scholarly journals Helminth fauna of Microtus cf. arvalis (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in Russia and adjacent countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
NADEZHDA Yu. KIRILLOVA ◽  
Alexander Kirillov ◽  
ALEXANDER B. RUCHIN ◽  
MAXIM V. TRUKHACHEV
Keyword(s):  
Common Vole ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Final Host ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Voles ◽  
Paratenic Hosts ◽  
Parasitic Worms

Abstract. Kirillova NYu, Kirillov AA, Ruchin AB, Trukhachev MV. 2020. Helminth fauna of Microtus cf. arvalis (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in Russia and adjacent countries. Biodiversitas 21: 1961-1979. The helminth fauna of voles of the Microtus cf. arvalis group is reviewed focusing on the Russian fauna and that of adjacent territories. In total, 61 helminth species have been recorded in these rodents: Trematoda-14, Cestoda-21, Nematoda-25, Acanthocephala-1. The diversity of the helminth community of the common vole is due to the wide species range and abundance of this rodent. M. arvalis is the final host for most of the parasites recorded from this host species. Only 10 cestodes and trematodes species use common voles as intermediate and paratenic hosts. The core of this voles’ helminth fauna is formed by common species that parasitize many different rodent species. The helminth fauna of the common vole has been most intensively studied in Russia, where 45 species of parasitic worms have been recorded in rodents. The similarity of the helminth fauna of the common vole from different study regions is determined by both the geographical proximity of the research areas and the broad distribution of most of the M. cf. arvalis helminth species.

Prey choice of Tengmalm's owls (Aegolius funereus funereus): preference for substandard individuals?

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 816-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesa Koivunen ◽  
Erkki Korpimäki ◽  
Harri Hakkarainen ◽  
Kai Norrdahl
Keyword(s):  
Common Shrew ◽  
Common Vole ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Prey Choice ◽  
Aegolius Funereus ◽  
Nest Boxes ◽  
Bank Voles ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Voles ◽  
Prey Items

Errington proposed that predators mainly kill substandard prey, because dominant individuals force subordinate ones into poor habitats, where the predation risk is higher. We studied the prey choice of breeding male Tengmalm's owls (Aegolius funereus funereus) in 1992, when vole densities crashed. We trapped small mammals in the main habitat types in 21 owl territories, and simultaneously identified prey items cached by the same owls in their nest boxes. The main prey of owls in western Finland are the common vole (Microtus epiroticus), field vole (M. agrestis), bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), and common shrew (Sorex araneus). Common voles were the preferred prey of owls, followed by field voles, bank voles, and common shrews. Prey captured by owls tended to be lighter and smaller than those available in the field. This tendency was significant for field voles and common shrews. Field voles, common voles, and female common shrews captured by owls tended to have more internal fat than those available in the field. This tendency was significant for male field voles and female common shrews. Owls appeared to choose small individuals of some, but not all, prey species, and that these prey items were not in poor physiological condition.

scholarly journals Eight Whole-Genome Assemblies of Yersinia pestis subsp. microtus bv. caucasica Isolated from the Common Vole (Microtus arvalis) Plague Focus in Dagestan, Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina A. Kislichkina ◽  
Aleksandr G. Bogun ◽  
Lidiya A. Kadnikova ◽  
Nadezhda V. Maiskaya ◽  
Viktor I. Solomentsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Common Vole ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Microtus Arvalis ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Voles ◽  
Genome Assemblies

ABSTRACT We here report the draft genome sequences of 8 Yersinia pestis subsp. microtus bv. caucasica strains isolated from the East Caucasian (previous name, Dagestan) mountain focus (no. 39), representing the most ancient branch of the 0.PE2 phylogroup circulating in populations of common voles (Microtus arvalis).

scholarly journals Staphylococcus microti sp. nov., isolated from the common vole (Microtus arvalis)

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Nováková ◽  
Roman Pantůček ◽  
Zdeněk Hubálek ◽  
Enevold Falsen ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Busse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Common Vole ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microtus Arvalis ◽  
Polar Lipid Profile ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Voles ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Two strains of Gram-positive cocci were isolated from viscera of common voles (Microtus arvalis Pallas) with generalized Brucella microti infection in the Czech Republic. Biochemical features and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strains are representatives of the genus Staphylococcus and assigned Staphylococcus muscae as the nearest relative. A detailed characterization done by ribotyping, rpoB and hsp60 gene sequencing, whole-cell protein analysis and rep-PCR using the (GTG)5 primer differentiated the two strains from all described staphylococci. DNA–DNA hybridization with the type strain of S. muscae demonstrated that the two strains should be considered as members of a novel species (26.8 % reassociation). The two analysed strains were found to be coagulase-negative, novobiocin-susceptible, oxidase-negative cultures, phenotypically close to one another, but showing differences in ribotype profiles. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C18 : 2 ω6,9c/anteiso-C18 : 0, C18 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω9c. MK-7 was the predominant isoprenoid quinone, with minor amounts of MK-6 and MK-8. The polar lipid profile was composed of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and several unknown lipids. These results proved that the two isolates represent a novel staphylococcal species. The name proposed for this novel taxon is Staphylococcus microti sp. nov.; the type strain is 4005-LJ(m)T (=CCM 4903T =CCUG 55861T =DSM 22147T).

scholarly journals Control of Common Vole (Microtus arvalis) in Alfalfa Crops Using Reduced Content of Anticoagulants

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Goran Jokić ◽  
Tanja Blažić
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Common Vole ◽  
Zinc Phosphide ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Microtus Arvalis ◽  
Rodent Control ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Remote Sites ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Voles

The common vole, Microtus arvalis, which is prone to cyclic overpopulation, poses a significant threat to sustainable alfalfa production by either chewing shoots periodically or gnawing and damaging roots permanently. In areas with established vole colonies, the density of alfalfa plants was shown to decrease 55.3–63.4%. Simultaneously, the number of alfalfa shoots decreased by 60.9–71.7%. These experiments were conducted in compliance with an EPPO standard method in alfalfa fields at three geographically remote sites. The experiment tested the efficacy of the most widely used acute rodenticide zinc phosphide (2%), and anticoagulants applied at significantly reduced doses of active ingredients, i.e., bromadiolone (25 ppm) and brodifacoum (25 ppm), as well as a combination of these active ingredients at a low concentration (10 + 10 ppm). Three weeks after treatment, zinc phosphide and brodifacoum achieved the highest average efficacy, at 98.5% and 92.05%, respectively, while the average efficacy of the anticoagulant combination and bromadiolone was 87.2% and 75.5%, respectively. The achieved efficacy of baits based on brodifacoum and the combination of brodifacoum and bromadiolone in controlling common voles indicates their possible utilization in the field. Baits with 25 ppm of brodifacoum and the combination of bromadiolone and brodifacoum (10 + 10 ppm) showed satisfactory results and their introduction could significantly improve pest management programs for rodent control. At the same time, the use of anticoagulant rodenticides with reduced contents of active ingredients would significantly reduce their exposure to non-target animals, especially predators and vultures. By further improving the palatability of tested baits for target rodent species, their efficacy and safety of application would be significantly improved.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Dynamics and Molecular Evolution of Tula orthohantavirus in German Vole Populations

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Sabrina Schmidt ◽  
Daniela Reil ◽  
Kathrin Jeske ◽  
Stephan Drewes ◽  
Ulrike M. Rosenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Common Vole ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Voles

Tula orthohantavirus (TULV) is a rodent-borne hantavirus with broad geographical distribution in Europe. Its major reservoir is the common vole (Microtus arvalis), but TULV has also been detected in closely related vole species. Given the large distributional range and high amplitude population dynamics of common voles, this host–pathogen complex presents an ideal system to study the complex mechanisms of pathogen transmission in a wild rodent reservoir. We investigated the dynamics of TULV prevalence and the subsequent potential effects on the molecular evolution of TULV in common voles of the Central evolutionary lineage. Rodents were trapped for three years in four regions of Germany and samples were analyzed for the presence of TULV-reactive antibodies and TULV RNA with subsequent sequence determination. The results show that individual (sex) and population-level factors (abundance) of hosts were significant predictors of local TULV dynamics. At the large geographic scale, different phylogenetic TULV clades and an overall isolation-by-distance pattern in virus sequences were detected, while at the small scale (<4 km) this depended on the study area. In combination with an overall delayed density dependence, our results highlight that frequent, localized bottleneck events for the common vole and TULV do occur and can be offset by local recolonization dynamics.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of selected murine and microtine species to infection by a wild strain of Francisella tularensis subsp. holoarctica

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bandouchova ◽  
J. Sedlackova ◽  
M. Hubalek ◽  
M. Pohanka ◽  
L. Peckova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Common Vole ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Bacterial Burden ◽  
Apodemus Flavicollis ◽  
Microtus Arvalis ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Voles

The purpose of this study was to compare susceptibility of BALB/c mice, common voles (<i>Microtus arvalis</i>) and yellow-necked mice (<i>Apodemus flavicollis</i>) to infection by a virulent <i>Francisella tularensis</i> subsp. <i>holarctica</i> strain. Median survival in these three species following experimental infection with 320 colony forming units of <i>F. tularensis</i> (both intraperitoneally and subcutaneously) amounted to 4.5, 7 and 4 days, respectively. Survival curves of BALB/c and yellow-necked mice were very similar and were significantly different from that of common voles. LD50 was 0.5 and 37.9 colony forming units in BALB/c mice and common voles, respectively. The bacterial burden in the spleen, liver, lung, kidney and blood of common voles started to develop later post exposure and amounted to lower levels (except in kidneys) than in BALB/c mice. The results demonstrate that yellow-necked mice are even more susceptible to infection by <i>F. tularensis</i> than BALB/c mice and that the common vole is a small mammalian host with a susceptibility which is two-orders-of-magnitude lower.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus microti DSM 22147, Isolated from the Common Vole

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
XinJun Hu ◽  
Yibing Shang ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
Huping Zhang ◽  
Yalin Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Common Vole ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Microtus Arvalis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
A Genome ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Voles

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus microti DSM 22147 was isolated from viscera of common voles (Microtus arvalis Pallas) with generalized Brucella microti infection in the Czech Republic. To the best of our knowledge, the genome sequence of the species S. microti has not been previously studied. The complete genome sequence of strain DSM 22147 includes a genome of 2,381,859 bp (38.0% GC content) without any plasmids.

Life cycle and pathogenicity of Eimeria strakonicensis n.sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in experimentally infected common voles (Microtus arvalis)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Koudela ◽  
J. Vítovec
Keyword(s):  
Villous Atrophy ◽  
Common Vole ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
Microtus Arvalis ◽  
Oocyst Wall ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Crypt Hyperplasia ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Voles

The oocysts of Eimeria strakonicensis n.sp. are described from the feces of the common vole, Microtus arvalis. Sporulated oocysts were broadly ellipsoidal and measured 28.3 × 25.2 μm. The oocyst wall was composed of a yellowish rough outer layer and colourless smooth inner layer. The sporulated oocysts contained a compact blackberry-like residuum. The sporocysts, with a small Stieda body, measured 11.5 × 9.5 μm. Sporulation was completed within 7 days at 20–23 °C. Endogenous development of E. strakonicensis was found to take place in the middle and posterior jejunum. Asexual development comprised two generations of meronts, which were seen at 3 and 4 days postinfection. The first fully developed macrogametes, microgametes, and oocysts were seen at 5 days postinfection. The prepatent period was 5 days and the patent period was 3–4 days. The pathological changes caused by E. strakonicensis consisted of villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and inflammatory infiltration of the lamina propria of the middle and posterior jejunum. During the acute phase, the villous tips were eroded and numerous trophozoites of Spironucleus sp. and Giardia sp. and necrotic debris filled the cryptal and intestinal lumina.

Diet composition, prey choice, and breeding success of Long-eared Owls: effects of multiannual fluctuations in food abundance

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2373-2381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkki Korpimäki
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Common Vole ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Alternative Prey ◽  
Optimal Diet ◽  
Bank Voles ◽  
Vole Cycle ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Voles

Common voles (Microtus epiroticus) were the main prey of Long-eared Owls (Asio otus) breeding in western Finland during 1977 – 1989. They constituted, on average, 58% (range < 15 to > 75%) of the number of prey. Field voles (Microtus agrestis), common shrews (Sorex araneus), bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus), and water voles (Arvicola terrestris) were the most frequent alternative prey. The owls showed strong preference for common voles over the alternative prey species and this preference increased with vole density. If the common vole is the most profitable prey of Long-eared Owls, the between-years variation in the diet was consistent with the three predictions of the conventional model of the optimal diet theory. (1) Predators should feed on the most valuable prey type when prey are abundant. There was a positive correlation between the abundance of common voles and their proportions in the food. (2) No relationships for alternative prey types agreed with the prediction that the inclusion of a prey type in the diet depends only on the abundance of the preferred prey. (3) As predicted by the optimal diet theory, the diet width expanded when the density of common voles decreased and shrank when vole density increased. Annual breeding density (range 0.0–0.4 nests/km2), mean clutch size (3.0 – 6.3), and mean brood size (0.0 – 3.5) were positively related to the spring abundance of common and field voles. Accordingly, it is adaptive for Long-eared Owls to breed in a good area for voles. Because vole abundances in Fennoscandia fluctuate markedly between years and asynchronously between areas, Long-eared Owls should stay in the same area in the increase phase of the vole cycle, but move away when voles decline.

scholarly journals HELMINTH FAUNA OF MUSTELIDS (NEOVISON VISON, LUTRA LUTRA, MARTES MARTES, MUSTELA PUTORIUS, MELES MELES) AT CENTER OF EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA (Preliminary results)

2019 ◽  
pp. 678-683
Author(s):  
Tsvetkov ◽  
Korablev
Keyword(s):  
Meles Meles ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Pine Marten ◽  
Mustela Putorius ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Pskov Region ◽  
Parasitic Worms ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dominant Influence

Helminthological autopsies of Mustelids from various districts of Pskov, Тver and Smolensk region were carried out. To determine the prevalence rates of the infestation, an extensive invasion index was used. According to the results of helminthological autopsies, a list of detected helminthes is given. For the first time on the study area, 14 species of helminthes were recorded in studied Mustelids. Two of the found species of helminthes parasitize in Mustelids in larval form. The maximum variety of species is observed among the Nematoda class. The data on the number of detected helminth species in Mustelids in certain districts of the Tver, Pskov and Smolensk regions, as well as indicators of the frequency of helminthes were given. The maximum number of helminth species is recorded in Mustelids in the Novosokolnichesky district of the Pskov region. Extensiveness of invasion of all studied species of Mustelids, excluding otter, is 100%. According to the indicators of extensiveness of invasion in the studied Mustelids, Isthmiophora melis, Capillaria mucronata, Capillaria putorii, Filaroides martis are prevalent. The maximum number of species of parasitic worms is recorded in pine marten. The research results indicate the dominant influence of the trophic factor in the formation of the helminth fauna of martens that inhabit the study areas.

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