scholarly journals Allelopathic Interactions of Parthenium hysterophorous with Kidney Bean, Phaseolus vulgaris

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
H. M. Tsingalia ◽  
J. M. Auma
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Allelopathy, an important mechanism in invasive species stems from the lack of coevolved tolerance of indigenous species to novel chemicals released by the invader species. These chemicals are key to successful invasive of species of natural plant communities and ecosystems. This study analyzed the allelopathic effects of the invasive plant, Parthenium hysterophorous on the growth of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). One hundred and fifty viable kidney bean seeds were washed in distilled water, and transferred in triplicates to pots with wet sterile sand. Ten grams of freshly collected Parthenium leaves and roots were weighed, grounded separately using a mortar and a pestle, mixed with 100 ml of distilled water in a beaker and left for 24 hours in a dark at a room temperature (250C). The aqueous extract filtrates were used in experimental treatments. While untreated (control) seeds germinated on day 4 seeds treated with leaf extract germinated on day 14 and day 9 for the root extract. Leaf extract inhibited germination and sprouting of new leaves more effectively than root extract. Leaves in control seeds appeared on day 1 after germination. In treated seeds, leaves appeared on the 4th day then stagnated until day 15 when more leaves sprouted. Root extract significantly depressed seed germination. The number of new leaves increased significantly in control seedlings compared to the treated ones. Combined root and leaf extracts highly significantly inhibited of seed germination and the number of new leaves. Additionally, combined treatment with root and leaf extracts significantly inhibited shoot growth, and the increase in leaf length and width. A comparison of the effectiveness of the root and leaf extracts showed that leaf extract was more effective in inhibiting shoot growth and leaf width than the root extract.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts for Suppressing Bipolaris sorokiniana in Wheat Seed

2010 ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Rokshana Panna ◽  
FM Aminuzzaman ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
MHM Borhannuddin Bhuyan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Seed Pathology ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Black Cumin Seed

Studies were conducted in the Seed Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University to evaluate some indigenous plant extracts on the incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana of wheat and seed germination. Seed treated with plant extracts reduced the incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana. The lowest incidence was counted (12.33%) in seeds treated with Burmuda grass extracts (1:2W/V). While the highest seed germination (99.60%) was recorded in seeds treated with this grass extract followed by 99.33% germination in seeds treated with Neem leaf extract (1:2W/V), 98.00% with nut sedge grass rhizome extract (1:2 W/V), 87.67% with Allamanda leaf extract (1:2W/V). Comparatively the lowest incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana (14.00%) was observed in seeds treated with Neem leaf extracts (1:2W/V) followed by 14.50% in seeds treated with Nut sedge grass rhizome extracts (1:2W/V), Black cumin seed extracts (15.20%) and Allamanda leaf extract (24.00%).

scholarly journals Antimicrobial of nyirih (Xylocarpus granatum) against pathogens of tiger shrimp post-larvae

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Saptiani ◽  
A. Syafei Sidik ◽  
Fikri Ardhani
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Xylocarpus Granatum ◽  
Tiger Shrimp ◽  
Negative Controls

Background: Xylocarpus granatum has been used as a medicinal plant by coastal communities, which may indicate that this plant is a potential source of pharmaceuticals. Methods: Xylocarpus granatum leaf extract was tested as an antimicrobial agent for pathogens infecting tiger shrimp post-larvae. Of the treatments applied to the post-larvae, 25 were crudely extracted with ethanol, distilled water, and seawater solvent given by immersion. Vibrio harveyi and Saprolegnia sp. were microbial species used for the test. Results: X. granatum extract had the potential to inhibit V. harveyi and Saprolegnia sp., reducing infection and improving the survival of shrimp. Shrimp soaked with X. granatum extract had a total Vibrio count ranging from 14.67x103 to 22.67x103 CFU/ml. The survival rate of shrimp was recorded as 53.33% to 78.67% and 54.67% to 76.00% due to V. harveyi, and Saprolegnia sp infection, respectively. The relative percentage of the survival of shrimp protected from V. harveyi and Saprolegnia sp infection in treatments compared to negative controls ranged from 40.61% to 72.89% and 35.84% to 66.12%, respectively. Conclusions: Leaf extracts of X. granatum, which might have better antimicrobial activities to prevent tiger shrimp from pathogenetic infection, were consecutively extracted ethanol at 800-1,000 ppm, distilled water at 800-1,000 ppm, and seawater at 1,000 ppm.

Light, ash, and pH effects on the germination and seedling growth of Typha latifolia (cattail)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2783-2787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Rivard ◽  
Paul M. Woodard
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Plant

Fire is a natural process that opens Typha latifolia L. stands by removing aboveground biomass, but little is known about how ash resulting from marsh burning affects Typha seed germination. We measured the response of T. latifolia seed to simulated pre- and post-fire effects under laboratory conditions and tested seed collected in spring for the effect of ash on seed germination and seedling morphology. Seeds were soaked for 7 days in aqueous solutions of leaf extracts, ash additions, and various pH solutions in light and dark treatments at 25 °C in vitro. In light, seed germination did not vary significantly (P < 0.01, Tukey's honestly significant difference test) among solution treatments. In darkness, seed germination was inhibited mostly by green leaf extract and yielded only 15% germination. Addition of ash to green leaf extract resulted in a germination of 40%. Solutions with pH of 4.0, 7.0, and 12.0 had no signifcant effect on germination or total plant lengths, regardless of the light treatment. Root to total plant lengths were decreased by dark treatments but not by pH. Root development was strongly inhibited by green leaf extract even with ash. Shoot growth continued with no apparent root development only in these two solutions. Three implications for marsh management of T. latifolia are proposed.

Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Parthenium hysterophorus L. on the Germination and Shoot Growth of Two Native Species

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4348-4351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Hu ◽  
Zhong Hua Zhang ◽  
Bao Qing Hu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Plantago Asiatica ◽  
The Impact

In order to evaluate the allelopathic potential of an exotic invasive weed,Parthenium hysterophorusL., the effect of different concentrations of aqueous extracts (5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) prepared from leaves ofP. hysterophoruswere studied on the seed germination and seedling shoot growth of two common native herbs,Plantago asiaticaL. andYoungia japonica(L.) DC., through laboratory bioassays. The aqueous leaf extracts at the concentrations of 25%, 75% and 100% significantly inhibited the seed germination and seedling shoot growth of two target species. There was complete failure of seed germination ofY. japonicain 75% and 100% aqueous leaf extracts. The inhibitory effect increased with increasing extract concentration. These results suggested that allelopathy may play a role in the impact ofP. hysterophorusinvasion on native plant recruitment of invaded communities in southern China.

scholarly journals Insecticidal and repellent activities of the chloroform extracts of Urena sinuata L. against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Abdullah ◽  
A Kumar Pk ◽  
DKMA Saleh ◽  
A R Khan ◽  
N Islam
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
High Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Stem Extract

The insecticidal and repellent activity tests of the chloroform extracts of fruit, leaf, root and stem of Urena sinuata L. against the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum L. adults have been conducted. The leaf, root and stem extracts showed high toxicity by giving mortality of the beetles within 30 min. of exposure. The LD50 values for the 12, 24, 36 and 48h of exposures were 0.354, 0.262, 0.209 and 0.196mg cm2 for the fruit extract; 0.587, 0.413, 0.355 and 0.299mg cm2 for the leaf extract; 0.440, 0.389, 0.340 and 0.268mg cm2 for the root extract and 0.968, 0.661, 0.491 and 0.362mg cm2 for the stem extract. The insecticidal activity can be arranged in the order of fruit> root> leaf> stem extracts. The root and stem showed repellent activity against T. castaneum adults at P<0.01 and P<0.05 levels of significance, while the fruit and the leaf extracts did not show repellency at all. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10740 Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 30, 2011 pp. 25-28

scholarly journals Studies on Allelopathic Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Putranjiva Roxburghii Wall. on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyajit Oraon ◽  
Subrata Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Putranjiva Roxburghii

The present study reveals the allelopathic effect of aqueous leaf extracts of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. on seed germination and early growth stages of an economically important plant chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Aqueous leaf extracts at 0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 35, 50, 75 and 100% concentrations were applied to determine their effect on seed germination and early growth stages under laboratory conditions. Laboratory-based experiments with three replicates were used to arrange treatments accordingly. After 5 days of incubation the rate of seed germination, radicle length and hypocotyls length etc. of chickpea seeds were observed after treatment with aqueous leaf extracts. Highest inhibitory effect was noticed in 100% of aqueous leaf extract. Results indicated that the inhibitory effect was proportional to the concentration of the extracts. The water soluble leaf extracts contain allelochemicals, which inhibit the seed germination and reduced the early growth of chickpea.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Leaf Extract against Selected Urinary Tract Pathogens

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
I. A. Hassan ◽  
I. Abdulraheem ◽  
H. O. Emun ◽  
O. M. Shonowo
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Good Potential

Aims: The study was carried out to investigate cashew extract as anti – urinary tract infection. Methods: The leaves of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) were extracted using ethanol and distilled water; however the leaf extracts of cashew were screened for anti-microbial activities by the in vitro cup-plate method of agar diffusion technique with concentration of about 10-5 s cells/ml of the selected bacteria; using ethanol and distilled water as control. Simultaneously; the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the two extracts on selected bacteria were also determined. Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanolic and aqueous extract against the two organisms was 0.0625 g/l; namely E. coli and S. aureus except K. pneumoniae that occurred at 0.125 g/l. The two extracts were bactericidal at 0.25 g/l and above; below this concentration there were differentiations in the organism’s reaction to the extracts; for instance, the two extracts at 0.125 g/l were cidal; to the other two organisms; only K. pneumoniae was static. However at 0.0625g/l of the two extracts; the two organisms were static but K. pneumoniae showed growth. Conclusion: Hence the leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale dissolved in distilled water and ethanol are good potential for the development of antibacterial drugs for urinary tract pathogens like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SINGKONG (Manihot Utilissima Pohl) SEBAGAI OBAT ALTERNATIF ANTI REMATIK TERHADAP RASA SAKIT PADA MENCIT

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Setya Enti Rikomah ◽  
Elmitra Elmitra ◽  
Diana Gustina Yunita
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Control Test ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Excitatory Response ◽  
Cassava Leaves

Medicinal plants used for generations one of which is crop cassava leaves. Cassava leaves is believed to cure rheumatism, gout, anemia, constipation, and to increase endurance. This study aims to determine the Effects Of Ethanol Leaf Extract Singkong (Manihot Utilissima Pohl) As Drug Alternatif Antirheumatic Of Pain On Mice. This study was an experimental study using 25 mice. These animals were divided into five groups where each group consisted of 5 mice. Cassava leaf extracts as a control test, flamar gel as a positive control, and distilled water as a negative control. Observations were made for 45 minutes using a hot excitatory response in the form of a decrease in a lick or jump after the treatments. The results showed a decline in the response of mice to lick the feet or jump to the heat stimuli were administered after administration of cassava leaf extract. Cassava leaf extract has an effect antirheumatic to pain in mice. Based on the analysis of SPSS best dose in this study is the first dose (0.65mg / 20gr mice BB).

scholarly journals Allelopathic Interference of Ageratum conyzoides L. against Rice Varieties

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Bhawna Negi ◽  
S.S Bargali ◽  
Kiran Bargali ◽  
Kavita Khatri
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Seedling Length

Ageratum conyzoides L. is an invasive weed that has severely infested cultivated lands and interferes with the growth of crops. In this study aqueous extracts of 50 and 100% concentration were prepared from fresh and air dried plant parts (Leaves and roots) of A. conyzoides and their allelopathic effect was observed on seed germination and seedling growth of two rice varieties namely Sava and Geru. In Sava variety, a significant reduction in seed germination, seedling length and dry weight was recorded under dry leaf extract while under fresh leaf extract seed germination and seedling length was increased at 50% concentration as compared to control. In Geru variety both fresh and dry leaf extracts resulted in decreased seed germination and seedling growth with increasing concentration. Similar patterns were recorded for fresh and dry root extracts. The inhibitory effect of leaf extracts was more pronounced than root extract and overall dry aqueous extracts of leaf and root were more inhibitory than fresh aqueous extracts. Among varieties, Sava was least affected as compared to the Geru. This study indicated that A. conyzoides exert allelopathic effect towards rice crop by releasing water soluble phytochemicals.

Seed quality enhancement through seed priming inpigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok S. Sajjan ◽  
M. S. Dhanelappagol ◽  
R. B. Jolli
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
Karnataka State ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
And Control

Experiment was conducted in the Seed Testing Laboratory during 2013 and 2014 at RARS, UAS Campus, Vijayapur, Karnataka State. The seeds were primed by soaking in different leaf extracts and chemical solution for one hour and then decanted the extracts and seeds were air dried under the shade to bring back to their original moisture content and used for seed quality studies. Seed germination was significantly influenced by age of the seeds and its interaction with botanicals and chemicals. Among the treatments, botanicals viz., Prosopis leaf extracts @ 2per cent recorded higher seed germination followed by Pongamia leaf extract @ 2per cent. Whereas, in chemicals higher germination was seen in KNO3@ 0.5 per cent but at par with CaCl2 .2H2O @ 2 per cent. Lower seed germination was obtained with water soaked and control. The present investigation indicate that, seed priming with 2.0 per cent Prosopis leaf extract for one hours soaking enhanced the seed and seedling quality characters, and hence it could be adopted as a pre-sowing seed priming treatment in pigeon pea.

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