scholarly journals Polyphenol content and pharmacological activities of Capsicum frutescens and C. chinense genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfikar D Sahid ◽  
Syukur Muhamad ◽  
AWANG MAHARIJAYA ◽  
Nurcholis Waras
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Modified Method

Abstract. Sahid ZD, Syukur M, Maharijaya A, Nurcholis W. 2021. Polyphenol content and pharmacological activities of Capsicum frutescens and C. chinense genotypes. Biodiversitas 22: 3838-3843. Chili is a horticultural crop with potential as a functional food crop. This is because chili has beneficial biochemical parameters such as antioxidants, phenolics, flavonoids, and ?-glucosidase inhibitors. This study evaluated the biochemical parameters in twelve genotypes of two chili species (Capsicum frutescens and Capsicum chinense). Information from this research can be used as a reference in chili plant breeding activities which are directed as functional food plants. The method of measuring biochemical parameters using an ELISA reader with a modified method. Samples were measured with a microplate and repeated three times. The results that emerged from the ELISA reader were then converted with Microsoft Excel and analyzed using the R program. The results showed that the Capsicum chinense species (Habanero Fransisca) had the highest ?-glucosidase inhibitory activity (52.52%) compared to other genotypes of the Capsicum frutescens species. The highest TPC (19.42), TFC (2.51), and antioxidant FRAP (117.27) were shown by the pure line genotype F8 285290-290-2-2-4-4-1. The biochemical content of the chili genotypes tested was divided into three major groups. This grouping is not affected based on the species used. The correlation between antioxidants using the FRAP method with TFC (0.69) and TPC (0.83) is positive and significantly different. In conclusion, information on biochemical content can be used as a basis for developing genotypes, especially for the purposes of plant breeding activities in the future.

scholarly journals Зберігання селекційних форм маточних коренеплодів моркви посівної

2013 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
В. В. Хареба ◽  
О. В. Хареба ◽  
О. В. Позняк
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Carrot Seed ◽  
Quality Stock

Розглянуто модифікований спосіб зберігання ма-точних коренеплодів селекційних форм моркви посів-ної, в основі якого – скорочення втрат коренеплодів під час зимового зберігання та отримання чисто-сортного насіння заданих комбінацій у процесі селек-ційної роботи. Розглянутий модифікований спосіб зберігання маточних коренеплодів моркви посівної безпосередньо у полі перспективний для освоєння в науково-дослідних установах та насінницьких госпо-дарствах у зонах Північного Лісостепу та Полісся України. The modified method of storage of uterine root crops of plant-breeding forms of sowing carrot was considered; in its basis is reduction of root crops’ losses during winter storage and receipting of high-quality stock seed from the set combinations in the process of plant-breeding work. The considered modified method of storage of uterine carrot seed directly in the field is perspective for development in research institutions and seed farms in areas of the Northern Forest and Woodlands of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Eficiencia de uso de nutrientes en ají tabasco (Capsicum frutescens L.) y habanero (Capsicum chínense Jacq)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Del Pilar Romero-Lozada ◽  
Cristian Felipe Enciso Murillo ◽  
Sandra Marcela Sandra Marcela Garcia ◽  
Juan José Wagner Guerrero ◽  
Yina Jazbleidi Puentes-Páramo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Capsicum Chinense

<p>El manejo adecuado de la nutrición de un cultivo implica hacer un uso eficiente de los nutrientes. Por tanto, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la eficiencia agronómica (EA) y de recuperación del fertilizante (ERF) para nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio en ají habanero y ají tabasco y su influencia en el rendimiento. El diseño experimental consistió en bloques completos al azar con cuatro tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones.  Los tratamientos fueron T1: Testigo, T2: fertilización según el programa que maneja el Centro Experimental de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (CEUNP) para N-P-K, T3: programa de fertilización de CEUNP + 50% y el T4: programa de fertilización de CEUNP + 100%. Para ají tabasco (<em>C. frutescens </em>L<em>.</em>) y habanero (<em>C. chinense </em>J.) el análisis de varianza dio diferencias altamente significativas (p&lt;0,001) por efecto de los tratamientos tanto para la eficiencia agronómica (EA) como de recuperación del fertilizante (ERF). Los resultados muestran que los mayores valores de EA y ERF para N-P-K en tabasco  se presentaron en el tratamiento T4, y en habanero se presentaron en el tratamiento T3, excepto para la ERF de fósforo.  Así, estos permiten observar que ají tabasco presenta bajas eficiencias agronómicas y de recuperación de nutrientes con respecto al tipo habanero. Los mejores rendimientos de tabasco y habanero se presentan en el T4 y los menores en el T1, lo que sugiere una clara influencia del genotipo.</p>

scholarly journals Identification of Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Chile Pepper

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack E. McCoy ◽  
Paul W. Bosland
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Chile Pepper ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Chile Peppers ◽  
Capsicum Chacoense

Powdery mildew [Leveillula taurica (Lév.) Arn] is a fungus causing epidemics on chile peppers (Capsicum sp.) worldwide. It was first observed in New Mexico in the late 1990s and has been a reoccurring issue. During the 2017 growing season, environmental conditions were highly favorable for powdery mildew development and severe infection was observed. This provided a unique opportunity to identify novel sources of resistance in Capsicum to powdery mildew. In the present study, the incidence and severity of powdery mildew was evaluated for 152 chile pepper accessions comprising different cultivars and species. Major differences in disease severity and incidence were observed among the accessions. Of the 152 accessions, 53 were resistant, i.e., received a disease index (DI) score of ≤1. When examining across Capsicum species, 16 Capsicum annuum accessions, all 8 Capsicum baccatum, all 21 Capsicum chinense, 5 of 6 Capsicum frutescens, the Capsicum chacoense accession, and the Capsicum rhomboideum accession were resistant. These results provide several accessions with resistance that can be used in breeding programs. Especially important are the C. annuum resistant accessions, as this resistance can be more quickly incorporated into commercially important C. annuum cultivars as compared with interspecific hybridizations.

scholarly journals Variation of Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity in Some Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Populations from Romania

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2557
Author(s):  
Sorin Ciulca ◽  
Gheorghe Roma ◽  
Ersilia Alexa ◽  
Isidora Radulov ◽  
Ileana Cocan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtillus ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Total Polyphenol Content ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging Assay ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtillus L ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties

Fruits of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) are valued mainly for their nutraceutical properties, and are among the fruits with the highest antioxidant activity due to their high content of phenolic compounds. The aim of this research was to assess the total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of fruits in six wild bilberry populations from two regions of Romania over three years. The total polyphenol content was determined according to the Folin–Ciocalteu modified method, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay. The Padis and Raul Lung populations registered the highest values of polyphenol content and antioxidant activity, as such the fruits of these bilberry populations could be considered potential sources of antioxidants for direct consumption or for use as ingredients for food products or food supplements. Significant variation of total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity was observed both between populations from the same region and from different regions. The low level of broad sense heritability for total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity associated with the high effects of year, and population–year interaction indicates that the accumulation of polyphenols in bilberry fruits is influenced by changes in environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Sensory Analyses and Nutritional Qualities of Wheat Population Varieties Developed by Participatory Breeding

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2117
Author(s):  
Camille Vindras-Fouillet ◽  
Isabelle Goldringer ◽  
Gaëlle van Frank ◽  
Marc Dewalque ◽  
Axel Colin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Participatory Breeding

Wheat is a staple food in many diets and is currently cultivated worldwide. It provides a large proportion of the daily energy intake and contributes to food balance. Changes in agro-industrial practices in the bread sector, from the field to bread-making, have led to an increase in chronic diseases and nutritional deficits, emphasizing the link between food and health. Several levers could be used to improve the nutritional quality of bread wheat. Organic farming, by avoiding the use of pesticides, might allow for greater consumption of wholegrain products. Breeding wheat cultivars with an enhanced mineral content may serve as another lever. In this context, the on-farm participatory plant-breeding of highly diversified varieties could provide promising resources. This study investigated the sensory and nutritional quality of nine population varieties resulting from a ten-year participatory plant-breeding process compared to two commercial pure-line varieties. Analysis of variance showed genotype effects for Mg and Zn concentration, so breeding for a high Mg and Zn concentration can reasonably be envisaged. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between plant height, peduncle height (distance between the Last Leaf and Spike (LLSD)) and nutrient content. Finally, as population varieties express more differences in their profile when grown in less fertile soils, these results emphasize the benefits of genetic diversity for diverse nutritional intake and sensory properties.

scholarly journals ‘Bhut Jolokia’—The World's Hottest Known Chile Pepper is a Putative Naturally Occurring Interspecific Hybrid

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Bosland ◽  
Jit B. Baral
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Chile Pepper ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Bhut Jolokia

In replicated trials at Las Cruces, N.M., the Scoville heat units (SHUs) of ‘Bhut Jolokia’, a chile pepper from Assam, India, reached one million SHUs. Morphologic characters revealed that ‘Bhut Jolokia’ is a Capsicum chinense Jacq. cultivar. Molecular analysis with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers confirmed the species identification and, interestingly, revealed that there may have been genetic introgression from Capsicum frutescens L. into ‘Bhut Jolokia’.

scholarly journals A Metabolic Perspective and Opportunities in Pharmacologically Important Safflower

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimalraj Mani ◽  
Seon-Kyeong Lee ◽  
Yunsoo Yeo ◽  
Bum-Soo Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) has long been grown as a crop due to its commercial utility as oil, animal feed, and pharmacologically significant secondary metabolites. The integration of omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics datasets, has provided more comprehensive knowledge of the chemical composition of crop plants for multiple applications. Knowledge of a metabolome of plant is crucial to optimize the evolution of crop traits, improve crop yields and quality, and ensure nutritional and health factors that provide the opportunity to produce functional food or feedstuffs. Safflower contains numerous chemical components that possess many pharmacological activities including central nervous, cardiac, vascular, anticoagulant, reproductive, gastrointestinal, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and metabolic activities, providing many other human health benefits. In addition to classical metabolite studies, this review focuses on several metabolite-based working techniques and updates to provide a summary of the current medical applications of safflower.

Leafy vegetables and spicy flavoring plants, biofortified with selenium in production of functional spices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Kharchenko ◽  
◽  
Z.A. Amagova ◽  
M.S. Antoshkina ◽  
A.A. Koshevarov
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Selenium Accumulation

Biochemical parameters and levels of selenium accumulation in selenium biofortified and non-fortified dill, parsley, chervil, celery, A.ursinum, A.scheoprasum and A.sativum were determined. Prospects of selenium biofortified vegetables for production of functional food products are discussed.

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