scholarly journals Irradiation on teak and pine agroforestry system and the effect on growth of soybean

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
DJOKO PURNOMO ◽  
SYUKUR MAKMUR SITOMPUL
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Plot Design

Teak and pines are the largest tree forests in Central of Java so that they are very potential to be developed as an argoforestry system. The average Relative Irradiation Fraction (RIF)’s in the teak and pines trees are 50% and 14% respectively. Meanwhile, soybean is sunloving crop potentially to be cultivated in the agroforestry system. The aim of the research was to study the response of the soybean (Glyicine soya) varieties to the tree canopy pruning. The experiment was conducted at teak and pines forest area (vertisol and ultisol soil type respectively) arranged in split plot design. The main plot factor was pruning (no pruning and pruning) and the sub plot factor was variety (Wilis, Pangrango and Brawijaya). The teak and pines canopy pruning (50% lower part of canopy) increases the incident irradiation among the trees by 70%-89% or equal to 600-1000 μ mol m-2 s-1 and 80% or 840 μ mol m-2 s-1 respectively. The increase in the irradiation among the trees enhances the photosynthetic rate of soybean. The response of the soybean to the enhancing irradiation is higher in specific leaf area (SLA). Biomass production and seed yield of the soybean increases due to the canopy pruning. The seed yield of soybean increase respectively from 0.12 to 0.57 tons ha-1 and from 0.78 to 1.74 tons ha-1 in no pruning and pruning teak and pines agroforest. The Pangrango variety produces the highest yields of seed, thus it is potential to be cultivated as intercrops in a teak and pines agroforestry system.© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: soybean, teak, pines, agroforestry

scholarly journals Agronomic management of lentil under relay cropping system

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjib Kumar Mandi ◽  
Hasim Reja ◽  
Milan Kanti Kundu ◽  
Srijani Maji ◽  
Rajib Nath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Relay Cropping ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted at District Seed Farm, Kalyani, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (22.97oN, 88.43oE, 9.75m MSL), Nadia, West Bengal, India during rabi season of 2014-16 to identify the optimum seed rate and variety for relay cropping with transplanted long duration kharif rice under changing onset of monsoon. The experiment was laid down in split plot design with three replications comprising of three lentil varieties (PL6, WBL 77 and NDL 1) in main plot and four seed rates (50, 60, 70 and 80 kg ha-1) in sub-plot. The varieties and seed rates significantly affected the plant population, pods per plant, biological and seed yield. The lentil variety PL 6 recorded highest seed yield (1446.8 kg ha-1) with the seed rate of 60 kg ha-1 followed by WBL 77 and NDL 1. Among the varieties PL6 recorded highest test weight (27.58 g) followed by NDL 1 (18.36 g) and WBL 77 (16.20 g). The variety PL 6 exhibited highest seed yield which was mainly attributed by the highest test weight of seeds along with moderate plant population m-2 and number of pods plant-1.

Planting pattern and phosphorus management in pigeonpea and mungbean intercropping system

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.K. Math ◽  
M. Udikeri ◽  
L.G. Jaggal ◽  
Yamanura .
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
System 1 ◽  
Phosphorus Levels ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad during rainy season of 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of planting pattern and phosphorus management on production and profitability of intercropping system of mungbean and pigeonpea. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications and eight treatments. Among them, four planting patterns [sole pigeonpea, mungbean + pigeonpea 1:3 (120 cm x 20 cm), mungbean + pigeonpea 1:2 (90 cm x 20 cm) and mungbean + pigeonpea 2:2 (90 cm x 20 cm)] were main plot treatments and two phosphorus levels (P2O5 @ 50 kg ha-1 and P2O5 @ 75 kg ha-1) were sub plot treatments. Based on pooled data the results revealed that, the significantly higher mungbean seed yield (424 kg ha-1) was recorded with application of 75 kg P2O5 as compared to 50 kg P2O5 ha-1. Whereas, in planting pattern, sole mungbean recorded significantly higher seed yield (757 kg ha-1) as compared to all other intercropping systems. Yield advantage indices and net returns were significantly higher in pigeonpea + mungbean (1:3) with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 as compared to other treatments. This study indicated the need of fifty per cent higher dose of P2O5 for the pigeonpea and mungbean intercropping system (1:3) in northern transition zone of Karnataka.

Productivity and soil moisture conservation studies of pigeon pea based intercropping systems as influenced by different land configurations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Garud ◽  
B. V. Asewar ◽  
A. S. Dhawan ◽  
D. N. Gokhale ◽  
I. A. B. Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Soil Moisture Conservation ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Equivalent Yield ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted to study effect of various land configurations on soil moisture conservation and productivity of pigeonpea at experimental farm of AICRP for dry land Agriculture, V.N.M.K.V., Parbhani during kharif season of 2015 and 2016. Soil of experimental field was medium deep black with low in organic carbon, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium.The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three main plot treatments and four sub plot treatments. The gross and net plot sizes are 7.2x5.4m2 and 5.4x3.6m2 respectively. The pigeonpea variety BDN-711 was used for sowing with spacing 90 x 20 cm. The main plot treatments were three land configurations as (L1) broad bed furrow (BBF), (L2) ridges and furrow and (L3) flat bed method. Sub plot treatments were four intercropping systems i.e. (I1) pigeonpea + soybean (2:1), (I2) pigeonpea + green gram (2:1), (I3) pigeonpea + black gram (2:1) and (I4) pigeonpea + cowpea (2:1). It was observed that seed yield of pigeon pea andpigeonpea equivalent yield were significantly affected due to different land configuration and intercropping systems. The highest pigeonpea seed yield (1588 kg ha-1) and pigeonpea equivalent yield (1823 kg ha-1) were obtained with Broad bed furrows (L1) followed by ridges and furrow (L2). Among the intercropping systems, pigeonpea + greengram intercropping system (I2) recorded higher seed yield (1574 kg ha-1) and pigeonpea equivalent yield(1832 kg ha-1).Periodical soil moisture observations in different land configuration considering depth of soil, higher average soil moisture was recorded under broad bed furrow followed by ridges and furrows while lesser was recorded under flat bed sowing.

scholarly journals Determination of leaf status of soybean varieties on shading : chlorophyll and chloroplast

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-620
Author(s):  
LISA MAWARNI ◽  
TENGKU CHAIRUN NISA ◽  
JUSTIN A NAPITUPULU ◽  
KARYUDI KARYUDI
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Leaf Greenness ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Plot Design

Abstract. Mawarni L, Nisa TC, Napitupulu JA, Karyudi. 2019. Determination of leaf status of soybean varieties on shading. Biodiversitas 20: 615-620. The shading tolerant soybean varieties could be identified through the character growth such as leaf status. This study was aimed to obtain the shading tolerant of soybean variety based on their seed size and on the leaf status. Design of experiments was a split-plot design with three replications. The level of shading as the main plot with four levels of treatment was without shading, 30%, 50%, and 70% shading. Soybean varieties as the subplot had 4 genotypes namely Anjasmoro, Pangrango, Tanggamus, and Nanti wherein one variety comes with large seed; two come with medium seeds and the other one comes with small seed. The leaf status for determination was the greenness of leaves, the sum of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll a and b, the forms of chloroplasts and leaf area. The soybean varieties with different seed sizes showed the differences only on the leaf area but not on leaf greenness or on the sum of chlorophyll. Nanti variety, having small seed, turns out to have the largest leaf area but is not shade tolerant. The large leaf area may be due to the forming of tetra foliate leaves on Nanti variety. The form of chloroplast of Anjasmoro variety in 70% shading is better than other varieties. Therefore, determining leaf status can identify shading tolerant of soybeans.

scholarly journals Relationship among specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen, leaf phosphorus and photosynthetic rate in herbaceous species of tropical dry deciduous in Vindhyan highlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajjwal Dubey ◽  
Raghubanshi A. S. ◽  
Anil K. Dwivedi*
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Herbaceous Species

A range of leaf attributes was measured for 17 herbaceous species in four contrasting habitats fortnightly from July to September during 2996-2007. All herbaceous vegetation in 5 randomly located plots within each of four sites were clipped at ground level and analyzed fortnightly. Leaf area was recorded by the leaf area meter (Systronics; Leaf area meter- 211). Fresh leaves were dried at 80o C for 48 hr to estimate their dry weight. Specific Leaf Area (SLA) was determined as ratio of leaf area to leaf dry weight. Leaf nitrogen was measured by Kjeldahl method and phosphorus by phosphomolybdic blue colorimetric method. The obtained values were subjected to Two- tailed Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS (2004 ver. 13) package. SLA, leaf nitrogen, leaf phosphorus and photosynthetic rate show positive relationship with each other.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemupukan N dan Frekuensi Pemangkasan Tajuk pada Aspek Agronomis dan Hasil Tanaman Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) var. Kretek

Jurnal Agro ◽  
10.15575/856 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Edy Suminarti
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
N Application ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Plot Design

Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang pemupukan N dan frekuensi pemangkasan tajuk yang tepat pada tanaman ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.). penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Universitas Brawijaya, di Desa Jatikerto, Malang. Rancangan perlakuan yang digunakan adalah Petak Terbagi, dosis pupuk N ditempatkan pada petak utama, terdiri dari 4 taraf : (1) tanpa dipupuk N, (2) dipupuk 67,5 kg N ha-1, (3) dipupuk 135 kg N ha-1 dan (4) dipupuk 202,5 kg N ha-1. Pemangkasan tajuk ditempatkan pada anak petak, terdiri dari 4 macam : (1) tanpa dipangkas, (2) dipangkas 1 kali, (3) dipangkas 2 kali dan (4) dipangkas 3 kali. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara destruktif meliputi luas daun, masa luas daun, panjang umbi, diameter umbi, bobot umbi per tanaman dan indeks pembagian. Uji F taraf 5% digunakan untuk menguji pengaruh perlakuan, sedangkan perbedaan diantara perlakuan didasarkan pada nilai Duncan taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi interaksi nyata pada luas daun, masa luas daun dan bobot umbi per tanaman. Luas daun dan masa luas daun tertinggi umumnya didapatkan pada pemupukan N dosis 202,5 kg N ha-1 dengan tanpa maupun dengan pemangkasan tajuk 1 kali. Bobot umbi per tanaman tertinggi didapatkan pada tanaman yang diberi pupuk N dengan dosis 135 kg N ha-1 dan pemangkasan tajuk 1 kali.     A field reaserch that aimed to get the appropriate of N application and frequency of topping was conducted in the experimental field of Brawijaya University, located in Jatikerto village, Malang. The experimental treatments consist of  four  levels of N (0 ; 67.5 kg N ha-1, 135 kg N ha-1 and 202.5 kg N ha-1) and four levels frequency of topping (without topping, 1, 2, and 3 of topping). These treatments were arranged in a split plot design; N application in the main plot and frequency of  topping in the subplot with three replications. Data was collected destructively including component of growth, component of yield and plant growth analysis.  F test at 5% is used to determine the effect of treatments, while the average difference between treatments was referred to Duncan value at 5%. The result showed there were significantly interaction between N application and frequency of topping on component of growth and   weight of tuber per plant.   Combination of N application dosage 202.5 kg ha-1 and non or once topped had resulted the highest of leaf area and leaf area duration. While the highest of weight tuber per plant was obtained on  N dosage 135 kg ha-1 and topping one times.

scholarly journals Biological and climatic controls on leaf litter decomposition across European forests and grasslands revealed by reciprocal litter transplantation experiments

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 18053-18084
Author(s):  
M. Portillo-Estrada ◽  
M. Pihlatie ◽  
J. F. J. Korhonen ◽  
J. Levula ◽  
A. K. F. Frumau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Transplantation Experiments ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Projection of carbon and nitrogen cycles to future climates is associated with large uncertainties, in particular due to uncertainties how changes in climate alter soil turnover, including litter decomposition. In addition, future conditions are expected to result in changes in vegetation composition, and accordingly in litter type and quality, but it is unclear how such changes could potentially alter litter decomposition. Litter transplantation experiments were carried out across 6 European sites (4 forest and 2 grasslands) spanning a large geographical and climatic gradient (5.6–11.4 °C in annual temperature 511–878 mm in precipitation) to gain insight into biological (litter origin and type, soil type) and climatic controls on litter decomposition. The decomposition k rates were overall higher in warmer and wetter sites than in colder and drier sites, and positively correlated to the litter total specific leaf area. Also, litter N content increased as less litter mass remained and decay went further. Surprisingly, this study demonstrates that climatic controls on litter decomposition are quantitatively more important than species, litter origin and soil type. Cumulative climatic variables, precipitation and air temperature (ignoring days with air temperatures below 0 °C), were appropriate to predict the litter remaining mass during decomposition (Mr). And Mr and cumulative air temperature were found to be the best predictors for litter carbon and nitrogen remaining during decomposition. We concluded with an equation for predicting the decomposition k rate by using mean annual air temperature and litter total specific leaf area.

Genetic variation studies among physiological characters in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) under rainfed condition of Jaisalmer district Rajasthan, India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maharaj Singh ◽  
K. Venkatesan ◽  
V. V. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Positive Significant Correlation

The multiple plant traits associated with drought were assessed in 21 genotypes of cluster bean including check RGC-936 for their contribution to rainfed adaptation of the genotypes. All the assessed traits showed significantly different genotypic responses under rainfed conditions. Clusterbean genotypes showed wide range of variability for most of the characters and all the traits exhibited broad spectrum of ranges during both years. Total sugar content, specific leaf area at 30 and 45 DAS, number of branches plant-1, number of clusters plant-1, number of pods cluster-1 and seed yield plant-1 showed high genotypic (Vg) and phenotypic (Vp) variances. The high estimates of heritability coupled with high values of genetic advance over mean (GAM) were observed for the characters such as total sugar content, specific leaf area at 45 DAS, clusters plant-1 and seed yield plant-1 indicates predominance of additive component for these traits and hence direct selection would be more effective in improving these traits. Correlation study revealed that number of clusters plant-1 (0.81**, 0.84**), number of pods cluster-1 (0.69**, 0.86**), pod dry weight (0.99**, 0.67**) showed positive significant correlation with seed yield plant-1 during both the years which indicates strong association of these characters with seed yield plant-1. On the basis of above findings, it can be concluded that the characters like, number of clusters plant-1, number of pods cluster-1, showed positive significant correlation with seed yield plant-1. Thus, these traits may be considered as effective parameters of selection to increase seed yield of clusterbean under rainfed situation of Jaisalmer.

scholarly journals Stem diameter growth rates in a fire-prone savanna correlate with photosynthetic rate and branch-scale biomass allocation, but not specific leaf area

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. Wright ◽  
Julia Cooke ◽  
Lucas A. Cernusak ◽  
Lindsay B. Hutley ◽  
Marina C. Scalon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth

Effect of split application of sulphur and nitrogen on growth and yield attributes of Brassica genotypes differing in time of flowering

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altaf Ahmad ◽  
Y. P. Abrol ◽  
M. Z. Abdin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Biological Yield

According to prevalent agronomic practices for cultivation of Brassica genotypes, N is applied in split doses, while S is applied as a basal dose. This may create imbalance in the supply of these nutrients during the growth and development of the crop because metabolism of N and that of S are closely linked and play a central role in protein synthesis. The requirement of one depends on the supply of the other, and the imbalance in their supply causes a reduction in the yield because of reduced uptake and assimilation of the two nutrients. In the present investigation, therefore, S was applied in split doses, along with N, to study its effect on growth and yield attributes of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. and Coss. (V1) and Brassica campestris L. (V2). In the experiment, conducted in the field, 40 kg S ha−1 as CaSO4 (gypsum) was applied either in a single basal application (S1) or in two (S2) or three (S3) split applications; and 100 kg N ha−1 as urea was applied either in two (N2) or three (N3) splits. Biomass accumulation, leaf-area index (LAI), leaf-area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR) and photosynthesis in the leaves were determined at various phenological stages. Split application of S and N (S2N2 or S3N3) resulted in significant improvement in growth and yield of both the genotypes compared with the application of S in a single basal application and N in two splits (S1N2). Genetic variability was observed between the two genotypes in response to split application of S and N. V1 responded better when S and N was applied in two split doses (S2N2) than when it was applied as S1N2 or S3N3 This S2N2 treatment resulted in 40.0, 39.7, 35.5, 48.2 and 18.1% enhancement in biomass accumulation, LAI, LAD, CGR and photosynthetic rate, respectively in comparison with S1N2. Seed yield, biological yield and harvest index were improved by 38.3, 26.3 and 9.5%, respectively, by S2N2 over the results obtained with S1N2. In the case of V2, three split applications of S and N (S3N3) resulted in maximum growth and yield. Increases in biomass accumulation, LAI, LAD, CGR and photosynthetic rate due to application of S3N3 were 48.4, 81.3, 77.9, 101.1 and 28.6% respectively, over the results of S1N2. Seed yield, biological yield and harvest index improved by 41.3, 26.9 and 11.6% respectively, with this treatment.On the basis of results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that S must be applied in split doses for optimum growth and yield of Brassica genotypes. The variability in response of these genotypes to split application of S and N was due to differences in flowering time, as V1 flowered earlier (just after the application of the second dose of S and N) than V1 (just after the application of the third dose of S and N). Key words: Brassica genotypes, nitrogen, sulphur, split application, growth, yield

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