Engineering Control Technologies to Protect Operators in Agricultural All-Terrain Vehicle Rollovers

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-201
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Khorsandi ◽  
Paul D. Ayers ◽  
Melvin L. Myers ◽  
Stephen Oesch ◽  
David J. White
Keyword(s):  
Static Stability ◽  
Common Source ◽  
List Type ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Engineering Controls ◽  
Crash Testing ◽  
Engineering Control ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Automatic Systems

Highlights Rollovers are the leading cause of injury and fatality in farm all-terrain vehicle (ATV) incidents. Engineering technologies to prevent rollovers or protect the operator in ATV crashes were reviewed in this study. The advances in safety for ATVs are correlated with improvements in stability, handling, and crashworthiness. Operator protection devices and crash notification systems can protect the operator in ATV rollover incidents. Abstract . All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) are the second most common source of injury, following tractors, in U.S. agriculture. Rollovers are the leading cause of death in farm ATV incidents, constituting about 85% of ATV-related deaths. There is neither a significant practical solution for ATV rollover crashes in the U.S. nor standards and rules for implementing such a solution. Behavior-based control methods have been used for several decades but have reached their limit of success. Hence, engineering controls are needed to significantly decrease the severity of injuries in ATV rollover incidents (as in tractor incidents). In this study, engineering technologies to protect the operator in agricultural ATV crashes were reviewed. The discussion includes improving crash testing and stability ratings, evaluating static stability of ATVs, dynamic handling tests of ATVs, using automatic systems to notify first responders of a crash, and testing and applying operator protection devices. The available standards, rules, and recommendations related to these technologies around the world are also discussed. Keywords: . Agriculture, All-terrain vehicle, ATV, CPD, Crush protection device, OPD, Quad bike, Safety.

scholarly journals Masonry Dust Risk Control Practices and the Barriers to the Adoption of Engineering Controls in Reducing Risk due to Dust Exposure in Masonry Work

2021 ◽  
Vol 1200 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
N H Abas ◽  
M Mad Ali ◽  
N A Abas
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Engineering Controls ◽  
Silica Dust ◽  
Engineering Control ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Control Technologies

Abstract The construction industry is known to be among the most vulnerable industries in terms of occupational safety and health. One of the riskiest activities in construction involves masonry, which reports several cases involving occupational health diseases due to the exposure to silica dust. Thus, this study aims to investigate the perception toward health risks due to exposure to dust in masonry work. A survey research method was adopted for this study, which involved the participation of 25 active construction contractors in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. The findings reveal that respiratory problems and health diseases are the most perceived risks associated to dust exposure in masonry work. There are various barriers to the adoption of engineering control in masonry work such as high costs, lack of awareness of dust hazards, and workers’ attitudes. The current practical intervention methods used by contractor firms are respiratory protection, wet method, and sweeping compound. This study provides information on the current masonry work environment and the barriers of the adoption of engineering control technologies. Additionally, this study suggests that the key players in the construction industry should take an active part to increase the implementation of engineering controls in a construction project, and not rely solely on the use of PPE.

scholarly journals Cochrane method for systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss – abridged

CoDAS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Tikka ◽  
Jos Verbeek ◽  
Erik Kateman ◽  
Thais Catalani Morata ◽  
Wouter Dreschler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hearing Protection ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Loss Prevention ◽  
Engineering Controls ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
Quality Evidence

ABSTRACT Purpose Assess the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions at work on noise exposure or occupational hearing loss compared to no or alternative interventions. Research strategies Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, OSHupdate, Cochrane Central and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) were searched. Selection criteria Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT), Controlled Before-After studies (CBA) and Interrupted Time-Series studies (ITS) evaluating engineering controls, administrative controls, personal hearing protection devices, and hearing surveillance were included. Case studies of engineering controls were collected. Data analysis Cochrane methods for systematic reviews, including meta-analysis, were followed. Results 29 studies were included. Stricter legislation can reduce noise levels by 4.5 dB(A) (very low-quality evidence). Engineering controls can immediately reduce noise (107 cases). Eleven RCTs and CBA studies (3725 participants) were evaluated through Hearing Protection Devices (HPDs). Training of earplug insertion reduces noise exposure at short term follow-up (moderate quality evidence). Earmuffs might perform better than earplugs in high noise levels but worse in low noise levels (very low-quality evidence). HPDs might reduce hearing loss at very long-term follow-up (very low-quality evidence). Seventeen studies (84028 participants) evaluated hearing loss prevention programs. Better use of HPDs might reduce hearing loss but other components not (very low-quality evidence). Conclusion Hearing loss prevention and interventions modestly reduce noise exposure and hearing loss. Better quality studies and better implementation of noise control measures and HPDs is needed.

scholarly journals Determinants of Smallholder Maize Farmer’s Perception on Use of Improved Weed Control Technologies in Eswatini

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Khumalo M ◽  
D. Kibirige ◽  
M. B. Masuku ◽  
H. R. Mloza-Banda ◽  
W. O. Mukabwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Control Technologies

Environmental concerns, increase labour cost and increase in demand for food has urged farmer to use the most economic and concomitant method to their farming objectives. Therefore, this study focused on ascertaining maize farmer’s perceptions on the weed control methods they choose and the socio-economic characteristics that determine these perceptions. This study was conduct countrywide in the four agro-ecological zones of Eswatini. Primary data was collected from 240 randomly selected maize farmers in the four Agro-ecological Zone of Eswatini. Factor analysis was used to estimate principal components about farmer’s perception on the different weed control methods. Multiple regression method was used to ascertain the socio-economic factors determining farmers’ perceptions. Farmers were interviewed about their perception on the usage of herbicides and integrated weed control method. The five likert scale of attitudinal statements related to herbicide and integrated weed control methods was developed. Four principal components were generated by the analysis from the positive attitudinal statement on the use of herbicides. These include productivity and economical, inclusive and confidence, knowledgeable and readiness, environmental impact. Farmer perceived that herbicides are associated with increased productive, can be used with confidence, farmers were ready to use herbicides, on the other hand, farmers perceived herbicides to have a negative impact on the environment. The socio-economic drivers of these farmers’ perceptions included sex of the farmer, education level, farming experience, access to agricultural trainings, amount of farm incomes and group membership. Integrated weeding method (hand hoe weeding + herbicide use) was perceived to be labour saving, productive and has no harm on the environment. The socio-economic drivers of these farmers’ perception towards the use of integrated weed control method included group membership and education. The study recommends that government should increase the number of extension officers to extend extension contact to more farmers, thus improve information sharing to farmers on best agricultural practices. Sensitization workshops, trainings and On-farm demonstration related to the usage of the improved weed control technologies is desired to increase farmers’ access to knowledge about the use of these improved weeding technologies.

Research Advances of NOx Emissions Control Technologies of Stoker Boilers

2012 ◽  
Vol 562-564 ◽  
pp. 1087-1090
Author(s):  
Jia You Liu ◽  
Feng Zhong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Emissions Control ◽  
Thermal Nox ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
And Control

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are one of the pollutants generating from coal combustion in stoker boilers, and they are very harmful to human health and environment. It is necessary to study NOx emissions control technology for stoker boilers. By explaining the formation mechanism and control methods of thermal NOx, fuel NOx and prompt NOx, NOx emissions control technologies applied in stoker boilers are introduced and research advances are given, some advice for NOx emissions control in stoker boilers is put forward.

scholarly journals Integration of Tsetse Fly and Trypanosomiasis Control Methods From Livestock Farmers’ Perspective: A Multivariate Probit Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Seth Ooko Onyango ◽  
Sabina Mukoya-Wangia ◽  
Josiah Mwivandi Kinama ◽  
Pamela Akinyi Olet
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Multivariate Probit ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Animal Trypanosomiasis

Integration of tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis control methods is identified as most feasible and effective approach to eradication of African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) and Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT). However, little focus is directed towards understanding the drivers of integration of the control methods by farmers. We used cross-sectional data collected from 536 livestock keeping households in Lamu County of Kenya to identify factors influencing multiple use of insecticide treated livestock (ITL), insecticide treated targets (ITT), and treatment with trypanocidal drugs (TTD). Multivariate probit model was applied in estimation of covariates of multiple use of the control methods. Descriptive results indicated that nearly 61% of the livestock keeping households used at least one of the tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis control methods, with about 9%, 7%, and 13% of the households using ITL, ITT, and TTD, respectively. The results also indicated that nearly 32% of the households integrated the control methods. Furthermore, multivariate probit results showed that sex of household head, age of farmer, positive perceptions of technology availability and effectiveness, and off-farm income increased the likelihood of integration. In contrast, household size, having agriculture as the main occupation, and cost of the technology significantly reduced the likelihood of multiple use of the control methods. The results suggest heterogeneity in farmers’ decisions to integrate tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis control methods. Therefore, farmer outreach programs should consider key household characteristics, as well as technological attributes which may stimulate adoption of appropriate tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis control technologies.

scholarly journals Engineering Control Technologies to Reduce Occupational Silica Exposures in Masonry Cutting and Tuckpointing

2009 ◽  
Vol 124 (4_suppl1) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Meeker ◽  
Michael R. Cooper ◽  
Daniel Lefkowitz ◽  
Pam Susi
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Control ◽  
Control Technologies

scholarly journals A stochastic model for COVID-19 spread and the effects of Alert Level 4 in Aotearoa New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Plank ◽  
Rachelle N. Binny ◽  
Shaun C. Hendy ◽  
Audrey Lustig ◽  
Alex James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Contact Network ◽  
List Type ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Geographic Dispersion

AbstractWhile case numbers remain low, population-wide control methods combined with efficient tracing, testing, and case isolation, offer the opportunity for New Zealand to contain and eliminate COVID-19. We use a stochastic model to investigate containment and elimination scenarios for COVID-19 in New Zealand, as the country considers the exit from its four week period of strong Level 4 population-wide control measures. In particular we consider how the effectiveness of its case isolation operations influence the outcome of lifting these strong population-wide controls. The model is parameterised for New Zealand and is initialised using current case data, although we do not make use of information concerning the geographic dispersion of cases and the model is not stratified for age or co-morbidities.We find that fast tracing and case isolation (i.e. operations that are sustained at rates comparable to that at the early stages of New Zealand’s response) can lead to containment or elimination, as long as strong population-wide controls remain in place. Slow case isolation can lead to containment (but not elimination) as long as strong Level 4 population-wide controls remain in place. However, we find that relaxing strong population-wide controls after four weeks will most likely lead to a further outbreak, although the speed of growth of this outbreak can be reduced by fast case isolation, by tracing, testing, or otherwise. We find that elimination is only likely if case isolation is combined with strong population-wide controls that are maintained for longer than four weeks.Further versions of this model will include an age-structured population as well as considering the effects of geographic dispersion and contact network structure, the possibility of regional containment combined with inter-regional travel restrictions, and the potential for harm to at risk communities and essential workers.Executive SummaryWhile New Zealand case numbers remain low, tracing, testing, and rapid case isolation, combined with population-wide control methods, offer an opportunity for the country to contain and eliminate COVID-19.Simulations using our model suggest that the current population-wide controls (Alert Level 4) have already had a significant effect on new case numbers (see figure below). We also find that fast case isolation, whether as a result of contact tracing, rapid testing, or otherwise, can lead to containment and possibly even elimination, when combined with strong population-wide controls.Slow case isolation can also lead to containment, but only as long as strong population wide controls remain in place. It is unlikely to lead to elimination.

scholarly journals Combating mosquito-borne diseases using genetic control technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan-Hong Wang ◽  
Stephanie Gamez ◽  
Robyn R. Raban ◽  
John M. Marshall ◽  
Luke Alphey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Health Burdens ◽  
Gene Drives

AbstractMosquito-borne diseases, such as dengue and malaria, pose significant global health burdens. Unfortunately, current control methods based on insecticides and environmental maintenance have fallen short of eliminating the disease burden. Scalable, deployable, genetic-based solutions are sought to reduce the transmission risk of these diseases. Pathogen-blocking Wolbachia bacteria, or genome engineering-based mosquito control strategies including gene drives have been developed to address these problems, both requiring the release of modified mosquitoes into the environment. Here, we review the latest developments, notable similarities, and critical distinctions between these promising technologies and discuss their future applications for mosquito-borne disease control.

Book Reviews

Tempo ◽  
1995 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Keyword(s):  
List Type

Volume I of Messiaen's ‘Traite’, ‘Music and Color’, and organ recordings Christopher DingleRobert Craft's Stravinsky memoirs and recordings Rodney Lister

Open discussion

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 605-613
Author(s):  
P. S. Conti
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
List Type ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ring Nebulae

Conti: One of the main conclusions of the Wolf-Rayet symposium in Buenos Aires was that Wolf-Rayet stars are evolutionary products of massive objects. Some questions:–Do hot helium-rich stars, that are not Wolf-Rayet stars, exist?–What about the stability of helium rich stars of large mass? We know a helium rich star of ∼40 MO. Has the stability something to do with the wind?–Ring nebulae and bubbles : this seems to be a much more common phenomenon than we thought of some years age.–What is the origin of the subtypes? This is important to find a possible matching of scenarios to subtypes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document