrations. Results: Around 8% of the youngsters in the study were found to have measles, according to the health center's records. There are an undetermined number of measles-infected children. Only 12% of those surveyed had received the measles vaccine, and the vast majority (88%) had never received the shot. According to statistical analysis, the study's r square value is r=0.35, which is considered to be an intermediate direct relationship (Wastage of vaccine and total cost). It illustrates that if there is no system of checks and balances on vaccine waste, it could have an impact on the overall cost of the vaccination. Vaccines wastage shows a positive association with Dose wastage x2= 438.8 (p-value 0.002). the breakage of vaccine vial x2 = 369.6 (p-value 0.015), expiration of vaccines x2 = 1068 (p-value 0.006), cold chain maintenance x2 = 79.99 (p-value 0.014) & inventory missing was x2 646.9 (p-value 0.004) showed statistical significance. Conclusion: The elimination of any disease would be contributed by the parallel factors one of that includes also financial state. In less time and cost we can vaccinate the number of children and can achieve universal coverage of immunization.

scholarly journals Optimizing Food Waste Composting Parameters and Evaluating Heat Generation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin Ko Yeh ◽  
Chitsan Lin ◽  
Hsueh Chen Shen ◽  
Nicholas Kiprotich Cheruiyot ◽  
Mary Ellen Camarillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Mature Compost

The optimal initial moisture content and seeding proportion with mature compost (microbial inoculant) during food waste composting were investigated. This involved six different moisture contents (42%, 55%, 61%, 66%, 70%, and 78%) and four different mature compost seeding amounts (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% w/w). The temperature variation of these different setups during the first four days of composting was used to determine the most effective one. Our findings showed that the initial moisture contents of 55–70% and the 20% w/w of mature compost were optimal for effective food waste composting. A 400 kg compost pile with the optimal compost mixture ratio was then used to study the evolution and spatial distribution of the temperature during a 30-day composting period. Finally, the heat produced during the 30-day composting process was estimated to be 2.99 MJ/kg. Further investigations, including a cost–benefit analysis from a pilot facility, would be required to comprehensively conclude the feasibility of food waste composting as a bioenergy source.

scholarly journals Assessing the Socioeconomic Impacts of Intelligent Connected Vehicles in China: A Cost–Benefit Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Kuang ◽  
Fuquan Zhao ◽  
Han Hao ◽  
Zongwei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Connected Vehicles ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
The Government

The deployment of intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) is regarded as a significant solution to improve road safety, transportation management, and energy efficiency. This study assessed the safety, traffic, environmental, and industrial economic benefits of ICV deployment in China under different scenarios. A bottom-up model was established to deal with these impacts within a unified framework, based on the existing theories and literature of ICVs’ cost–benefit analysis, as well as China’s most recent policies and statistics. The results indicate that the total benefits may reach 13.25 to 24.02 trillion renminbi (RMB) in 2050, while a cumulative benefit–cost ratio of 1.15 to 3.06 suggests high cost-effectiveness. However, if the government and industry only focus on their own interests, the break-even point may be delayed by several years. Hence, an effective business model is necessary to enhance public–private cooperation in ICV implementation. Meanwhile, the savings of travel time costs and fleet labor costs play an important part in all socioeconomic impacts. Therefore, the future design of ICVs should pay more attention to the utilization of in-vehicle time and the real substitution for human drivers.

The Use of Cost-Benefit Analysis for Evaluating Efficiency of Public Investment Projects (The Case of Sochi-2014 Winter Olympic Games)

2011 ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
I. Pilipenko
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Usa

The paper analyzes shortcomings of economic impact studies based mainly on input- output models that are often employed in Russia as well as abroad. Using studies about sport events in the USA and Olympic Games that took place during the last 30 years we reveal advantages of the cost-benefit analysis approach in obtaining unbiased assessments of public investments efficiency; the step-by-step method of cost-benefit analysis is presented in the paper as well. We employ the project of Sochi-2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Russia to evaluate its efficiency using cost-benefit analysis for five accounts (areas of impact), namely government, households, environment, economic development, and social development, and calculate the net present value of the project taking into account its possible alternatives. In conclusion we suggest several policy directions that would enhance public investment efficiency within the Sochi-2014 Olympics.

Hostile Takeovers and Anti-takeover Defenses in the Russian Corporate Market

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Hostile Takeovers ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Takeover Defenses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
European Markets

This article analyzes definitions and the role of hostile takeovers at the Russian and European markets for corporate control. It develops the methodology of assessing the efficiency of anti-takeover defenses adapted to the conditions of the Russian market. The paper uses the cost-benefit analysis, where the costs and benefits of the pre-bid and post-bid defenses are compared.

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