Light, ash, and pH effects on the germination and seedling growth of Typha latifolia (cattail)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2783-2787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Rivard ◽  
Paul M. Woodard
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Plant

Fire is a natural process that opens Typha latifolia L. stands by removing aboveground biomass, but little is known about how ash resulting from marsh burning affects Typha seed germination. We measured the response of T. latifolia seed to simulated pre- and post-fire effects under laboratory conditions and tested seed collected in spring for the effect of ash on seed germination and seedling morphology. Seeds were soaked for 7 days in aqueous solutions of leaf extracts, ash additions, and various pH solutions in light and dark treatments at 25 °C in vitro. In light, seed germination did not vary significantly (P < 0.01, Tukey's honestly significant difference test) among solution treatments. In darkness, seed germination was inhibited mostly by green leaf extract and yielded only 15% germination. Addition of ash to green leaf extract resulted in a germination of 40%. Solutions with pH of 4.0, 7.0, and 12.0 had no signifcant effect on germination or total plant lengths, regardless of the light treatment. Root to total plant lengths were decreased by dark treatments but not by pH. Root development was strongly inhibited by green leaf extract even with ash. Shoot growth continued with no apparent root development only in these two solutions. Three implications for marsh management of T. latifolia are proposed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts for Suppressing Bipolaris sorokiniana in Wheat Seed

2010 ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Rokshana Panna ◽  
FM Aminuzzaman ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
MHM Borhannuddin Bhuyan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Seed Pathology ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Black Cumin Seed

Studies were conducted in the Seed Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University to evaluate some indigenous plant extracts on the incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana of wheat and seed germination. Seed treated with plant extracts reduced the incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana. The lowest incidence was counted (12.33%) in seeds treated with Burmuda grass extracts (1:2W/V). While the highest seed germination (99.60%) was recorded in seeds treated with this grass extract followed by 99.33% germination in seeds treated with Neem leaf extract (1:2W/V), 98.00% with nut sedge grass rhizome extract (1:2 W/V), 87.67% with Allamanda leaf extract (1:2W/V). Comparatively the lowest incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana (14.00%) was observed in seeds treated with Neem leaf extracts (1:2W/V) followed by 14.50% in seeds treated with Nut sedge grass rhizome extracts (1:2W/V), Black cumin seed extracts (15.20%) and Allamanda leaf extract (24.00%).

scholarly journals Allelopathic Interactions of Parthenium hysterophorous with Kidney Bean, Phaseolus vulgaris

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
H. M. Tsingalia ◽  
J. M. Auma
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Allelopathy, an important mechanism in invasive species stems from the lack of coevolved tolerance of indigenous species to novel chemicals released by the invader species. These chemicals are key to successful invasive of species of natural plant communities and ecosystems. This study analyzed the allelopathic effects of the invasive plant, Parthenium hysterophorous on the growth of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). One hundred and fifty viable kidney bean seeds were washed in distilled water, and transferred in triplicates to pots with wet sterile sand. Ten grams of freshly collected Parthenium leaves and roots were weighed, grounded separately using a mortar and a pestle, mixed with 100 ml of distilled water in a beaker and left for 24 hours in a dark at a room temperature (250C). The aqueous extract filtrates were used in experimental treatments. While untreated (control) seeds germinated on day 4 seeds treated with leaf extract germinated on day 14 and day 9 for the root extract. Leaf extract inhibited germination and sprouting of new leaves more effectively than root extract. Leaves in control seeds appeared on day 1 after germination. In treated seeds, leaves appeared on the 4th day then stagnated until day 15 when more leaves sprouted. Root extract significantly depressed seed germination. The number of new leaves increased significantly in control seedlings compared to the treated ones. Combined root and leaf extracts highly significantly inhibited of seed germination and the number of new leaves. Additionally, combined treatment with root and leaf extracts significantly inhibited shoot growth, and the increase in leaf length and width. A comparison of the effectiveness of the root and leaf extracts showed that leaf extract was more effective in inhibiting shoot growth and leaf width than the root extract.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts on The Growth and Yield of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon)

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Zannah Kyari ◽  
Ahmed Bunu ◽  
Idris Dauda ◽  
Ibrahim Baba Shehu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Significant Difference

The experiment was conducted at the Department of Agricultural Technology Research and Teaching Farm in Ramat Polytechnic Maiduguri to determine the effect of Moringa olifera leaf extract on the growth and yield of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in the semi-arid environment of Maiduguri, Borno State. Parameters measure include, leaf number, plant height, number of fruit and weight of fruits. The result obtained shows that there was significant difference in plant height per plant among the treatment at 4 and 8 WAT, while number of plant leaves per plant was recorded highest in Treatment three (T3) between other treatment. This study suggests the application of Moringa olifera leaf extract at critical growth stages for better growth and yield of performance of tomatoes production in Maiduguri is the best as it gives highest yield and highly profitable when compared to other source of plant extract.

scholarly journals Evaluation of qualitative phytochemicals and antifungal activity of aqueous leaf extract of Senna tora on downy mildew of cabbage

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
S.M. Zakari ◽  
A.A. Aliko ◽  
H Haruna ◽  
A Muazu
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

This study was embarked upon to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous extracts of Senna tora leaf against Perenospora parasitica, causing downy mildew on cabbage. Phytochemical analysis of the leaf extracts revealed the presence of some secondary metabolites (Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoid, Glycosides, Alkaloids, Phenolic compounds and Carbohydrates) which have been reported to have antimicrobial effects. Assays were performed using extract concentrations of 1000, 500, 250, 125 mg/ml by agar well diffusion technique. Results obtained, revealed a significant difference in diameter of mycelial zone of inhibition between the concentrations. Highest zone of inhibition was recorded at 1000 and 500 mg/ml (20 and 15 mm) respectively. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined and recorded at 250 mg/ml. The antifungal screening revealed that the extract exhibited inhibitory activities at varying concentrations against the downy mildew pathogen. These activities observed could be attributed to the presence of active metabolites contained in the extract.Keywords: Aqueous leaf extract, Downy mildew, Perenospora parasitica and Senna tora

scholarly journals The Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca (l.) Del Plant on Some Selected Clinical Human Pathogens

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
G. C. Ezemokwe ◽  
J. C. Aguiyi ◽  
F. P. Chollom
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

The antibacterial activity of the leaf extract of Balanites aegyptiaca plant was investigated on five selected clinical common human pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella dysentriae and Escherichia coli, in vitro. The phytochemical screening, susceptibility testing and Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations were determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaf extracts indicated the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, glycosides, resins, saponins, steroids, tannins, and carbohydrates in varying concentrations. Ethanolic leaf extract was more effective. The extracts inhibited the growth of isolates with increasing concentrations, ranging from 8-12 mm zones of inhibitions, showing the susceptibility of the test organisms. S. dysentriae had the highest susceptibility for both extracts with 12 mm and 13 mm zones of inhibition for aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively at the highest concentration of 400 mg/ml. S. aureus showed the least susceptibility with 8 mm for aqueous extract while S. typhimurium showed the least susceptibility for the ethanolic extract with 9mm zones of inhibition. The analysis of variance results on zones of inhibition revealed a significant difference for both extract treatments, concentrations, and interactions between the treatments and concentrations. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations determined from the corresponding concentration-response curves showed that S. dysentriae had the least value of 79.433 mg/ml while the aqueous extracts against S. aureus and S. typhimurium were the largest with 125.893 mg/ml value. The activity index and activity were also deduced to measure activity. The antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of B. aegyptiaca on bacteria of the tested isolates have been established in this study and justify the claims by the traditional healers in its use to treat infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Young and Old Sugar Apple (Annona squamosa Linn) Leaf Extracts As an Aedes aegypti Larva Insecticide

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Khair ◽  
Noraida Noraida
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vector Borne

Vector-borne diseases are still a health problem in some tropical countries. One vector-borne disease is Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). DHF never decreases and even tends to continue to increase, and many cause deaths in children, 90% of them attack children under 15 years. DHF cases in 2018 amounted to 65,602 cases, with 467 deaths (CFR = 0.71%). The behavior of holding water in various places such as tubs and tendons indirectly creates a breeding place for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The use of chemicals as insecticides can cause the death of non-target animals, environmental pollution, and the occurrence of vector resistance to insecticides. Therefore it is necessary to do other methods including the use of vegetable insecticides. Sugar apple leaves can be used to kill Aedes aegypti larvae. Sugar apple leaves will obtain throughout the year. The purpose of this study is to know the ability of young and old sugar apple leaves to kill Aedes aegypti larvae. This type of research is a posttest only control group design. The study sample was part of the Aedes aegypti larvae on the final instar III. The experiment to kill Aedes aegypti larvae use two types of sugar apple leaf extract, namely young and old sugar apple leaves with nine treatments four replications. Each treatment consisted of 25 larvae. The research results show There was no significant difference in the number of dead larvae using either extracts from young sugar apple leaves or old sugar apple leaves. LC90 of sugar apple leaf extract was between 0.05632 to 0.08324% and the effective residual age at LC90 (0.06568%) with the death of Aedes aegypti larvae was 92% over 24 hours (1 day).

scholarly journals Studies on Allelopathic Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Putranjiva Roxburghii Wall. on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyajit Oraon ◽  
Subrata Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Putranjiva Roxburghii

The present study reveals the allelopathic effect of aqueous leaf extracts of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. on seed germination and early growth stages of an economically important plant chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Aqueous leaf extracts at 0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 35, 50, 75 and 100% concentrations were applied to determine their effect on seed germination and early growth stages under laboratory conditions. Laboratory-based experiments with three replicates were used to arrange treatments accordingly. After 5 days of incubation the rate of seed germination, radicle length and hypocotyls length etc. of chickpea seeds were observed after treatment with aqueous leaf extracts. Highest inhibitory effect was noticed in 100% of aqueous leaf extract. Results indicated that the inhibitory effect was proportional to the concentration of the extracts. The water soluble leaf extracts contain allelochemicals, which inhibit the seed germination and reduced the early growth of chickpea.

scholarly journals In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Hibiscus Asper Hook. F. and Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. on some Pathogenic Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Joseph Olowo Arogbodo ◽  
Oyetayo Bolanle Faluyi ◽  
Festus Omotere Igbe
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Purpose: The study aims to assess the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic leaf extracts of Hibiscus asper and Hibiscus sabdariffa against eight bacterial isolates. Materials and Methods:  An in vitro Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of the two plants against eight nosocomical and pathogenic bacteria viz; Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE), Proteus vulgaris (PVU), Klebsiella aerogenes (KAE), Staphylococcus aureus (SAU), Bacillus cereus (BCE), Escherichia coli (ECO), Moraxella catarrhalis (MCA) and Salmonella typhi (STY) was carried out using agar well diffusion assay with the concentration range of 3.13 – 100 mg/mL. Results: H. asper and H. sabdariffa showed significant difference (p< 0.05) in antimicrobial activity against BCE over the rest of the isolates. Inhibition zone diameters exhibited by the isolates to ethanolic leaf extract of H. asper was in descending order of BCE (15.00 ± 1.00a) >ECO (11.67 ± 0.58b) >SAU (7.67 ± 0.58c) >PAE (6.67 ± 0.58d) >STY (5.67 ± 0.58e) while that of H. sabdariffa was in the order BCE (15.33 ± 1.15a) > MCA (11.33 ± 1.15b) > SAU (11.00 ± 1.00bc) > KAE (9.67 ± 0.58c) > PAE (8.00 ± 1.00d) >PVU (7.67 ± 0.57e). PVU, KAE and MCA were resistant to the extract of H. asper while only STY was resistant to that of H. sabdariffa. Conclusion: H. sabdariffa extract demonstrated higher antimicrobial activity against the selected bacterial isolates than H. asper. However, the two extracts minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) ranged from 25 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL. This is worthy of further exploration by pharmacological industries in the formulation of potent broad spectrum antibiotics for combating the present health challenge due to antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Sclerocarya birrea and Azadirachta indica extracts against maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motchulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in storage

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342
Author(s):  
SA Babarinde ◽  
MO Petinrin ◽  
AD Adeleye ◽  
BS Ajani
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea ◽  
Significant Difference

Toxicity of Sclerocarya birrea A. Rich. (Anacardiaceae) leaf and bark and Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) leaf extracts against Sitophilus zeamais Motchulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was evaluated under the laboratory conditions (77±4% relative humidity and 27±3°C temperature). When extracted doses were compared, mortality was dose- and exposure period-dependent. At 1 DAT, A. indica leaf extract had significantly (p<0.05) higher mortality (12.50-15.00%) than that of S. birrea bark extract (5.00-15.50%). However at 5 DAT, when 0.45 ml/33 cm2 was applied, mortality was not significantly (p>0.05) different and ranged from 91.25 to 97.5% for all the botanicals. When the extracting solvents were compared, mortality was exposure period-dependent with highest percentage mortality (99.17%) recorded at 5 DAT in S. birrea petroleum ether leaf extract, which was significantly higher than that of mortality observed in filter paper treated with the petroleum ether extracts of other botanicals. However, there was no significant difference in the effect of the two studied solvents. The results highlight the insecticidal potentials of the selected Nigerian-grown botanicals against maize weevil and recommend them as component of weevil Integrated Pest Management, in the areas where the botanicals are abundant.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(4), 337-342, 2017

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Activity of Methanol Leaf Extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica Juss) Against Suppressor and Proinflammatory Molecules

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Supriyanto Supriyanto ◽  
◽  
Simon Widjanarko ◽  
Muhaimin Rifa'i ◽  
Yunianta Yunianta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

Neem plant is rich in bioactive constituents, which make it massively discussed the treatment of various diseases. A study on the immunomodulatory activities of neem is given here. This current work aimed to investigate the effects of neem leaf extract on immunocompetent cells. In vivo experiment was carried out using mice (Mus musculus) Â induced with DMBA, comprising positive control, negative control, and treatments of neem leaf extracts (250, 500, and 1000 ppm). Data obtained from flow cytometric analysis were evaluated using BD Cellquest ProTM software, then statistically analyzed in SPSS version 21. Parametric analysis in one-way ANOVA was performed at a significance level of 5%. The significant difference was compared in the Duncan test. The results showed that administration of neem leaf extracts significantly affected the expression of CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, CD62L, IL-10, and IL-17 cells .Neem leaf extract has immunomodulatory activities by increasing pressure molecules and decreasing pro-inflammatory molecules

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