Short communication: The genotype of growth hormone gene that affects the birth weight and average daily gain in crossbred beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tety Hartatik ◽  
AHMAD FATHONI ◽  
SIGIT BINTARA ◽  
ISMAYA ◽  
PANJONO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract. Hartatik T., Fathoni A, Bintara S., Ismaya, Panjono, Widyobroto B.P, Agus A, Budisatria I.G.S, Leroy P. 2020. Short communication: The genotype of growth hormone gene that affects the birth weight and average daily gain in crossbred beef cattle. Biodiversitas 21: 941-945. Growth Hormone gene has been proposed to direct search for quantitative trait loci, and polymorphisms at these loci have been associated with several production traits in bovine. This research aimed to investigate the association of the genotype of partial growth hormone gene with birth weight and average daily gain in crossbred beef cattle. The materials of this research consist of 47 samples from four different breeds. Birth weight was measured just after calving delivery from the mother. The average daily gain was calculated from the period since birth weight to the second weight (90 days). Genotyping of the growth hormone gene was determined by the sequencing and PCR-RFLP method with the AluI restriction enzyme. The association between genotype and growth traits data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) by RStudio version 1.1.383. The results showed the significantly different (P<0.001) in birth weight and average daily gain according to the different breed. Friesian Holstein breed showed the highest birth weight, followed by Belgian Blue Bull cross and others. The genotype valine/valine only occurs in Belgian blue bull cross and Wagyu bull cross cattle and showed moderate birth weight. Genotype affects birth weight significantly (P<0.001). The birth weight for genotype leucine/leucine, leucine/valine, and valine/valine was 34.82±18.13, 25.31±13.10, and 29.35±13.65, respectively. There was no significant difference in average daily genes according to the different genotypes. In conclusion, the growth hormone gene was probably one of the molecular genetics markers for excellent growth traits in different crossbred beef cattle.

scholarly journals Detecting effective starting point of genomic selection by divergent trends from BLUP and ssGBLUP in pigs, beef cattle, and broilers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rostam Abdollahi Arpanahi ◽  
Daniela Lourenco ◽  
Ignacy Misztal
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Trends

Genomic selection has been adopted nationally and internationally in different livestock and plant species. However, understanding whether genomic selection has been effective or not is an essential question for both industry and academia. Once genomic evaluation started being used, estimation of breeding values with pedigree BLUP became biased because this method does not consider selection using genomic information. Hence, the effective start point of genomic selection can be detected in two possible ways including the divergence of genetic trends and Realized Mendelian sampling (RMS) trends obtained with BLUP and Single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP). This study aimed to find the start date of genomic selection for a set of economically important traits in three livestock species by comparing trends obtained using BLUP and ssGBLUP. For this purpose, three datasets comprised a pig dataset with 117k genotypes and 1.3M animals in pedigree, Angus cattle dataset consisted of ~842k genotypes and 11.5M animals in pedigree, and a purebred broiler chicken dataset included ~154k genotypes and 1.3M birds in pedigree were used. The genetic trends for pigs diverged for the genotyped animals born in 2014 for average daily gain and backfat. In beef cattle, the trends started diverging in 2009 for weaning weight and in 2016 for postweaning gain, with little diverging for birth weight. In broiler chickens, the genetic trends estimated by ssGBLUP and BLUP diverged at breeding cycle 6 for two out of three production traits. The RMS trends for the genotyped pigs diverged for animals born in 2014, more for average daily gain than for backfat. In beef cattle, the RMS trends started diverging in 2009 for weaning weight and in 2016 for postweaning gain, with a trivial trend for birth weight. In broiler chickens, the RMS trends from ssGBLUP and BLUP diverged strongly for two production traits at breeding cycle 6, with a slight divergence for another trait. Divergence of the genetic trends from ssGBLUP and BLUP indicates onset of the genomic selection. Presence of trends for RMS indicates selective genotyping, with or without the genomic selection. The onset of genomic selection and genotyping strategies agree with industry practices across the 3 species. In summary, the effective start of genomic selection can be detected by the divergence between genetic and RMS trends from BLUP and ssGBLUP.

scholarly journals Detecting effective starting point of genomic selection by divergent trends from BLUP and ssGBLUP in pigs, beef cattle, and broilers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rostam Abdollahi-Arpanahi ◽  
Daniela Lourenco ◽  
Ignacy Misztal
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Trends

Abstract Genomic selection has been adopted nationally and internationally in different livestock and plant species. However, understanding whether genomic selection has been effective or not is an essential question for both industry and academia. Once genomic evaluation started being used, estimation of breeding values with pedigree BLUP became biased because this method does not consider selection using genomic information. Hence, the effective starting point of genomic selection can be detected in two possible ways including the divergence of genetic trends and Realized Mendelian sampling (RMS) trends obtained with BLUP and Single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP). This study aimed to find the start date of genomic selection for a set of economically important traits in three livestock species by comparing trends obtained using BLUP and ssGBLUP. Three datasets were used for this purpose: a pig dataset with 117k genotypes and 1.3M animals in pedigree, an Angus cattle dataset consisted of ~842k genotypes and 11.5M animals in pedigree, and a purebred broiler chicken dataset included ~154k genotypes and 1.3M birds in pedigree were used. The genetic trends for pigs diverged for the genotyped animals born in 2014 for average daily gain and backfat. In beef cattle, the trends started diverging in 2009 for weaning weight and in 2016 for postweaning gain, with little divergence for birth weight. In broiler chickens, the genetic trends estimated by ssGBLUP and BLUP diverged at breeding cycle 6 for two out of three production traits. The RMS trends for the genotyped pigs diverged for animals born in 2014, more for average daily gain than for backfat. In beef cattle, the RMS trends started diverging in 2009 for weaning weight and in 2016 for postweaning gain, with a trivial trend for birth weight. In broiler chickens, the RMS trends from ssGBLUP and BLUP diverged strongly for two production traits at breeding cycle 6, with a slight divergence for another trait. Divergence of the genetic trends from ssGBLUP and BLUP indicates onset of the genomic selection. The presence of trends for RMS indicates selective genotyping, with or without the genomic selection. The onset of genomic selection and genotyping strategies agree with industry practices across the three species. In summary, the effective start of genomic selection can be detected by the divergence between genetic and RMS trends from BLUP and ssGBLUP.

scholarly journals PSIII-5 Effects of ingredient composition of oral drenches in small piglets post-farrowing on average daily gain and pre-wean mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 238-238
Author(s):  
Olivia Harrison ◽  
Samantha Tauer ◽  
Brent Frederick
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Bioactive Proteins ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Number of pigs born alive has been a key factor of the increasing efficiency of the U.S. swine industry. However, with increased pigs in the uterus, birth weight has been negatively impacted, with more small or at-risk pigs being born per litter. In order to overcome these changes, a study testing three commercial oral drenches against a control to determine which would increase average daily gain and decrease preweaning mortality. In a completely randomized design, 877 one-day-old suckling pigs from a high-health farm were selected for the experiment if they appeared to be in the bottom 20% of bodyweight compared to their contemporaries. Selected pigs were given one of four drenching treatments: 1) none (control), 2) bioactive proteins (BP), 3) high energy sugars (HES), and 4) immunoglobulins (IgY). Pigs were weighed on d 1 and d 19 of age (weaning), with mortality tracked during the suckling period. Data were analyzed using SAS v 9.4 (Cary, NC), with pig as the experimental unit and an accepted alpha of 0.05. Treatment had no detected effect on birth weight, weaning weight, ADG, or mortality (P = 0.79, 0.96, 0.86, 0.38 respectively). Likewise, statistical contrasts were used to determine there was no detected impact (P &gt; 0.10) of drench, regardless of type, compared to the control in any measured response criteria. Interesting, pigs drenched with BP or IgY had numerically lower preweaning mortality (11.2 and 11.5% respectively), than those administered the control or HES (15.4 and 15.2%, respectively). In conclusion, this experiment showed no significant difference in the performance between piglets given no product vs. those drenched with bioactive proteins, high energy sugars, or immunoglobulins. However, additional research is warranted with greater replication or disease stressors to better understand if oral drenches may improve preweaning performance or mortality in different situations.

Genetic improvement of meat sheep. 1. A comparison of different methods of correcting weaning weight for age of lamb

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
IP Gregory ◽  
EM Roberts ◽  
JW James
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meat Sheep ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weight For Age

Several methods of correcting lamb weaning weight for age were compared. Lambs were weighed at birth, at 90 � 1 day of age, when the oldest and when the youngest lamb was 90 days and when the average age of lambs was 90 days. Weights were adjusted to 90 days by the methods of regression, regression pooled within sire groups, average daily gain with and without a standard birth weight and weight per day of age. All the correction methods examined gave similar results and there was no significant difference between methods. The correlations between the actual 90-day weight and the adjusted weights ranged from 0.922 to 0.960 and were highest when the weights taken when the average age of lambs was 90 days were used as the basis for adjustment. All adjusted weights were significantly biased as estimates of actual 90-day weight, but the bias was least for weights when average age was 90 days.

THE EFFECT OF INBREEDING ON PREWEANING GROWTH OF YANKASA SHEEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
E. M. Awemu ◽  
B. Y. Abubakar ◽  
L. N. Nwakalor
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Inbreeding Level ◽  
Daily Gain

The accumulated and annual levels of inbreeding and their effects on growth traits of lambs were investigated using data collected over 11 years at the National Animal Production Research Institute Zaria. Inbreeding level averaged 1.313% per year, cumulating to 14.45% over the years. Average individuals inbreeding coefficients of offspring from sires used for more than one breeding period was 0.103% across the inbred individuals and 0.004% over all lambs. Regression coefficients of growth traits (everage values per year) on inbreeding levels by year were – 0.185kg ± 1.820g and -0.391kg for birth weight, preweaning average daily gain and weaning weight, respectively. All regression coefficients indicated that birth weight and weaning weight declined by 0.185kg and 0.391kg, respectively while preweaning average daily gain increased by 1.820g. Conscious efforts to reduce inbreeding level and its effects on growth traits will greatly lead to improved productivity

Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the insulin and growth hormone gene with growth traits of Mia Chicken

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hoang Thinh ◽  
Hoang Anh Tuan ◽  
Nguyen Thi Vinh ◽  
Bui Huu Doan ◽  
Nguyen Thi Phuong Giang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Chicken Breed ◽  
Gh Gene

This study was conducted in Mia chicken breed to evaluate the association between four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in insulin (INS) and growth hormone (GH) genes, with growth traits. Three genotypes for the SNP A3971G of INS gene and the SNP G662A and C423T of GH gene were present in the population while only two genotypes were found in the Mia chicken breed for SNP T3737C of INS gene (TT and TC). The SNP T3737C INS gene and G662A GH gene had significant association with growth traits (P less than 0.05). A significant association of T3737C INS gene with body weight (BW) was observed at 10 to 12 weeks of age and average daily gain (ADG) at 6-8 weeks of age. The SNP G662A of the GH gene was significantly associated (P less than 0.05) with BW of Mia chicken at ages from 7 to 14 weeks and with ADG (4-6; 6-8; 8-10; 10-12 and 2-16 weeks). Chicken with the GG genotype had greater BW and ADG compared to the other genotypes. The results demonstrated that this SNP G662A GH gene may be used as a candidate marker gene for genetic improvement of growth traits in Mia chicken breed.

COMPARISONS OF CROSSBRED CALVES BY SOUTH DEVON, MAINE- ANJOU AND SIMMENTAL SIRES FOR SOME BEEF PRODUCTION TRAITS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
B. SCHRADER
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Daily Gain

Breed of sire comparisons are made amongst calves born to commercial Hereford cows and sired by bulls of the South Devon (SD, 10 bulls used), Maine-Anjou (MA, two bulls used) and Simmental (SIM, eight bulls used) breeds. Numbers of observations ranged from 239 bulls and 224 heifers for "ease of birth" to 98 bulls for carcass traits. The feedlot test period was 91 days and three feedlot treatments were imposed. Slaughter criteria were subjective and "breed-of-sire" differences in slaughter age and carcass weight were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Differences amongst breed-of-sire means attained statistical significance for "birth weight" (MA > SIM > SD; P < 0.001), weaning weight of males (MA > SIM > SD; P < 0.001), "on-test" weight (MA > SIM > SD; P < 0.001), average daily gain on test (MA > SIM > SD; P < 0.001) average fat depth/100 kg carcass weight (SD > MA = SIM, P < 0.05), trimmed, de-boned, defatted primal cuts per day of age (MA > SIM > SD; P < 0.01), meat marbling score (SD more marbled than SIM more marbled than MA; P <.05). A significant interaction existed between breed of sire and feeding group for average daily gain on test (P < 0.01) and cutability (P < 0.025). Breed-of-sire differences did not attain statistical significance for weaning weight of female calves, loin area/100 kg carcass weight, cut-ability, or meat color score.

The relationships between pre- and post-weaning growth traits in lambs of Iranian fat-tailed sheep and their crosses with Corriedale and Targhee rams

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Farid ◽  
M. Makarechian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Total Gain

ABSTRACTThe pre-weaning records (birth weight, weaning weight and gain from birth to weaning) of 291 male and female lambs and the post-weaning records (body weight, feedlot gain and food conversion) of 136 male lambs were used to study relationships between different traits. The lambs were derived from three fat-tailed Iranian sheep breeds (Karakul, Mehraban and Naeini) and their crosses with Corriedale and Targhee rams. All lambs were weaned at 75 + 5 days of age and the males were fed in a feedlot for 100 days after weaning. Feedlot measurements were taken at 20-day intervals.Weaning weight and pre-weaning average daily gain showed positive and significant associations with birth weight. Birth weight, weaning weight and gain from birth to weaning were positively associated with body weight at subsequent ages in feedlot as well as with final weight (P<0·01). Birth weight, weaning weight and pre-weaning average daily gain were positively and significantly associated with total feedlot gain.Of the different traits, total gain during the first 20 days in feedlot (adjust period) had the lowest and total gain during the second 20 days had the highest association with total feedlot daily gain. There was no evidence that the heavier lambs at weaning and those showing high growth rate before weaning, were more efficient in the feedlot. Gain during the second 20-day period in the feedlot had a significant negative association with the total food conversion (unit food/unit gain) and therefore was a good predictor for food conversion.When the feedlot period was divided into two 40-day periods, it was found that gain during both had a significant negative association with the corresponding food conversion. A similar association was observed between total feedlot gain and food conversion, indicating that the rate and efficiency of gain improved simultaneously.

PSXII-12 Partitioning direct and maternal genetic effects into additive and non-additive components for growth and maternal traits in Yorkshire pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 251-252
Author(s):  
Jicai Jiang ◽  
Shauneen O’Neill ◽  
Christian Maltecca ◽  
Justin Fix ◽  
Tamar Crum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Direct Dominance ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This study investigates how much direct and maternal non-additive genetic effects contribute to growth and maternal traits in swine. We analyzed a sample of 19,475 genotyped Yorkshire pigs from Acuity Ag Solutions, LLC (Carlyle, IL). Approximately 50K SNPs were kept after quality control, and missing genotypes were then imputed using findhap.f90. The genotypes were used to construct genomic relationship matrices (GRMs) corresponding to additive (A), dominance (D), and additive-by-additive epistasis (E) effects for both direct and maternal effects. The GRMs were subsequently employed as covariance structure matrices in a linear mixed model consisting of eight random components, namely three direct genetic effects (Ad, Dd, and Ed), three maternal genetic effects (Am, Dm, and Em), maternal environmental effect, and common litter environmental effect. We estimated these variance components (VCs) for six growth traits (birth weight, average daily gain, back fat, and loin area) and six maternal traits of a sow (total number of piglets born, number of piglets born alive, average weight of piglets at birth, average weight of piglets weaned) using REML in MMAP (https://mmap.github.io/). As shown in Table 1, we found significant (P&lt; 0.05) direct dominance and epistasis VCs for all six growth traits. Additionally, direct epistasis effects explained a larger proportion of phenotypic variation than direct dominance for all growth traits (0.04–0.12 vs. 0.01–0.04). In contrast, direct non-additive VCs were not significant for any maternal trait except for epistasis in average weight of piglets weaned. As for maternal non-additive effects, we only discovered significant additive VC in birth weight and average daily gain and significant epistasis VC in back fat (P&lt; 0.05). Other maternal genetic VCs were largely negligible. In summary, direct dominance and epistasis effects play a prominent role in growth traits of Yorkshire pigs.

scholarly journals Supplementation for beef cattle on Marandu grass pastures with different herbage allowances

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. De Oliveira ◽  
D. R. Casagrande ◽  
L. M. A. Bertipaglia ◽  
R. P. Barbero ◽  
T. T. Berchielli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of beef heifers on Stapf. cv. Marandu grass pastures that were managed at three herbage allowances under continuous grazing with a variable stocking rate and were provided with mineral mix supplement or supplements with energy and protein. Seventy-two test heifers and 48 put-and-take heifers were used in a randomised design in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement [three herbage allowances (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 kg of green dry matter/kg of bodyweight, and two supplementation levels (mineral mix or 0.3% bodyweight of a mineral–protein–energy supplement)], with two replicates per treatment (paddocks), to maintain the pre-established forage allowance. No significant difference was observed in the gain per hectare as a function of the herbage allowance, but 2.5 kg green dry matter/kg bodyweight provided the greatest average daily gain of bodyweight (0.605 kg/animal/day). The energy/protein supplementation provided the greatest average daily gain compared with animals fed only the mineral mix. The supplements in the diet of beef heifers fed at 0.3% of bodyweight increased bodyweight gains without compromising the gain per hectare at different herbage allowances.

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