scholarly journals Allelopathic activity of Dendrophthoe pentandra as a potential bioherbicide to inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of Eleusine indica

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutfan Alharits ◽  
Niarsi Merry Hemelda ◽  
Yasman ◽  
Windri Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Germination And Growth

Abstract. Alharits L, Hemelda NM, Yasman, Handayani W. 2020. Allelopathic activity of Dendrophthoe pentandra as a potential bioherbicide to inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of Eleusine indica. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 33-39. Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. is a common parasitic plant in Southeast Asia. As a parasitic plant, it exhibits phytochemicals important for infecting its host, which may be potential as bioherbicide. This study was aimed to evaluate allelopathic activity of D. pentandra (stem and leaf extracts) to control Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. seed germination and growth. Methanolic extracts of D. pentandra stem and leaf (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg/mL in water) were treated on E. indica seeds in a petri dish for 10 days. After 10 days, germination of treated E. indica seeds was significantly reduced and reached >80% inhibition at 5 mg/mL. Moreover, E. indica roots were more sensitive compared to E. indica shoots, indicated by root inhibition >50% at 1 mg/mL and reached >90% inhibition at 5 mg/mL. Leaf extract presented stronger inhibition than stem extract, but not significant. It may be related to the higher accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in leaf extract than in stem extract. This is the first report of allelopathic activity in D. pentandra to inhibit E. indica germination and growth. Therefore, further study in a greenhouse, as well as metabolism effects of D. pentandra on the target weeds are important to provide comprehensive evaluation of D. pentandra potential as bioherbicide.

Allelopathic Effects of Lantana (Lantana camara) on Milkweedvine (Morrenia odorata)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagi Reddy Achhireddy ◽  
Megh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Germination And Growth

Allelopathic effects of lantana (Lantana camaraL. ♯3LANCA) residues (root, shoot), foliar leachates, and the soil (where lantana was grown) on milkweedvine (Morrenia odorataLindl. ♯3MONOD) seed germination and growth over a 30-day period were examined. Foliar leachates or the soil collected from the field where lantana had been growing had no effect on the final germination percentage or the seedling growth of milkweedvine. Incorporation of dried lantana shoot or root material into soil had no effect on the final percentage germination but caused significant reductions in milkweedvine growth over a 30-day test period. Roots were more inhibitory than shoots. Fifty percent of milkweedvine seedlings died within 15 days after germination at 1% (w/w) dried lantana root incorporation into the soil, and higher concentrations increased seedling death. Lantana roots incorporated into the soil produced foliar symptoms such as wilting and desiccation, whereas lantana shoots incorporated into the soil produced yellowing of the foliage of milkweedvine. Allelopathic activity of lantana residues was still strong even after decomposition of lantana residues for 4 weeks prior to the planting of milkweedvine seeds.

scholarly journals Comparative Allelopathic Effects of Two Weed Extracts on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. and Abelmoschus esculentus L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
Sanchita Bhattacharya ◽  
Shibani Namasudra ◽  
Sanjit Debnath ◽  
Ajay Krishna Saha
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Pot Culture

Pot culture experiment and Petri dish bioassay were conducted to assess the allelopathic potential of Cyanthillium cinereum and Lantana camara on seed germination and seedling growth of Vigna unguiculata and Abelmoschus esculentus. Aqueous leaf and stem extracts of weed were used for treatment. The differential inhibitory effect was observed for two weed plants on two tested crops. The experimental results revealed that in case of pot culture experiment, lowest germination percentages (40.8±0.49%, 63.6±0.60% and 83±0.78%) were recorded in L. camara leaf extract treated set of A. esculentus and maximum decrease in seedling length (0.31±0.05 cm, 4.18±0.07 cm, 6.42±0.08 cm and 13.51±0.07 cm) was observed in stem extract treated a set of A. esculentus. L. camara stem and leaf extract induced a more negative effect on seedling length in both A. esculentus and V. unguiculata. For petridish bioassay experiment, lowest germination percentages (54.60±0.40%, 59.20±0.49%, 66.20±0.74% and 69.80±0.38%) were observed in L. camara leaf extract treated a set of A. esculentus. In V. unguiculata, lowest germination percentage (45.8±0.49%, 75.4±0. 40%, 84.4±0.25% and 89±0.32%) was observed in stem extract treated set. Maximum suppressive effect on seedling length was recorded for stem and leaf extract of C. cinereum of A. esculentus and leaf extract of L. camara and stem extract of C. cinereum of V. unguiculata.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Interference of Ageratum conyzoides L. against Rice Varieties

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Bhawna Negi ◽  
S.S Bargali ◽  
Kiran Bargali ◽  
Kavita Khatri
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Seedling Length

Ageratum conyzoides L. is an invasive weed that has severely infested cultivated lands and interferes with the growth of crops. In this study aqueous extracts of 50 and 100% concentration were prepared from fresh and air dried plant parts (Leaves and roots) of A. conyzoides and their allelopathic effect was observed on seed germination and seedling growth of two rice varieties namely Sava and Geru. In Sava variety, a significant reduction in seed germination, seedling length and dry weight was recorded under dry leaf extract while under fresh leaf extract seed germination and seedling length was increased at 50% concentration as compared to control. In Geru variety both fresh and dry leaf extracts resulted in decreased seed germination and seedling growth with increasing concentration. Similar patterns were recorded for fresh and dry root extracts. The inhibitory effect of leaf extracts was more pronounced than root extract and overall dry aqueous extracts of leaf and root were more inhibitory than fresh aqueous extracts. Among varieties, Sava was least affected as compared to the Geru. This study indicated that A. conyzoides exert allelopathic effect towards rice crop by releasing water soluble phytochemicals.

Allelopathic Potency and an Active Substance from Hairy Vetch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihong Sun ◽  
Guofeng Yang ◽  
Lili Cong ◽  
Juan Sun ◽  
Lichao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Background: Plant allelopathy refers to the release of chemicals from plants or microorganisms into the environment, may have direct or indirect, beneficial or harmful effects on other plants or microorganisms. When plants grow in an unfavorable environment,more allelochemicals will be secreted and the expression of allelopathic effects will increase, giving plants a certain competitive advantage. Hairy vetch is one of the most promising allelopathic crops and the aqueous extract of hairy vetch has an inhibitory effect on the root length and seedling height of grass crops. The current study aimed to study the allelopathic effect of hairy vetch on alfalfa, and exploring an ecological method to remove the root system of alfalfa.Methods: In this experiment, the allelopathic effects of the seeds, stems and leaves, roots extracts and root exudates (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mg·mL-1) on the seed germination and seedling growth of alfalfa were evaluated. And the main allelopathic substances from the stem and leaf extract were isolated and identified using high performance liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).Result: The results showed that all of the extracts can inhibit alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth and stem and leaf extract had the strongest inhibitory effect, especially for inhibiting the root growth. A main allelochemical substance, o-coumaric acid, was screened out and the root length of alfalfa was completely inhibited at 1.6 mg·mL-1 of o-coumaric acid. The findings of these experiments show hairy vetch has strong allelopathic effect on alfalfa and o-coumaric acid is a chemical growth inhibitor.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts for Suppressing Bipolaris sorokiniana in Wheat Seed

2010 ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Rokshana Panna ◽  
FM Aminuzzaman ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
MHM Borhannuddin Bhuyan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Seed Pathology ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Black Cumin Seed

Studies were conducted in the Seed Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University to evaluate some indigenous plant extracts on the incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana of wheat and seed germination. Seed treated with plant extracts reduced the incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana. The lowest incidence was counted (12.33%) in seeds treated with Burmuda grass extracts (1:2W/V). While the highest seed germination (99.60%) was recorded in seeds treated with this grass extract followed by 99.33% germination in seeds treated with Neem leaf extract (1:2W/V), 98.00% with nut sedge grass rhizome extract (1:2 W/V), 87.67% with Allamanda leaf extract (1:2W/V). Comparatively the lowest incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana (14.00%) was observed in seeds treated with Neem leaf extracts (1:2W/V) followed by 14.50% in seeds treated with Nut sedge grass rhizome extracts (1:2W/V), Black cumin seed extracts (15.20%) and Allamanda leaf extract (24.00%).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of Stem and Leaf Extracts of Himalayan Tinospora cordifolia Hook.f. & Thomson

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Geetanjali Upadhyay ◽  
Lalit M. Tewari ◽  
Geeta Tewari ◽  
Neha Chopra ◽  
Naveen C. Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
The Family ◽  
Stem Extract

Background: Medicinal plants are considered a rich source of ingredients, which can be used in drug development and synthesis. Tinospora cordifolia (Wild.) Hook.f. & Thomson, commonly known as guduchi, heart-leaved moonseed and giloya is a herbaceous vine of the family Menispermaceae, has several beneficial properties including antioxidant activity. Aim: The present study was carried out to analyze the antioxidant activity of leaf and stem extracts of Tinospora cordifolia by using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2´-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) free radical scavenging assays. Materials and Methods: Dried and powdered leaves and stem of T. cordifolia were extracted with methanol. Ascorbic acid was taken as standard. Total phenolic content was estimated by using Folin-ciocalteu's reagent while total flavonoid content by aluminium chloride reagent to find the correlation of polyphenols with antioxidant activity. ABTS assay of methanolic leaf and stem extracts showed the highest scavenging activity as compared to the DPPH assay. Results: Methanolic stem extract showed higher phenolic and flavonoid content along with antioxidant activity as compared to the methanolic leaf extract. Conclusion: The stem extract exhibited more antioxidant activity than the leaf extract with regards to the all parameters analyzed.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Interactions of Parthenium hysterophorous with Kidney Bean, Phaseolus vulgaris

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
H. M. Tsingalia ◽  
J. M. Auma
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Allelopathy, an important mechanism in invasive species stems from the lack of coevolved tolerance of indigenous species to novel chemicals released by the invader species. These chemicals are key to successful invasive of species of natural plant communities and ecosystems. This study analyzed the allelopathic effects of the invasive plant, Parthenium hysterophorous on the growth of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). One hundred and fifty viable kidney bean seeds were washed in distilled water, and transferred in triplicates to pots with wet sterile sand. Ten grams of freshly collected Parthenium leaves and roots were weighed, grounded separately using a mortar and a pestle, mixed with 100 ml of distilled water in a beaker and left for 24 hours in a dark at a room temperature (250C). The aqueous extract filtrates were used in experimental treatments. While untreated (control) seeds germinated on day 4 seeds treated with leaf extract germinated on day 14 and day 9 for the root extract. Leaf extract inhibited germination and sprouting of new leaves more effectively than root extract. Leaves in control seeds appeared on day 1 after germination. In treated seeds, leaves appeared on the 4th day then stagnated until day 15 when more leaves sprouted. Root extract significantly depressed seed germination. The number of new leaves increased significantly in control seedlings compared to the treated ones. Combined root and leaf extracts highly significantly inhibited of seed germination and the number of new leaves. Additionally, combined treatment with root and leaf extracts significantly inhibited shoot growth, and the increase in leaf length and width. A comparison of the effectiveness of the root and leaf extracts showed that leaf extract was more effective in inhibiting shoot growth and leaf width than the root extract.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of Rhynchosia capitata on germination and seedling growth of mungbean

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H. Ali ◽  
A. Tanveer ◽  
M.A. Nadeem ◽  
M.M. Javaid ◽  
M.S. Kashif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Vigour Index

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic influence of Rhynchosia capitata on germination and seedling growth of mungbean (Vigna radiate) along with identification of the phytotoxic substances responsible for this activity. Water extracts of root, shoot, leaf, fruit and whole plant were prepared by soaking them in water in a ratio of 1:20 (w/v) for 24 h. All the extracts affected germination and seedling growth of mungbean, but higher inhibition was seen with R. capitata leaf water extracts. A linear decrease in the germination characteristics of mungbean was observed with the decrease in the concentration of leaf extract from 5% to 1%. The soil-incorporated residues (1-4% w/w) of R. capitata stimulated the growth of root and hypocotyl at low concentrations, while it inhibited their growth at higher concentrations. Rhynchosia capitata soil-incorporated residues (4% w/w) significantly reduced the seedling vigour index of mungbean in addition to their significant effect on total germination. A significant amount of water-soluble phenolic acids were found in R. capitata plant extracts. The content of total phenolic acids was higher in the leaf extract compared to that of the stem, fruit or root extracts. Two phenolic acids including vanillic acid and 4‑(hydroxymethyl) benzoic acid were found in R. capitata leaf extracts.

Light, ash, and pH effects on the germination and seedling growth of Typha latifolia (cattail)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2783-2787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Rivard ◽  
Paul M. Woodard
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Plant

Fire is a natural process that opens Typha latifolia L. stands by removing aboveground biomass, but little is known about how ash resulting from marsh burning affects Typha seed germination. We measured the response of T. latifolia seed to simulated pre- and post-fire effects under laboratory conditions and tested seed collected in spring for the effect of ash on seed germination and seedling morphology. Seeds were soaked for 7 days in aqueous solutions of leaf extracts, ash additions, and various pH solutions in light and dark treatments at 25 °C in vitro. In light, seed germination did not vary significantly (P < 0.01, Tukey's honestly significant difference test) among solution treatments. In darkness, seed germination was inhibited mostly by green leaf extract and yielded only 15% germination. Addition of ash to green leaf extract resulted in a germination of 40%. Solutions with pH of 4.0, 7.0, and 12.0 had no signifcant effect on germination or total plant lengths, regardless of the light treatment. Root to total plant lengths were decreased by dark treatments but not by pH. Root development was strongly inhibited by green leaf extract even with ash. Shoot growth continued with no apparent root development only in these two solutions. Three implications for marsh management of T. latifolia are proposed.

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