scholarly journals Nesting behavior of reintroduced Bornean Orangutan in Bukit Batikap Conservation Forest, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
IKE NURJUITA NAYASILANA ◽  
SRI SUCI UTAMI ATMOKO ◽  
AHMAT SUYOKO ◽  
SUWARNO HADISUSANTO
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Side Branch ◽  
Nesting Behavior ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Bornean Orangutan ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Parametric Statistics ◽  
Preferred Species ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Nayasilana IN, Atmoko SS, Suyoko A, Hadisusanto S. 2020. Nesting behavior of reintroduced Bornean Orangutan in Bukit Batikap Conservation Forest, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2088-2096. Great apes such as orangutans build a nest to rest in every night. Orangutan’s nest making skills correlate with their adaptability in a new habitat. Here we analyzed the nest skill on the reintroduced orangutan. Skills process and thought training there is a back to remembers in forest school and pre-release islands in the rehabilitation center. The study aimed to observe the skill adaptation of reintroduced orangutans (semi-wild and ex-rehabilitate) for nest building and the characteristic of the tree chosen for their nests in a new habitat. The study was 16 individuals (8 semi-wild and 8 ex-rehabilitate) from February 2012 to November 2014 at the release site of Bukit Batikap Conservation Forest, Central Kalimantan. The method used in the study was instantaneous focal animal sampling, which follows the behavior of each orangutan from the morning nest to the night nest. Non-parametric statistics test (Kruskal-Wallis) was used to nesting behavior, Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) is used to determine the relationship between nesting behavior and nesting tree species, and ArcMap GIS 10.3 to find out the distribution of nest trees in the research location. The result of the study revealed that reintroduced orangutan prefers to build a nest to rest at night rather than day nest. Semi-wild orangutans prefer tree species with dense canopy and branching, while ex-rehabilitation orangutans pay less attention to this. Mostly, reintroduced Bornean orangutan created new nests rather than reusing and/or repairing old nests. Species of Syzygium sp. Lithocarpus sp. and Xanthophyllum sp. are a preferred species of the nest tree, the nest position of 2 (nests are constructed on the main side-branch) and 3 (the crown of the tree) is dominance. Orangutan prefer height tree species between 26-30m for day nests, are selectively determined as part of the adaptation process. However, each individual will choose the nest type species of tree, positions, and height according to their characteristics of the nest tree.

scholarly journals Nesting behavior of Bornean immature Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in Nyaru Menteng Arboretum School, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad Fauzi ◽  
Soemarno Soemarno ◽  
Aminudin Afandhi ◽  
Amin Setyo Leksono
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Pongo Pygmaeus ◽  
Nesting Behavior ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Bornean Orangutan ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Daily Behavior ◽  
Building Activity ◽  
Pongo Pygmaeus Wurmbii

Abstract. Fauzi F, Suemarno, Afandhi A, Leksono AS. 2020. Nesting behavior of Bornean immature Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in Nyaru Menteng Arboretum School, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2172-2179. This research aimed at analyzing the nesting behavior of Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in Nyaru Menteng Arboretum, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The objects of observation were the immature orangutan nest, and the type of nest tree. The purposive sampling technique was used because not all immature Orangutan could make a nest. The Focal animal sampling method was used to determine the daily behavior and nets building activity. It involved observing and recording the behavior of five young Orangutans over a certain period of time and analyzing the nest made. The results of the study established that the daily activity of immature Orangutan on an average sequentially ranges from feeding 17.18%, moving 23.92%, resting 26.34%, and social behavior 32.57%. The process of making a nest begins with finding a suitable branch, bending and breaking twigs, and then arranging the twigs and leaves as a mattress. The duration of building a nest was 5.00 to 6.44 minutes, the preferred nest tree was Palaquium xanthochymum and Shorea spp., and the direction of the nest more facing west.

Gebirgswaldpflege – es kommt auf den Standort an | Mountain silviculture – it all depends on the site

2001 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Frehner
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Snow Mould ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Protection Forests

The article shows that knowledge of the site of a particular forest stand, together with research results and experience, can provide information that is important for the cultivation of mountain forests, including knowledge of the composition of the tree species and the structure and growth capacity of natural forest. Furthermore, certain sites can, thus, be characterized by factors that influence restocking, such as snow mould,lush ground vegetation or low temperature. The guidelines«minimale Pflegemassnahmen» – «Minimal tending of protection forests» (WASSER und FREHNER, 1996) are based on this principle. For individual sites, warnings about natural dangers such as rock fall or statements concerning nature conservation can be made (e.g., the occurrence of tree species, suitability as a biotope for Capercaille). In conclusion, two research projects on the relationship between site and natural dangers will be presented.

scholarly journals The influence of forest-forming tree species on diversity and spatial distribution of algae in forest litter

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yevhen Maltsev ◽  
Irina Maltseva
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The forest litter plays a significant role in forest ecosystems. The composition of the litter biota comprises micro- and mesofauna, and a great diversity of microorganisms, including unrecognized algae (eukaryotic representatives and Cyanoprokaryota). The aim of this work was to study the diversity of algae in the different types of forest litters and to clarify the relationship between the algae composition and the forest-forming tree species. Our results show that the pine forest litter is the most appropriate habitat for the development of green and yellow-green algae and that this litter type limits the variety of blue-green ones. The admixture of deciduous leaf litter to pine litter caused an increase in the species richness of blue-green algae and diatoms. The algae were unevenly distributed across the sub-horizons of pine litter. The highest species richness of algae was identified in the enzymatic sub-horizon of litter. The peculiarity of the composition of leaf litter algae was a significant variety of green, yellow-green and blue-green algae. The spatial organization of algae communities in the leaf litter was characterized by equal distribution of algae species in the litter-subhorizons.

scholarly journals Local wisdom as basic material for drafting local government regulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marhaeni Ria Siombo
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Processing Data ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Forest Fire Prevention ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Method

The Dayak tribe is a native of Kalimantan's island, one of the large islands in Indonesia that has a large forest area. This study aims to determine the local wisdom of the Dayak tribe in managing forests to prevent forest fires to realize sustainable forest development. This research uses a descriptive method. The study was conducted on the Maanyan Dayak tribe in Muara Tewe, North Barito Regency, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data was obtained employing observation, interviews. Focus group discussion and documentation. Data analysis using Triangulation Technique. Namely by collecting data, processing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The study results show that the Dayak tribe has Local Wisdom, which provides guidelines for interacting with the forest. The Dayak tribe understands the relationship between humans and nature with a religious dimension that can be used to manage forests. This research is expected to be a material consideration for related parties to forest fire prevention by utilizing the local wisdom of the Dayak tribe.

Automated Quantitative Analysis of Terminal Tree Branch Similarity by 3D Registration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Brucculeri ◽  
Lance Evans ◽  
Zahra Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Side Branch ◽  
Terminal Branch ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
3D Registration ◽  
Self Similarity ◽  
Tree Branch

A popular, but unsubstantiated view is that tree branch morphologies are similar (self-similarity) and are of an iterative nature. To date there are no studies that document plant branch self-similarities. The purpose of this research is to develop a program (3D Simquant) that estimated self-similarities among paired branch terminals quantitatively. After 3D Simquant was written, the program was verified and sensitivity analysis performed, eighty-five terminal branch pair-wise comparisons from five different tree species were analyzed. Only two branch geometries (Y and Y+1 terminals) were compared. Simple Y terminals are terminal main stems with one side branch while Y+1 terminals are main steams with two side branches. Similarities among paired branch terminals were quantified with Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) after registration of images. For the five species tested, all Y terminals had RMSE values less than 1.5 which indicates they were similar. For most Y+1 terminals, RMSE values were twice that of Y terminals indicating the Y+1 samples were more dissimilar than Y terminals. Overall, the programs were accurate and rapid for an analysis of branch similarities.

Tree species preferences of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in the Campbelltown area south-west of Sydney, New South Wales

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Phillips ◽  
John Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Faecal Pellets ◽  
South West ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
Preferred Species ◽  
Species Preferences

Tree species preferences of a koala population inhabiting a small area of forest and woodland in the Campbelltown area, south-west of Sydney, were investigated over a two-year period. In total, 2499 trees from 45 independent field sites were assessed, with tree species preferences determined on the basis of a comparative analysis of proportional data relating to the presence/absence of koala faecal pellets. The results established that grey gum (Eucalyptus punctata) and blue-leaved stringybark (E. agglomerata) were most preferred by koalas in the study area, but only when growing on shale-based substrates. The preferential utilisation of E. punctata and E. agglomerata on substrates derived from shales, compared with that recorded for the same species on sandstones, suggests that their use by koalas was influenced by differences in nutrient status between substrates. Regression analyses further identified a trend for use of at least one of the preferred species (E. punctata) to be more commonly associated with larger trees. Results are discussed in terms of their relevance to issues of resource availability and the need to reconsider, by way of a hierarchical approach, the use of food trees by koalas generally. The presence of E. punctata and E. agglomerata and their occurrence in conjunction with shale-based substrates are considered to be important limiting factors affecting the present-day distribution and abundance of koalas in the Campbelltown area.

scholarly journals Nests of the Brazilian squirrel Sciurus ingrami Thomas (Rodentia, Sciuridae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 816-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cibele A. Alvarenga ◽  
Sônia A. Talamoni
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Side Branch ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Building Behaviour ◽  
Syagrus Romanzoffiana

Descriptions of Sciurus ingrami Thomas, 1901 nests are not available in the literature. In this study, a survey was made of the distribution of S. ingrami nests in a woodlot located near to the headquarters of the Serra do Caraça Reserve, in state of Minas Gerais, where there is a high concentration of Syagrus romanzoffiana (Chamisso) Glassman palm tree, among other exotic tree species. The nest-building behaviour and the nest characteristics, such as height from the ground, total circumference, diameter of the entrance, and the position of the nest in the tree - in the crown, along the trunk or in a side branch, were described.

scholarly journals The relationship between seed mass and mean time to germination for 1037 tree species across five tropical forests

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Norden ◽  
Matthew I. Daws ◽  
Camille Antoine ◽  
Mailyn A. Gonzalez ◽  
Nancy C. Garwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mean Time

Seed mass and early survivorship of tree species in upland clearings and shelterwoods

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1307-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
D F Greene ◽  
E A Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
High Survivorship ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Negative Exponential ◽  
The Relationship

We examined recommended sowing densities of 25 North American tree species (26 observations) to measure the relationship between juvenile survivorship and seed mass in large clearings and shelterwoods. Two models for expressing the relationship (simple power law or a cumulative negative exponential adjusted to account for rodent-repellent application and seedbed type) all showed that survivorship is highly dependent on seed mass. For a small seed, mineral soil and thin humus confer roughly equally high survivorship. Leaf litter is very poor, and undisturbed thick moss appears to be the worst possible organic seedbed on upland sites. An examination of 30 records of Picea glauca (Moench) Voss survivorship (3- to 6-year-old cohorts) on mineral soil revealed substantial intraspecific variation with only 50% of the values within twofold of the predicted value.

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