scholarly journals Impacts of peat fire on soil flora and fauna, soil properties and environmental damage in Riau Province, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
BASUKI WASIS ◽  
BAMBANG HERO SAHARJO ◽  
ERIANTO INDRA PUTRA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Soil Thickness ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Peat Fire ◽  
Total Fungi ◽  
Minimum Criteria

Abstract. Wasis B, Saharjo BH, Putra EI. 2019. Impacts of peat fire on soil flora and fauna, soil properties and environmental damage in Riau Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1770-1775. Land fires set by communities can result in the death of flora and fauna, damage the soil, and cause smoke disasters. In this study, we focused on the burnt community land in Riau Province, where we conducted a soil analysis through purposive sampling to highlight the effect of the fires on the environment. Our findings showed that fires caused a decrease of peat soil thickness of 10-15 cm, and resulted in 100% mortality of soil flora and fauna. We found a significant increase in the Ca and soil pH after a fire, but total microorganisms, total fungi, and soil respiration are found decreased. Our results strongly showed that the soil and environmental damage of burnt peat soil on community land exceeded the minimum criteria to be classified as "environmental damage" as defined by Indonesian Government Regulation No. 4/2001 (PP No 4/2001) for the parameters of bulk density, porosity, pH, organic C, N, total microorganisms, total fungi, and respiration.

scholarly journals Soil physicochemical and ethnobiological studies on the peat swamp forests of Southern Papua, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
AKHMAD KADIR ◽  
ROSYE H.R. TANJUNG ◽  
SUHARNO SUHARNO ◽  
BASA T. RUMAHORBO ◽  
MUHAMMAD A. REZA
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Peat Swamp ◽  
Very High

Abstract. Kadir A, Tanjung RHR, Suharno, Rumahorbo BT, Reza MA. 2020. Soil physicochemical and ethnobiological studies on the peat swamp forests of Southern Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: xxxx.  Peatlands play an important role in human life, particularly its direct impact for the locals. People in peatlands depend on the availability of natural resources, including in Papua. The purpose of this research was to determine the important role of peatland areas in the lives of locals in southern Papua. The survey was conducted using the purposive sampling method. Peat soil samples were analyzed at the Balai Penelitian dan Teknologi Pertanian (Agricultural Research and Technology Center) (BPTP) Yogyakarta. The results showed that peatlands in the southern part of Papua, specifically Mappi District, belong to the fibric peats category. Soil analysis results showed that the average pH is 4.04 (acidic), organic C is 16.39% (high), total N is 1.12% (very high), and C/N ratio is 14.69(moderate). In general, the local’s knowledge about peat swamp is still low (26.98%), most of them (73.02%) do not know the existence of peat swamp forest. So far, people only know the forest as swamp forest. The locals still depend on forest areas to fulfill their daily needs, therefore peat areas land-use must be followed by wise management so that they can be made sustainable.

Use of biochar and oxidized lignite for reconstructing functioning agronomic topsoil: Effects on soil properties in a greenhouse study

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asfaw Bekele ◽  
Julie L. Roy ◽  
Michelle A. Young
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Term Field

Bekele, A., Roy, J. L. and Young, M. A. 2015. Use of biochar and oxidized lignite for reconstructing functioning agronomic topsoil: Effects on soil properties in a greenhouse study. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 269–285. Interest in the use of biochar as soil amendment has grown recently. However, studies evaluating its potential use for reclamation of disturbed agricultural lands are lacking. We studied the effects of amending clay, loam, and sand subsoil substrates with wood biochar pyrolized at 800°C, oxidized lignite (humalite), or labile organic mix (sawdust, wheat straw, and alfalfa; LOM) on soil organic carbon (C), microbial biomass, dry aggregated size distribution and penetration resistance in greenhouse. We also considered the co-application of LOM and biochar or humalite to the subsoil substrates as treatments where C from either biochar or humalite represented a stable form of C. The amount and composition of the mix of organic amendments was determined for each subsoil so that organic C levels of reconstructed topsoil would be equivalent to that of the corresponding native topsoil in the long term. Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were grown in rotation in four sequential greenhouse studies. Results from soil analysis at the end of study II and study IV showed that subsoils amended with biochar or humalite had higher organic C than those with LOM only, regardless of soil type. Labile organic mix added alone or together with biochar or humalite to subsoil increased microbial biomass and decreased geometric mean diameter of the dry soil aggregates. The effects of biochar or humalite-only amendment on these soil properties were not significant relative to the unamended subsoil substrate. Simultaneous application of biochar or humalite with LOM can potentially be used for topsoil reconstruction and reclamation of disturbed agricultural lands, and to maintain soil quality in the long term. However, long-term field studies are required to ascertain the longevity of the desirable properties reported in this study and to assess effects associated with aging of biochar or humalite in the soil.

Corrigendum to: Conservation agriculture effects on soil properties and crop productivity in a semiarid region of India

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Somasundaram ◽  
M. Salikram ◽  
N. K. Sinha ◽  
M. Mohanty ◽  
R. S. Chaudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Residue Retention

Conservation agriculture (CA) including reduced or no-tillage and crop residue retention, is known to be a self–sustainable system as well as an alternative to residue burning. The present study evaluated the effect of reduced tillage coupled with residue retention under different cropping systems on soil properties and crop yields in a Vertisol of a semiarid region of central India. Two tillage systems – conventional tillage (CT) with residue removed, and reduced tillage (RT) with residue retained – and six major cropping systems of this region were examined after 3 years of experimentation. Results demonstrated that soil moisture content, mean weight diameter, percent water stable aggregates (>0.25mm) for the 0–15cm soil layer were significantly (Pmoderately labile>less labile. At the 0–15cm depth, the contributions of moderately labile, less labile and non-labile C fractions to total organic C were 39.3%, 10.3% and 50.4% respectively in RT and corresponding values for CT were 38.9%, 11.7% and 49.4%. Significant differences in different C fractions were observed between RT and CT. Soil microbial biomass C concentration was significantly higher in RT than CT at 0–15cm depth. The maize–chickpea cropping system had significantly (P–1 followed by soybean+pigeon pea (2:1) intercropping (3.50 t ha–1) and soybean–wheat cropping systems (2.97 t ha–1). Thus, CA practices could be sustainable management practices for improving soil health and crop yields of rainfed Vertisols in these semiarid regions.

scholarly journals Assessing Wood and Soil Carbon Losses from a Forest-Peat Fire in the Boreo-Nemoral Zone

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 880
Author(s):  
Andrey Sirin ◽  
Alexander Maslov ◽  
Dmitry Makarov ◽  
Yakov Gulbe ◽  
Hans Joosten
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Forest Stand Structure ◽  
Peat Fire ◽  
Peat Fires ◽  
Carbon Losses

Forest-peat fires are notable for their difficulty in estimating carbon losses. Combined carbon losses from tree biomass and peat soil were estimated at an 8 ha forest-peat fire in the Moscow region after catastrophic fires in 2010. The loss of tree biomass carbon was assessed by reconstructing forest stand structure using the classification of pre-fire high-resolution satellite imagery and after-fire ground survey of the same forest classes in adjacent areas. Soil carbon loss was assessed by using the root collars of stumps to reconstruct the pre-fire soil surface and interpolating the peat characteristics of adjacent non-burned areas. The mean (median) depth of peat losses across the burned area was 15 ± 8 (14) cm, varying from 13 ± 5 (11) to 20 ± 9 (19). Loss of soil carbon was 9.22 ± 3.75–11.0 ± 4.96 (mean) and 8.0–11.0 kg m−2 (median); values exceeding 100 tC ha−1 have also been found in other studies. The estimated soil carbon loss for the entire burned area, 98 (mean) and 92 (median) tC ha−1, significantly exceeds the carbon loss from live (tree) biomass, which averaged 58.8 tC ha−1. The loss of carbon in the forest-peat fire thus equals the release of nearly 400 (soil) and, including the biomass, almost 650 tCO2 ha−1 into the atmosphere, which illustrates the underestimated impact of boreal forest-peat fires on atmospheric gas concentrations and climate.

Correlation of pH on Soil Physicochemical Properties using Linear Regression Model for Spectral Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3492-3500
Author(s):  
Vipin Y. Borole ◽  
◽  
Sonali B. Kulkarni ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Analytical Technique

Soil properties may be varied by spatially and temporally with different agricultural practices. An accurate and reliable soil properties assessment is challenging issue in soil analysis. The soil properties assessment is very important for understanding the soil properties, nutrient management, influence of fertilizers and relation between soil properties which are affecting the plant growth. Conventional laboratory methods used to analyses soil properties are generally impractical because they are time-consuming, expensive and sometimes imprecise. On other hand, Visible and infrared spectroscopy can effectively characterize soil. Spectroscopic measurements are rapid, precise and inexpensive. Soil spectroscopy has shown to be a fast, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, non-destructive, reproducible and repeatable analytical technique. In the present research, we use spectroscopy techniques for soil properties analysis. The spectra of agglomerated farming soils were acquired by the ASD Field spec 4 spectroradiometer. Different fertilizers treatment applied soil samples are collected in pre monsoon and post monsoon season for 2 year (4 season) for banana and cotton crops in the form of DS-I and DS-II respectively. The soil spectra of VNIR region were preprocessed to get pure spectra. Then process the acquired spectral data by statistical methods for quantitative analysis of soil properties. The detected soil properties were carbon, Nitrogen, soil organic matter, pH, phosphorus, potassium, moisture sand, silt and clay. Soil pH is most important chemical properties that describe the relative acidity or alkalinity of the soil. It directly effect on plant growth and other soil properties. The relationship between pH properties on soil physical and chemical parameters and their influence were analyses by using linear regression model and show the performance of regression model with R2 and RMSE. Keywords soil; physicochemical properties; spectroscopy; pH

scholarly journals Maize Production and Soil Properties Change in Alley Cropping System at Different Nitrogen Levels

2010 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Md Abiar Rahman ◽  
Md Giashuddin Miah ◽  
Hisashi Yahata
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

Productivity of maize and soil properties change under alley cropping system consisting of four woody species (Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Cajanus cajan and Senna siamea) at different nitrogen levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of recommended rate) were studied in the floodplain ecosystem of Bangladesh. Comparative growth performance of four woody species after pruning showed that L. leucocephala attained the highest height, while C. cajan produced the maximum number of branches. Higher and almost similar amount of pruned materials (PM) were obtained from S. siamea, G. sepium and C. cajan species. In general, maize yield increased with the increase in N level irrespective of added PM. However, 100% N plus PM, 75% N plus PM and 100% N without PM (control) produced similar yields. The grain yield of maize obtained from G. sepium alley was 2.82, 4.13 and 5.81% higher over those of L. leucocephala, C. cajan and S. siamea, respectively. Across the alley, only one row of maize in the vicinity of the woody species was affected significantly. There was an increasing trend in soil properties in terms of organic C, total N and CEC in alley cropping treatments especially in G. sepium and L. leucocephala alleys compared to the initial and control soils. Therefore, one fourth chemical N fertilizer can be saved without significant yield loss in maize production in alley cropping system.

scholarly journals Microbial soil characteristics of grassland and arable soils linked to thermogravimetry data: correlations, use and limits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Doležalová-Weissmannová ◽  
Stanislav Malý ◽  
Martin Brtnický ◽  
Jiří Holátko ◽  
Michael Scott Demyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
C And N

Abstract. Thermogravimetry (TG) is a simple method that enables rapid analysis of soil properties such as the content of total organic C, nitrogen, clay and C fractions with different stability. However, the possible link between TG data and microbiological soil properties has not been systematically tested yet and limits TG application for soil and soil organic matter assessment. This work aimed to search and to validate relationships of thermal mass losses (TML) to total C and N contents, microbial biomass C and N, basal and substrate-induced respiration, extractable organic carbon content, anaerobic ammonification, urease activity, short-term nitrification activity, specific growth rate, and time to reach the maximum respiration rate for two sample sets of arable and grassland soils. Analyses of the training soil set revealed significant correlations of TML with basic soil properties such as carbon and nitrogen content with distinguishing linear regression parameters and temperatures of correlating mass losses for arable and grassland soils. In a second stage the equations of significant correlations were used for validation with an independent second sample set. This confirmed applicability of developed equations for prediction of microbiological properties mainly for arable soils. For grassland soils was the applicability lower, which was explained as the influence of rhizosphere processes. Nevertheless, the application of TG can facilitate the understanding of changes in soil caused by microorganism’s activity and the different regression equations between TG and soil parameters reflect changes in proportions between soil components caused by land use management.

scholarly journals Agricultural Cenosis Pollution by Heavy Metals from Past Ecological Damage Objects

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Дрегуло ◽  
A. Dregulo ◽  
Кулибаба ◽  
Valeriy Kulibaba ◽  
Питулько ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Negative Trend ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Ecological Damage ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Parameters of heavy metals (accumulated in objects with past environmental damage, e.g. unauthorized dumps of municipal wastes, sludge deposits from treatment facilities, and reclaimed quarries) distribution in soddy podzolic soils’ agrocenosis have been studied in this paper. Negative changes of soils’ properties for the lands, periodically experiencing contamination from the objects with past environmental damage have been characterized. In the conditions of minimization of mechanical impact on soil, a negative trend in soil properties changing on the adjacent to objects with past environmental damage lands at preservation of uncontaminated automorphic analogs has been tracked. Agrocenosis degradation indicators are substantially defined by past ecological damage objects’ specifics.

scholarly journals Impacts of reindeer grazing on soil properties on Finnmarksvidda, northern Norway

Rangifer ◽  
2004 ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Uhlig ◽  
Tore E. Sveistrup ◽  
Ivar Schjelderup
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Lichen Cover ◽  
Plant Available Water

Numerous investigations have documented changes in vegetation due to reindeer grazing in Finnmark County, Northern Norway. However, rather few studies have focused on impacts of reindeer grazing on soil properties. The aim of this investigation was to identify possible changes in physical and chemical soil properties due to reindeer grazing. Furthermore, root distribution was detected. At four different locations on Finnmarksvidda three sample sites each were selected subjectively according to lichen and plant cover: A) ample, B) reduced, and C) poor lichen and plant cover. It was supposed that differences in lichen and plant cover were due to differences in reindeer grazing intensity. Results showed that the organic layer beneath ample lichen cover had an about 20% higher CEC and a 30—50% higher concentration of plant available Ca and Mg and total Mg compared to those beneath reduced ones. At sites with poor lichen and plant cover, an organic layer was mostly missing. The exposed mineral Eh-horizons at these sites had a significant (P<0.05) higher organic C content, higher CEC, concentrations of total P, Ca and K, and plant available K, when compared to E-horizons beneath better lichen covers. Rooting depth and amounts of plant available water in the rooting zone were lower at sites with reduced and poor lichen cover. A relation was found between soil organic C and CEC for all soil samples, indicating that soil organic matter is an essential key factor for soil fertility at the investigate sites on Finnmarksvidda. Assuming that differences in lichen and plant cover are related to differences in grazing intensity, results indicate that overgrazing by reindeers can cause a significant degradation of the organic layer, followed by significant losses of essential plant nutrients, a reduction in plant available water and consequently soil fertility.

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