scholarly journals Effectiveness of biological control of Trichoderma harzianum on soybean leaf rust disease and the production in West Papua Lowland, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
EKO AGUS MARTANTO ◽  
ADELIN E. TANATI ◽  
SAMEN BAAN ◽  
HERMAN R. TATA ◽  
Agustinus Murdjoko
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Residential Unit ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Soybean Leaf ◽  
Different Response

Abstract. Martanto EA, Tanati AE, Baan S, Tata HR, Murdjoko A. 2020. Effectiveness of biological control of Trichoderma harzianum on soybean leaf rust disease and the production in West Papua Lowland, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1935-1939. This study aims to evaluate the application of Trichoderma harzianum in leaf rust disease on soybean and its production. The study was conducted for three months starting from May to July 2017, at Residential Unit 11th Sidey Subdistrict, Manokwari District, West Papua Province, Indonesia. This study was designed using Factorial Complete Randomized Design consisting of two treatment factors and repeated three times. There was no treatment of pathogen inoculation in the field. The tested varieties had a different response to plant height. Burangrang, Grobogan, Dena-1, Anjasmoro, and Detam-1 varieties were categorized as moderate resistant varieties. The Trichoderma harzianum application should be applied in the whole crops of soybean to control environmentally the leaf rust disease. Seeds weight per plot for Dena-1 variety was higher compared to other varieties. The combination of Detam-1 varieties with Trichoderma treatment 2 times resulted in increased production.

scholarly journals Research Note: Histopathology of Puccinia philippinensis Syd. & P. Syd, A Fungus that Causes Leaf Rust

2016 ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Dindo King Donayre ◽  
Lucille Minguez
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Rapid Production ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Cyperus rotundus L., popularly known as purple nuts edge, mutha or barsanga, is a weed problem in most crop productions due to its prolific underground parts that permit rapid production of multiple young sprouts in the soil. Yield losses in many crops due to competition by C.rotundus range from 35 to 90%. Puccinia philippinensis, on the other hand, is a potential biological control against C. rotundus. Its anatomy of infection inside tissues of the weed, however, is still very much unexplored. This study was conducted to determine the histopathology of leaf rust disease caused by P. philippinensis inside leaf tissues of C. rotundus. Methods such as staining, embedding, and mounting of leaves with structures of the rust fungus were conducted using the standard staining equipment, glasswares, and chemicals. Microscopic examination revealed that the histopathology of rust disease in leaves of C. rotundus started with swelling due to the development of P. philippinensis’s uredinium in the lower epidermis. The event was followed by the development of numerous urediniospores that came from the uredinia. Lower epidermis of C. rotundus was ruptured due to pressing and pushing out of the urediniospores. Urediniospores of P. philippinensis were sub-globose to globose in shape measuring 13 x 16 μ spores-1.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Agens Hayati Terhadap Intensitas Penyakit Karat Beberapa Varietas Kedelai Hitam

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Gayuh Prasetyo Budi ◽  
Teguh Pribadi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Black Soybean ◽  
Asian Soybean Rust ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Corynebacterium Sp

Black soybean (G. max (L.) Merr.) is an important food crop and has a high nutritional content. Demand for this commodity is increasing. National soybean demand in 2015 about 2.6 million tons but domestic production only 982,967 tons. One of the obstacles to increasing black soybean production is Asian soybean rust disease caused by P. pachyrhizi. The susceptibility of black soybean to rust makes the farmers often use chemical fungicides to control it. Alternative control of rust leaves that suitable for the environment is through the selection of more resistant varieties of rust and the application of biological agents of Corynebacterium sp. and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). The research was conducted in endemic area of ​​ Asian soybean rust disease, using Complete Randomized Design 2 factors. Factor 1 varieties of black soybeans consists of V1: Detam 1, V2: Detam 3, V3: Detam 4 and Factor 2 biological agents consist of: control, Corynebacterium sp. and PGPR with 3 replications. The results showed that Detam 1 varieties produced the most massive seeds: 6.86 g plant-1. Corynebacterium sp. and PGPR treatment can significantly reduce the intensity of Asian soybean rust disease compared to controls. The intensity of rust disease in Corynebacterium sp. (11.7%), PGPR (8.9%), control (33.9%). Both soybean varieties and biological agents showed no interaction in all observed variables.

Biocontrol of seed-borne Alternaria raphani and A. brassicicola

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 850-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vannacci ◽  
G. E. Harman
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
Radish Seedlings

Forty-two microorganisms were tested as biological control agents against Alternaria raphani and A. brassicicola. Tests were conducted for in vitro antagonistic ability, for ability to control the pathogens on naturally infected seeds germinated on moistened blotters, and in planting mix in growth chamber studies, and for their ability to reduce pod infection. The organisms tested were obtained from cruciferous seeds or were strains already identified as being effective against soil-borne Pythium species. The blotter test indicated that six organisms increased both the number of healthy seedlings and the number of seedlings produced from A. raphani infected radish seeds. An additional seven strains improved either germination or increased the number of healthy seedlings. Twenty-nine organisms increased the number of healthy cabbage seedlings from A. brassicicola infected seeds, but total germination was not modified by any treatment. Experiments in planting mix showed that five antagonists (Chaetomium globosum, two strains of Trichoderma harzianum, T. koningii, and Fusarium sp.) increased the number of healthy plants in both radish samples tested, while four additional antagonists provided a significant increase in only one of the samples tested. The five antagonists that consistently increased numbers of healthy radish seedlings also decreased pod infection by A. raphani. None were as effective as iprodrone, however. Several effective antagonists were found to be mycoparasitic against Alternaria spp. Some strains of Trichoderma previously found to be effective against Pythium spp. were also effective against Alternaria spp., indicating that these strains have a wide host range.

scholarly journals Application of Trichoderma harzianum on the physiological quality of cowpea seeds

2021 ◽  
pp. 643-648
Author(s):  
Marcelo Laranjeira Pimentel ◽  
Henara Valéria Miranda Castro ◽  
Mike Kirixi Munduruku ◽  
Larissa Conceição Cunha Ponte ◽  
Deyvielen Maria Ramos Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Set Up

The use of fungi in seed treatment can improve the plant's physiological characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the use of Trichoderma harzianum on the physiological quality of bean seeds. The experiment was set up and conducted in the forest seed laboratory of the Federal University of Western Para, in a randomized design, using 4 procedures on the basis of a colony forming unit (CFU): T1 (0 CFU), T2 (4 x 109 CFU), T3 (8 x 109 CFU) and T4 (12 x 109 CFU), with 5 repetitions. Germination percentage (G%), germination speed index (GSI), hypocotyl length (HL) and radicle length (RL) were evaluated as variables. The data were analyzed by variance analysis and the averages were compared using the Tukey test (p≤0.05), in addition to the regression analysis, using the Minitab© version 18 statistical software. There were differences between the germination percentage tests, in which T2 obtained 100% of germinated seeds, for GSI it was observed that T2 and T3 were equal and superior to the other treatments, while for RL T1 and T2 obtained the best results, however, for HL there were no statistical differences between treatments. T2 was more efficient in the physiological quality of seeds to germination percentage and germination speed index

scholarly journals INDUCTION OF SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE OF WHEAT SEEDLINGS AGAINST LEAF RUST DISEASE.

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-256
Author(s):  
Marian Thabet ◽  
E. Gado ◽  
M. Najeeb ◽  
S. El -Deeb
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

scholarly journals Selection and Inheritance of Tomato Resistance against Ralstonia solanacearum

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Isna Maulida ◽  
Rudi Hari Murti ◽  
Triwidodo Arwiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Back Cross ◽  
Inheritance Patterns ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Resistant Lines

Ralstonia solanacearum is a plant pathogen causes wilting which is a major obstacle in the cultivation of tomato plants. In plant breeding, knowledge of the source of resistance genes and inheritance patterns is important in the development of bacterial wilt resistant varieties. This study aimed to obtain bacterial wilt resistant lines and to find out the inheritance pattern of tomato resistance to bacterial wilt. Selection of resistant plant involved the selected breeding lines from irradiation and crossing collections of the Genetic Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Introduced lines of H-7996 and F1 Permata and Timoti were used as a control. H-7996 as resistant parents and GM2 as susceptible parents, and their offspring include F1 GM2 x H-7996, F1 reciprocal, F2, Back Cross 1 (F1 x GM2), and Back Cross 2 (F1 x H-7996) used in testing inheritance patterns. Inoculation was carried out 1 week after planting by pouring 100 ml of water suspension of R. solanacarum (108  cfu/ml) on the roots. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this experiment. The scoring observation was carried out every week for one month. This study showed that Permata as a control was the most resistant, while Timoti and H-7996 were medium resistant. The CLN, G6, G8, and G7 lines were susceptible medium, yet only G8 and G7 with the smallest percentage of disease intensity and not significantly different than Timoti. The resistance gene to bacterial wilt on H-7996 was controlled by genes in the cell nucleus with additive-dominant gene action. Resistance to bacteria has a moderate level of heritability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document