scholarly journals Avian Diversity in the Himalayas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhananjai Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Diversity Gradient ◽  
Mountain System ◽  
Himalayan Mountain ◽  
Mountain Chain

The Indian Himalayan mountain region is globally renowned for biological diversity. The Himalayan mountain system contributes 10% of the world bird’s species and about 8% of the world’s bird species breed in this region. However, bird species are not evenly distributed from East to West Himalayan region; various factors are responsible for bird’s diversity gradient seen in this mountain chain. The present article is briefing on the bird’s species diversity patterns in the Indian Himalayan region and is largely based on the work carried out under Wildlife Institute of India and University of Chicago collaborative research work titled ‘Study of bird species numbers and densities in east and west Himalayas’ and has already been published in many research papers.

scholarly journals Ladakh and Zanskar

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Zgorzelski
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Landscape Diversity ◽  
Vertical Zonation ◽  
The North ◽  
Mountain System ◽  
Himalayan Mountain ◽  
Mountain Chain ◽  
East West

Abstract The Himalayan mountain chain is orographically fragmented, both in the east-west and in the north-south directions. The latter area is characterised by a greater landscape diversity, owing to its zonality and the vertical zonation of both climate and vegetation. In terms of tectonics and orography, and taking into account the prevalent influence of the monsoon and continental climates, the Himalayan mountain system can be divided into two parts – the external arc (southern), that is the Higher (or Great) Himalayas and the internal arc (northern), that is the so-called Trans-Himalayas. Similarly to the external arc of the Himalayas, the post-glacial relief in the Trans-Himalayas is marginal only. It is an area with a prevalence of denudation (nival, frost, gravitation and eolian) processes. Slopes of tectonic valleys or basins, covered with colourful surface deposits rising as high as even two thirds of their altitude, dominate the landscape. The Zanskar ridges and the Ladakh range represent a transitional zone between the Trans-himalayas and Eastern Karakoram.

scholarly journals Traditional, phytochemical, and biological aspects of Rosa alba L.: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Verma ◽  
Rajni Srivastava ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Sonar ◽  
Ramprakash Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Northwest Africa ◽  
The Family ◽  
White Rose

Abstract Background Rosa alba L. belongs to the family Rosaceae. This species is widely cultivated in Europe, Asia, North America, and Northwest Africa due to its fragrance, ornamental, and medicinal values. It is commonly known as white oil-bearing rose, white rose, white rose of York, backyard rose, and sufaid gulab. Main text Rosa alba L. has many biological properties like antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antifertility, teratogenic, memory enhancing, cytotoxic, and genotoxic activities. The essential oil of Rosa alba L. possesses good antimicrobial activity and consists of many chemical constituents like- citronellol, geraniol, nerol, linalool, citral, carvacrol, eugenol, etc. Conclusion This article briefly reviews the cultivation, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of Rosa alba L. Many research papers have been published on the proposed plant and still, there is a very vast scope of research on it. Therefore, this review will be very fruitful for those scientists who are doing or plan to do research work on this plant. All the scientific findings written in this review are explored from Google web, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Abstracts (MAPA), and SciFinder. To date, it is the first systematic review article of such kind, on this plant.

Determinants of conflict in channel relationships: a meta-analytic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 911-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dheeraj Sharma ◽  
Biswajita Parida
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Composite Model ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Channel Conflict ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Channel Relationships ◽  
Analytic Review

Purpose The advent of the internet, digitization and e-commerce has changed the definition of business territory, re-invented direct selling, eradicated middle men and brought the customers and sellers closer. These changes in the business scenario must have had an impact on the intensity and nature of channel conflict which needs to be inspected to structure better channel relationship strategies in the changing context. This paper aims to attempt a systematic investigation into the determinants of channel conflict in today’s context and proposes a composite model by reconciling the research so far in the domain of channel relationships. Design/methodology/approach An exhaustive search was carried for extant research finding in the channels resulting in the identification of 284 research papers beyond the meta-analysis by Geyskens et al. (1999). The next step was to manually scan through each of these papers to identify the studies which involved quantitative analysis including measures of association such as correlations related to conflict and the determinants of conflict. This led to the finalization of 36 research papers for the meta-analysis. Findings This study proffers a model that illustrates ranking of major determinants of channel conflict. The results of the study suggest that determinants can be categorized into three major domains: organizational, interpersonal (communication, cooperation, relationship activities and opportunistic behaviour) and environmental factors (environmental volatility, competitive intensity and product or market volatility). Research limitations/implications The analysis is based on static data in the sense that the correlations do not reflect supplier-channel member interactions in specific conflict situations. It may be argued that conflicts ultimately occur among firms/businesses run by individuals and individual traits may also impact the formation and resolution of conflict. Further, the quality of the measures capturing the constructs was not investigated in many studies. Final limitation pertains to the measurement of conflict. Conflict may not have been measured in a uniform manner in each of the studies analysed. As this study has evaluated extant research through a meta-analysis, it was not possible to identify the correlations between the determinant variables and the three factors (or constructs). Practical implications This study reconciles different research streams in this domain with the visualization of the composite model. It presents a quantitative analysis of the correlations of the determinants of conflict with channel conflict holistically. It creates a base through the composite model to carry forward the academic discussion in this domain holistically. It aims to be a ready reference for understanding the antecedents of conflict along with their significant correlations to enable prioritization of their channel strategies. Social implications This meta-analysis and the suggested model that may be of use to practitioners in terms of prioritizing their activities to reduce channel conflicts through pre-emption. It is hoped that this study enhances the extant understanding of the determinants of channel conflict considerably based on the presented composite model. The results may assist to resolve channel conflicts, create channel synergies, identify optimal channel mix, reduce channel costs, increase channel efficiency and build partnerships in the changing business scenario. Originality/value A holistic view of the determinants of conflict would be of enormous use to practitioners and academics alike. Hence, a detailed study is required to enlist and categorize the determinants causing conflict in channels so that an attempt can be made to resolve channel conflict for better performance of the firms. This meta-analysis study is an attempt to fill this major gap in research in this domain to quantitatively analyse the major determinants of channel conflict on the basis of analysis of research work over the past 15 years.

scholarly journals AUTHORSHIP PATTERNS AND COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH OF ONCOLOGY RESEARCH OUTPUT IN INDIA: A SCIENTOMETRICS STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Senthilkumar R ◽  
Muthukrishnan M
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Authorship Pattern ◽  
Oncology Research ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Single Authorship ◽  
The Mean

The paper analysis authorship patterns and collaborative research of oncology research in Indiaas reflected by the research papers listed in Web of Science database for a period of 11 years from 2005-2015. The increased trend towards multiple authorship is predominant as compare to single authorship in case ofoncology in India.In the study, the degree of collaboration was not a constant value, it reveals varies of 0.03 to 0.16 percent and the mean quality as 0.09. The analysis found that single author papers maintained a low profile among oncology research scientists and the multi authorship pattern is expanding slowly in Indian oncology research.

scholarly journals Nepal’s National Red List of Birds

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Inskipp ◽  
Hem Sagar Baral ◽  
Tim Inskipp ◽  
Ambika Prasad Khatiwada ◽  
Monsoon Pokharel Khatiwada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Wetland Birds ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Passerine Species ◽  
Over Exploitation

The main objectives of the Nepal National Bird Red Data Book were to provide comprehensive and up-to-date accounts of all the bird species found in Nepal, assess their status applying the IUCN Guidelines at Regional Levels, identify threats to all bird species and recommend the most practical measures for their conservation.  It is hoped that the Bird RDB will help Nepal achieve the Convention on Biological Diversity target of preventing the extinction of known threatened species and improving their conservation status.  As population changes of Nepal’s birds have been studied for only a few species, assessments of species’ national status were mainly made by assessing changes in distribution.  Species distribution maps were produced for all of Nepal’s bird species except vagrants and compared to maps that were produced in 1991 using the same mapping system.  Of the 878 bird species recorded, 168 species (19%) were assessed as nationally threatened. These comprise 68 (40%) Critically Endangered species, 38 (23%) Endangered species and 62 (37%) Vulnerable species.  A total of 62 species was considered Near Threatened and 22 species Data Deficient.  Over 55% of the threatened birds are lowland grassland specialists, 25% are wetland birds and 24% tropical and sub-tropical broadleaved forest birds.  Larger birds appear to be more threatened than smaller birds with 98 (25%) non-passerine species threatened and 67 (14%) passerine species.  Habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation are the most important threats.  Other threats include chemical poisoning, over-exploitation, climate change, hydropower, invasive species, intensification of agriculture, disturbance, and limited conservation measures and research.  Measures to address these threats are described.  It was also concluded that re-assessments of the status of certain bird groups carried out every five years and the setting up of a national online system for storing and reporting bird sightings would be useful.

A State-of-the-Art Critique Review of the Role of Decision-Making Techniques in NDT for Condition Monitoring

2019 ◽  
pp. 222-236
Author(s):  
Ashish Khaira ◽  
Ravi K. Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Operating Personnel ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Effective Condition ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Selection Of

Nondestructive testing (NDT) is a vital tool in maintenance. Each NDT technique has some benefits and hindrances; therefore, the selection is crucial. Generally, the selection of a technique relies on operating personnel experience, and very few research papers shows uses of the decision-making (DM) approach. It was highlighted by various researchers that if a proper DM approach is used, it will save time and increase fault detection reliability. By keeping this fact in mind, this chapter is an attempt to provide a detailed review of research work from the year 2000-2018 that covered the role of DM techniques while making combinations of NDT for effective condition monitoring. It observed from the literature that very few researchers effectively utilized the power of DM tool. The researcher can use the outcome of this work as a beacon and improve it further.

scholarly journals Degree of threat to the biological diversity in the Ilha Grande State Park (RJ) and guidelines for conservation

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. R. ALHO ◽  
M. SCHNEIDER ◽  
L. A. VASCONCELLOS
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Serra Do Mar ◽  
Rocky Outcrops ◽  
Mountain Chain ◽  
Landscape Units

The State Park of Ilha Grande is only a part (5,594 hectares) of the entire island (19,300 hectares) which is located off the south coast of Rio de Janeiro state, between the cities of Mangaratiba and Angra dos Reis. Approximately half of the Park area (47%) is covered by dense Atlantic forest. The secondary forest growth is in a process of ecological succession close to attaining maturity (43%) and the remaining part (10%) is composed of human-altered areas (1%), rocky outcrops with herbaceous vegetation (7%), mangroves and beaches (2%). The fauna is well represented but already shows signs of degradation with introduced species. The analysis of the degree of threat has shown that the dense forest habitat has a relatively stable status of conservation while the secondary forest, the mangrove and the herbaceous vegetation on rocky outcrops (and their fauna) are categorized as vulnerable. The area altered by human occupation is considered threatened. Since the coastal area where Ilha Grande is located is well known for its beautiful scenery (known as the green coast, because of the contrast between the ocean and the Atlantic forest covering the Serra do Mar mountain chain). There is a strong possibility for tourism to become the means in which to achieve economic sustainability for conservation. Contradictorily, tourism is also the major threat to local biodiversity and its landscape units. Because tourism is not organized and controlled, during high season the numbers grow above local capacity, giving rise to a proliferation of hotels, guesthouses and camping grounds. The resulting untreated open sewage, random garbage disposal and other harmful activities form the major threats to biodiversity.

What Scientists Think About Scientific Thinking

2019 ◽  
pp. 219-234
Author(s):  
Bradley E. Alger
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
A Minor

This chapter reports original data from two surveys conducted to find out how scientists view the hypothesis and related concepts. One was an online survey of hundreds of members of biological research societies. The scientists reported on their knowledge of and training in the use of the hypothesis, their views about hypothesis testing as compared with other modes of conducting science, such as Discovery Science, open-ended questioning, and Big Data methods. Respondents estimated how the various scientific modes influenced their work and how much they relied on each one. Most respondents,70% of them, reported having received little or no training in scientific thinking; however, 90% felt confident about their thinking skills. Nevertheless, more than 90% felt that formal training in this area would be helpful. The great majority relied on hypotheses in their research work. The second survey, analyzed all (more than 150) neuroscience research papers that appeared sequentially in top journals during 2015 to determine how the papers were structured, particularly with respect to the hypothesis. Only 33% of the papers had an explicitly stated hypothesis, whereas, in 45%, the hypothesis was “implicit.” A minor, though notable, fraction of the papers misused the term “hypothesis.” The results are germane to several topics covered in the remainder of the book.

Seasonal Variations of Avifauna of Shallabug Wetland, Kashmir

1970 ◽  
pp. 20-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran A Dar ◽  
Mithas A Dar
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Current Status ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Bird Population ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Vantage Points

The main thrust in this research work has been given on the evaluation of current status of Avifauna associated with Shallabug wetland. The main objectives were to evaluate the bird population fluctuation, to determine various threats to waterbirds and their habitats, and to present the remedial measures based on the key issues identified. For the purpose of present investigation, the study area was divided systematically into three study units of 700 m² each. Visual census method was used for the estimation of bird population. Visual counting was made with the help of high power field binocular (SG- 9.2) from respective vantage points. The birds were observed on the monthly basis in 2008 and the fluctuation in bird population was determined in different seasons: summer, autumn and winter.  The observations were made from 5:00 am to 7:00 am (when they come out from their resting place) and 6:00 pm to 7:00 pm (when they approach towards their resting place). The analysis of the results showed that the Shallabug Wetland is particularly important for migratory bird species and marsh land breeding species. The wetland was also found important for long distance migrants as a stopper site for feeding and resting. The bird population showed fluctuation with site differences as well as with changing seasons. Key words: Wetland, Shallabug, Avifauna, Fluctuation, Wetland managementDOI: 10.3126/jowe.v2i1.1853 Journal of Wetlands Ecology, (2009) vol. 2, pp 20-34

scholarly journals Galliformes science and species extinctions: what we know and what we need to know

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. K. McGowan, ◽  
◽  
L. L. Owens ◽  
M. J. Grainger ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Species Extinctions

In early 2010, the 193 Parties that had signed up to the Convention on Biological Diversity all acknowledged that they had failed to meet the target that they had set themselves in 1992 of significantly reducing species extinctions by 2010. At the end of the year they set a new and more ambitious target of preventing species extinctions by 2020. Achieving that target will require much greater efficiency in the use of resources and research has a very significant role to play in making this happen. There are 290 species of Galliformes of which 26 % are considered at risk of extinction, compared with 12 % of all 10,000 bird species. At the same time there is significant research literature on the group that stretches back decades for some species. It is timely, therefore, to consider whether it is possible to increase the efficiency and global impact of gamebird research so that, with careful planning that involves more strategic direction and sharing of lessons learnt, game biologists can play a significant role in achieving the 2020 target for species adopted by the Convention on Biological Diversity. Specific areas in need of this lesson sharing approach are population estimation and threat assessment, analysis of exploitation and determining the ecological basis of successful interventions.

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