PSIII-5 Effects of ingredient composition of oral drenches in small piglets post-farrowing on average daily gain and pre-wean mortality

Abstract Number of pigs born alive has been a key factor of the increasing efficiency of the U.S. swine industry. However, with increased pigs in the uterus, birth weight has been negatively impacted, with more small or at-risk pigs being born per litter. In order to overcome these changes, a study testing three commercial oral drenches against a control to determine which would increase average daily gain and decrease preweaning mortality. In a completely randomized design, 877 one-day-old suckling pigs from a high-health farm were selected for the experiment if they appeared to be in the bottom 20% of bodyweight compared to their contemporaries. Selected pigs were given one of four drenching treatments: 1) none (control), 2) bioactive proteins (BP), 3) high energy sugars (HES), and 4) immunoglobulins (IgY). Pigs were weighed on d 1 and d 19 of age (weaning), with mortality tracked during the suckling period. Data were analyzed using SAS v 9.4 (Cary, NC), with pig as the experimental unit and an accepted alpha of 0.05. Treatment had no detected effect on birth weight, weaning weight, ADG, or mortality (P = 0.79, 0.96, 0.86, 0.38 respectively). Likewise, statistical contrasts were used to determine there was no detected impact (P > 0.10) of drench, regardless of type, compared to the control in any measured response criteria. Interesting, pigs drenched with BP or IgY had numerically lower preweaning mortality (11.2 and 11.5% respectively), than those administered the control or HES (15.4 and 15.2%, respectively). In conclusion, this experiment showed no significant difference in the performance between piglets given no product vs. those drenched with bioactive proteins, high energy sugars, or immunoglobulins. However, additional research is warranted with greater replication or disease stressors to better understand if oral drenches may improve preweaning performance or mortality in different situations.

Download Full-text

Genetic improvement of meat sheep. 1. A comparison of different methods of correcting weaning weight for age of lamb

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9760325 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 16 (80) ◽

pp. 325 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

IP Gregory ◽

EM Roberts ◽

JW James

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Weaning Weight ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Meat Sheep ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Weight For Age

Several methods of correcting lamb weaning weight for age were compared. Lambs were weighed at birth, at 90 � 1 day of age, when the oldest and when the youngest lamb was 90 days and when the average age of lambs was 90 days. Weights were adjusted to 90 days by the methods of regression, regression pooled within sire groups, average daily gain with and without a standard birth weight and weight per day of age. All the correction methods examined gave similar results and there was no significant difference between methods. The correlations between the actual 90-day weight and the adjusted weights ranged from 0.922 to 0.960 and were highest when the weights taken when the average age of lambs was 90 days were used as the basis for adjustment. All adjusted weights were significantly biased as estimates of actual 90-day weight, but the bias was least for weights when average age was 90 days.

Download Full-text

180 Evaluation of soluble concentrated yeast product on sow and litter performance

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.187 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 105-106

Author(s):

Robyn Thompson ◽

Amanda Graham ◽

Brandon Knopf ◽

Laura Greiner ◽

Sangita Jalukar

Keyword(s):

Control Diet ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Random Effect ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Yeast Product ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Cross Fostering ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract Two hundred and forty sows (Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were started on study at 35 d post-breeding through lactation to determine the effects of soluble concentrated yeast product (Celmanax SCP, Arm and Hammer, Princeton, NJ) on sow and litter performance. Sows were fed their respective dietary treatments: 1) Control diet gestation x control diet lactation; 2) 0.01% Celmanax SCP in gestation x control diet lactation; 3) Control diet gestation x 0.02% Celmanax SCP in lactation; and 4) 0.01% Celmanax SCP in gestation x 0.02% Celmanax SCP in lactation. All diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) requirements and contained a feed disinfectant. Sows were allowed ad libitum access to feed and water in lactation. Litters were weighed after cross-fostering, 48 h post-farrow (after litter adjustments and cross-fostering) and at weaning. Sows were weighed entering farrowing and at weaning. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete parity block using PROC MIXED of SAS with sow as the experimental unit, treatment as a fixed effect, and parity as a random effect. There were detectable levels of fumonisin (2 ppm), vomitoxin (1.3 ppm) and zearalenone (243 ppb). There were no differences in sow feed intake or body weight loss (P > 0.10). There was a significant difference in treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 for days between wean to estrus (5.99, 5.12, 4.90, 4.49; P = 0.01) and percent bred within 7 d (86.53, 97.06, 97.85, 100.00; P = 0.01), respectively. Average piglet wean weights (kg) were 5.82, 5.87, 5.93, 6.01; P = 0.02 for treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Furthermore, there were no responses in piglet average daily gain or mortality (P > 0.10). The feeding of the soluble yeast product to sows does appear to improve subsequent breeding and litter performance.

Download Full-text

Pengaruh Buka-Tutup Kandang terhadap Kenyamanan dan Kinerja Produksi Sapi Peranakan Ongole (The Effects of Opening and Closing of House on the Ongole Crossbred Cattle’s Comfort and Performances)

Buletin Peternakan ◽

10.21059/buletinpeternak.v33i2.123 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 106

Author(s):

Panjono (Panjono) ◽

Endang Baliarti

Keyword(s):

Water Intake ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Physiological Conditions ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Room Condition ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Opening And Closing ◽

Difference Test ◽

Daily Gain

This experiment was conducted to observe the effects of opening and closing of house on the Ongole Crossbred cattle’s comfort and performances. Nine bulls were divided into three groups of housing. The first group was taken care in the house which was opened in the noon and closed in the night (open-closed house), the second was in the closed house, and the third was in the opened house. The experiment was held for 90 days. The data collected were room condition (wind speed, temperature and humidity), physiological conditions, behaviors, feed and water intake, average daily gain and feed conversion. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance for completely randomized design. The analysis was continued by least significant difference test if there were differences. The result showed that wind’s speed in the open-closed house was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that in the closed house in the noon and significantly lower (P<0.05) than that in the opened house in the night. There was no significantly difference on the room’s temperature among three types of house. Room’s humidity in the open-closed housed was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that in the closed house in the daytime and significantly higher (P<0.05) than that in the opened house in the nighttime. There were no significant difference on the cattle’s physiological conditions, behaviors, physiological conditions, behaviors, feed and water intake, average daily gain and feed conversion among three groups. It was concluded that opening in the daytime and closing in the nighttime of house had no effect on the Ongole Cross Breed cattle’s comfort and performances. (Key words: Open-closed house, Comfort, Performance, Ongole crossbred cattle)

Download Full-text

Tamegrass Forage Options for Growing Heifers During the Summer

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab096.061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 34-34

Author(s):

Jaymelynn K Farney ◽

Macie E Reeb ◽

Zachary T Buessing ◽

Katie Malone

Keyword(s):

Average Daily Gain ◽

Warm Season ◽

Sole Source ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Management Options ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Grazing Period ◽

Period Data ◽

Forage Management ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract Developing methods to provide high quality forage through a majority of the year is important for cattle operations. The purpose of this study was to determine forage management options to off-set the summer “slump” with fescue. Four grass pasture treatments (10 pastures total; 1.67 ha each) were used in a completely randomized design and stocked with growing heifers (initial wt 190 ± 9.1 kg). Pasture treatments consisted of fescue (FES; n = 2 pastures with 4 head/pasture), crabgrass (CRAB; n = 3 pastures with 4 head/pasture), bermudagrass (BERM; n = 3 pastures with 5 head/pasture), and sorghum-sudan interseeded into fescue (SS-FES; n = 2 pastures with 6 head/pasture from April to July, then 4 head/pasture from July to November). Heifers were weighed in April, May, July, September, and November. Heifers assigned to FES/SS-FES pastures grazed from April to November (213 d) and for CRAB and BERM treatments, May through September (131 d). Heifers on FES grazed continuously, while other grass treatments were rotationally grazed. Heifers remained in treatment pasture through the entire grazing period. Data were analyzed using mixed procedures of SAS with pasture as experimental unit. Average daily gain for the entire grazing period was greater for heifers on SS-FES as compared to all other grass treatments (P = 0.001). Between April and May, FES heifers had greater ADG than SS-FES (P = 0.001); yet, heavier stocking rate in SS-FES resulted in similar BW gain/ha (P = 0.16). May to July ADG and BW gain/ha was greatest for BERM, then CRAB, with FES and SS-FES having the lowest gains (P < 0.001). From July through September, ADG was greater for SS-FES and CRAB as compared to FES, with BERM intermediate (P = 0.03); and BW gain/ha tended to be lower for FES compared to other treatments (P = 0.10). Average daily gain and BW gain/ha were greater for SS-FES than FES (P = 0.001) from late September to November. As a summer grazing option, warm season grass alternatives, either as the sole source of pasture or interseeded into fescue, are better options for gain as compared to fescue alone.

Download Full-text

Short communication: The genotype of growth hormone gene that affects the birth weight and average daily gain in crossbred beef cattle

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210312 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Tety Hartatik ◽

AHMAD FATHONI ◽

SIGIT BINTARA ◽

ISMAYA ◽

PANJONO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Short Communication ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Growth Hormone Gene ◽

Production Traits ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract. Hartatik T., Fathoni A, Bintara S., Ismaya, Panjono, Widyobroto B.P, Agus A, Budisatria I.G.S, Leroy P. 2020. Short communication: The genotype of growth hormone gene that affects the birth weight and average daily gain in crossbred beef cattle. Biodiversitas 21: 941-945. Growth Hormone gene has been proposed to direct search for quantitative trait loci, and polymorphisms at these loci have been associated with several production traits in bovine. This research aimed to investigate the association of the genotype of partial growth hormone gene with birth weight and average daily gain in crossbred beef cattle. The materials of this research consist of 47 samples from four different breeds. Birth weight was measured just after calving delivery from the mother. The average daily gain was calculated from the period since birth weight to the second weight (90 days). Genotyping of the growth hormone gene was determined by the sequencing and PCR-RFLP method with the AluI restriction enzyme. The association between genotype and growth traits data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) by RStudio version 1.1.383. The results showed the significantly different (P<0.001) in birth weight and average daily gain according to the different breed. Friesian Holstein breed showed the highest birth weight, followed by Belgian Blue Bull cross and others. The genotype valine/valine only occurs in Belgian blue bull cross and Wagyu bull cross cattle and showed moderate birth weight. Genotype affects birth weight significantly (P<0.001). The birth weight for genotype leucine/leucine, leucine/valine, and valine/valine was 34.82±18.13, 25.31±13.10, and 29.35±13.65, respectively. There was no significant difference in average daily genes according to the different genotypes. In conclusion, the growth hormone gene was probably one of the molecular genetics markers for excellent growth traits in different crossbred beef cattle.

Download Full-text

279 Evaluation of the NRC (2012) model in estimating standard maintenance metabolizable energy requirement of PIC sows during mid-gestation

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.170 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 98-98

Author(s):

Mark Knauer ◽

Jerry Purvis ◽

Ning Lu ◽

Uislei Orlando ◽

Carine Vier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Energy Requirement ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Regression Equation ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Score Change ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the NRC (2012) model in predicting standard maintenance metabolizable energy (MEm) of PIC sows during mid-gestation. A total of 201 PIC Camborough sows (parity 1 to 10) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a complete randomized design between day 36 and 46 post-breeding. Treatments consisted of feeding sows with daily feed allowances to meet 80, 90, 100 or 110% of MEm calculated as MEm, kcal/day = 100 × (body weight)0.75. A common corn-soybean meal-based diet with 3,302 kcal of ME/kg and 0.61% standardized ileal digestible lysine was fed for 28 days. Sow body weight (BW) and sow body condition caliper score (CS) were captured at day 0, 14 and 28. Data were analyzed with PROC GLM of SAS with sow as experimental unit. Average sow parity and feed allowance were 4.2 and 1.79 kg/day, respectively. Average sow BW and sow CS at day 0, 14 and 28 were 234, 233 and 242 kg and 14.9, 14.9 and 14.8, respectively. Increasing feed allowances to meet 80 to 110% of MEm requirement increased (linear, P< 0.01) average daily gain (ADG; 0.100, 0.259, 0.417 and 0.440 kg/d, respectively). The estimated regression equation was ADG, kg/day = -0.83 + 1.193 × MEm, estimating the MEm to maintain BW was below 80% of NRC (2012) estimate. Caliper score change (CSC) increased (linear, P< 0.01) with increasing feed allowances to meet 80 to 110% of MEm requirement (-0.78, -0.26, 0.13, and 0.35, respectively). The estimated regression equation was CSC = -3.73 + 3.78 × MEm, estimating the MEm to maintain CS at 98.7% of NRC (2012) estimate. In summary, results showed that the MEm to maintain BW and CS for PIC sows during mid-gestation was below 80% and at 98.7%, respectively, of NRC (2012) estimated requirement.

Download Full-text

PENGARUH LAMA FERMENTASI DAUN PISANG DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN PAKAN AYAM BROILER

ZOOTEC ◽

10.35792/zot.34.2.2014.5534 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Hengkie Liwe ◽

B. Bagau ◽

M R. Imbar

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Period Effect ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fermentation Period ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Banana Leaf ◽

Broiler Feed

FERMENTATION PERIOD EFFECT OF BANANA LEAF IN RATION ON BROILER FEED EFFICIENCY. This study was done to evaluate the fermentation period effect of banana leaf in ration on broiler feed efficiency. Animals used in this study were sixty broilers (Hubbard strain) at the age of three week old. Research was conducted using completely randomized design involving four treatments with five replications in each treatment. Treatments used were as follows: Ration containing banana leaf without fermentation (R0), Ration containing banana leaf fermented at five days (R1), Ration containing banana leaf fermented at ten days (R2), and Ration containing banana leaf fermented at fifteen days (R3). Data were analyzed by variance analysis. Significantly difference treatment effects on variable measures were tested using honestly significant difference (HSD). Variables measured were feed consumption, average daily gain, and feed efficiency. Results showed that that treatments had significantly difference (P<0,01) on feed consumption, average daily gain and feed efficiency. It can be concluded that ration containing banana leaf fermented at ten days produce the best feed efficiency of broilers. Keyword : Fermented banana leaf, feed efficiency, broiler

Download Full-text

Weight gain and carcass yield in sheep supplemented with multinutrient blocks in transition period dry-rainy season

Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA ◽

10.24188/recia.v8.n1.2016.224 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

LIBARDO MAZA ÁNGULO ◽

SINDY VILLA ARRIETA ◽

HELENA VERGARA RODRÍGUEZ ◽

MORIS BUSTAMANTE YÁNEZ ◽

JUAN SIMANCA SOTELO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Transition Period ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Dry Season ◽

Carcass Yield ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Daily Gain

The aim of this study was to evaluate weight gain and cold carcass yield in sheep supplemented with multinutrient blocks (MNB) fattening phase in the transition period between the dry season and the rainy season. A completely randomized design, in which 16 castrated Colombian hair sheep creoles, managed in rotational grazing (RG) and randomly distributed in four treatments were used as follows: T0: RG; T1: RG + MNB soy based; T2: RG + MNB cotton cake based; and T3: RG + MNB urea based. An analysis of variance was used to determine whether there was a difference between average daily gain and cold carcass yield. For daily gain no significant difference (p>0.05) between treatments was found, but if difference (p≤0.05) was found for cold carcass yield. To sell live animals is not necessary supplementation with multinutrient blocks in the transition period between the rainy and dry season.

Download Full-text

99 Evaluation of IFTA NBS Alone and in Combination with Zinc Oxide on Antibiotic Free Programs During Nursery

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 52-53

Author(s):

Gustavo Silva ◽

Brandon Knopf ◽

Beau A Peterson ◽

Julia Pie ◽

Carlos Domenech ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Random Effect ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Similar Weight ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effect of IFTA NBS on productive performance in pigs from nursery until the end of 1st grow-finish phase. Total of 1,200 pigs (PIC 337 x 1050; PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were allotted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and assigned to blocks based on weight and sex, random allocated to pens with 25 pigs/pen. Diet changes occurred in 4 phases: N1 lasting 7 days, N2 14 days, N3 21 days and F1 21 days. Animals were random assigned to 4 treatments: T1) zinc oxide (ZnO) during N1 (3000 ppm) and N2 (2500 ppm) with no antibiotics; T2) carbadox at 50 g/ton in N1 and N2; T3) IFTA NBS at 500 g/ton during N1, N2 and N3; and T4) IFTA NBS at 500 g/ton during N1, N2 and N3 along with ZnO in N1 (3000 ppm) and N2 (2500 ppm). Treatments were fed a common diet during F1. Outcomes were analyzed as RCBD using SAS PROC GLIMMIX with pen as experimental unit, treatment as main effect and block as random effect. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in weights and average daily gain (ADG) between T2 and T3 during N2. Significant differences on average daily feed intake (ADFI) were observed between T1 and T2 vs. T3 during N2, and between T2 and T3 during N3. During nursery period (N1-N3), ADG and ADFI were different (P < 0.05) between T2 and T3. By the end of the trial, a significant difference in gain:feed between T2 and T3 was detected. Under the conditions of this study, IFTA NBS in combination with ZnO could replace carbadox as it obtained similar weight and FCR during nursery. In addition, the response on gain:feed during the first grow-finish phase deserves further investigation since suggests a beneficial residual effect of IFTA NBS.

Download Full-text

PSVI-16 Effects of feeding spices on heifer gains and potential as tick management

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.375 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 216-216

Author(s):

Jaymelynn Farney

Keyword(s):

Control Method ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Tick Population ◽

Dried Distillers Grains ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Grazing Period ◽

Chemical Usage ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract Alternative methods to antibiotics/chemical usage in cattle production has been of interest in recent years and essential oils/spices have been promoted to fill this niche. The purpose of this research was to evaluate effect of feeding spices on heifer gains and as control method for ticks. Eight bromegrass pastures were stocked (March to November) with four heifers per pasture to compare control mineral (CON) to mineral containing spices (SPICE; garlic + proprietary blend of 4 spices). Mineral (113.4 g/hd/d) was blended in dried distillers grains (DDGs) and total blend was supplemented daily at 0.5% of BW. Heifers were weighed on two consecutive days at the start and end of the study and every 28 d. Weekly (1st 10 weeks), ticks were counted and removed from every heifer. Gains evaluated using MIXED (SAS 9.4) as completed randomized design with subsampling where pasture was experimental unit and heifer within pasture as subsample. Ticks/heifer was evaluated similarly using GLIMMIX with binomial distribution. Average daily gain was increased by 0.7 kg/d with the SPICE mineral (P = 0.04) and heifers on SPICE gained 15 kg more over the entire grazing period (P = 0.04) than heifers on CON. The gain advantage for SPICE was observed within the first 28 d (P = 0.05). Overall, these pastures had a low tick population (137 total ticks collected). Even so, there was a tendency (P = 0.09) for a treatment x week interaction, where in weeks 2 and 3, SPICE heifers tended (P = 0.12) to have more ticks/heifer than CON heifers, yet at weeks 8 and 10 SPICE heifers tended (P = 0.07) to have less ticks/heifer than CON. SPICE in a mineral blended with DDGs increase heifer gains and appear, after a minimum of 4 weeks of consumption, to show some repellent effects to ticks.

Download Full-text