scholarly journals Evaluation of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts for Suppressing Bipolaris sorokiniana in Wheat Seed

2010 ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Rokshana Panna ◽  
FM Aminuzzaman ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
MHM Borhannuddin Bhuyan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Seed Pathology ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Black Cumin Seed

Studies were conducted in the Seed Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University to evaluate some indigenous plant extracts on the incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana of wheat and seed germination. Seed treated with plant extracts reduced the incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana. The lowest incidence was counted (12.33%) in seeds treated with Burmuda grass extracts (1:2W/V). While the highest seed germination (99.60%) was recorded in seeds treated with this grass extract followed by 99.33% germination in seeds treated with Neem leaf extract (1:2W/V), 98.00% with nut sedge grass rhizome extract (1:2 W/V), 87.67% with Allamanda leaf extract (1:2W/V). Comparatively the lowest incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana (14.00%) was observed in seeds treated with Neem leaf extracts (1:2W/V) followed by 14.50% in seeds treated with Nut sedge grass rhizome extracts (1:2W/V), Black cumin seed extracts (15.20%) and Allamanda leaf extract (24.00%).

scholarly journals Allelopathic Interactions of Parthenium hysterophorous with Kidney Bean, Phaseolus vulgaris

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
H. M. Tsingalia ◽  
J. M. Auma
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Allelopathy, an important mechanism in invasive species stems from the lack of coevolved tolerance of indigenous species to novel chemicals released by the invader species. These chemicals are key to successful invasive of species of natural plant communities and ecosystems. This study analyzed the allelopathic effects of the invasive plant, Parthenium hysterophorous on the growth of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). One hundred and fifty viable kidney bean seeds were washed in distilled water, and transferred in triplicates to pots with wet sterile sand. Ten grams of freshly collected Parthenium leaves and roots were weighed, grounded separately using a mortar and a pestle, mixed with 100 ml of distilled water in a beaker and left for 24 hours in a dark at a room temperature (250C). The aqueous extract filtrates were used in experimental treatments. While untreated (control) seeds germinated on day 4 seeds treated with leaf extract germinated on day 14 and day 9 for the root extract. Leaf extract inhibited germination and sprouting of new leaves more effectively than root extract. Leaves in control seeds appeared on day 1 after germination. In treated seeds, leaves appeared on the 4th day then stagnated until day 15 when more leaves sprouted. Root extract significantly depressed seed germination. The number of new leaves increased significantly in control seedlings compared to the treated ones. Combined root and leaf extracts highly significantly inhibited of seed germination and the number of new leaves. Additionally, combined treatment with root and leaf extracts significantly inhibited shoot growth, and the increase in leaf length and width. A comparison of the effectiveness of the root and leaf extracts showed that leaf extract was more effective in inhibiting shoot growth and leaf width than the root extract.

Light, ash, and pH effects on the germination and seedling growth of Typha latifolia (cattail)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2783-2787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Rivard ◽  
Paul M. Woodard
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Plant

Fire is a natural process that opens Typha latifolia L. stands by removing aboveground biomass, but little is known about how ash resulting from marsh burning affects Typha seed germination. We measured the response of T. latifolia seed to simulated pre- and post-fire effects under laboratory conditions and tested seed collected in spring for the effect of ash on seed germination and seedling morphology. Seeds were soaked for 7 days in aqueous solutions of leaf extracts, ash additions, and various pH solutions in light and dark treatments at 25 °C in vitro. In light, seed germination did not vary significantly (P < 0.01, Tukey's honestly significant difference test) among solution treatments. In darkness, seed germination was inhibited mostly by green leaf extract and yielded only 15% germination. Addition of ash to green leaf extract resulted in a germination of 40%. Solutions with pH of 4.0, 7.0, and 12.0 had no signifcant effect on germination or total plant lengths, regardless of the light treatment. Root to total plant lengths were decreased by dark treatments but not by pH. Root development was strongly inhibited by green leaf extract even with ash. Shoot growth continued with no apparent root development only in these two solutions. Three implications for marsh management of T. latifolia are proposed.

scholarly journals In Vivo Antidiabetic Efficacy, Mineral Element Composition, and Qualitative Phytochemistry of the Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Pentas zanzibarica (Klotzsch.) Vatke and Olea europaea subspecies africana (Mill.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gervason Apiri Moriasi ◽  
Cromwell Mwiti Kibiti ◽  
Mathew Piero Ngugi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Abstract Persistent hyperglycaemia is the hallmark of diabetes and is accountable for the devastating complications, which cause high morbidity and mortality. Conventional anti-diabetic agents are only palliative and characterised with limited efficacy, adverse effects, high costs, inaccessibility, prompting the need for better alternatives. Therefore, we investigated the in vivo hypoglycaemic activities, elemental composition, and qualitative phytochemistry of the aqueous leaf extracts of P. zanzibarica and O. europaea subspecies africana as potential sources of affordable, safer, accessible, and potent anti-diabetic therapies. In vivo hypoglycaemic activities of the studied plant extracts were evaluated at three dose levels of 50, 100, and 150 mg/Kg body weight (bw) in Alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic Swiss albino mice. The elemental composition of the plant extracts was analysed using the energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF System) and the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Qualitative phytochemical screening was done following standard procedures. In this study, the aqueous leaf extract of P. zanzibarica, significantly (p<0.05) reduced alloxan-induced hyperglycaemia in mice from 163.26±2.24 mg/dL (at 0h) to 52.12±1.16 mg/dL (at the 4th h) at a dose of 50 mg/Kg body weight, 166.98±1.56 mg/dL (at 0h) to 48.90±1.40 mg/dL (at 4th h) at a dose of 100 mg/Kg body weight, and 168.64±2.96 mg/dL (at 0h) to 42.46±1.80 mg/dL (at 4th h) at a dose of 150 mg/Kg body weight, respectively. Similarly, the aqueous leaf extract of O. europaea subspecies africana significantly (p<0.05) reduced hyperglycaemia from 165.74±3.66 mg/dL (at 0h) to 65.26±1.46 mg/dL (at the 4th h) at a dose of 50 mg/Kg body weight, 158.14±3.49 mg/dL (at 0h) to 53.68±1.48 mg/dL (at the 4th h) at a dose of 100 mg/Kg body weight, and from 161.66±2.19 mg/dL (at 0h) to 44.48±1.35 mg/dL (at the 4th h) at a dose of 150 mg/Kg body weight, respectively Furthermore, the extracts contained chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), among other elements, and phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, among others. Generally, the studied plant extracts exhibited significant hypoglycaemic efficacy in alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic mice, indicating their antidiabetic potential, and possess pharmacologically active phytochemicals and valuable minerals.

scholarly journals Effect of medicinal plant extracts on seed germination and seed associated mycoflora of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
MF Mahal ◽  
MS Akter
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

The experiment was carried to evaluate the efficacy of five different plant extracts i.e. Adhatida vasica, Tagetes patula, Vinca rosea, Lowsonia alba and Andrographis paniculuta on seed germination, vigor index and seed borne and seed associated mycoflora of wheat varieties viz. Sourav and Prodip in in vitro condition. Seed health test of the collected wheat seed revealed that the seed was associated with six different fungi viz. Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium sp., Aspergillus spp., Trichoderma viride, Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp. Wheat seeds were treated by dipping separately into different plant extracts of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 dilutions. Among the plant extracts, Lowsonia alba leaf extract was observed most effective followed by A. vasica, T. patula, V. rosea and A. paniculuta in reducing seed borne and seed associated mycoflora and also increased the germination rate and vigor index. J. bio-sci. 27: 23-30, 2019

scholarly journals Efficacy of Some Plant Extracts in Controlling Seed-Borne Fungal Infections of Mustard

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Abdul Latif ◽  
Abu Kaoser M Saleh ◽  
M Ashik Iqbal Khan ◽  
Habibur Rahman ◽  
M Anwar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Onion Bulb ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract ◽  
Mustard Seeds

Efficacy of various concentrations of four plant extracts prepared from garlic, Neem leaf, ginger and onion bulb on reduction of seed-borne fungi was evaluated. Among the treatments, garlic extract preparations (1:0, 1:1 and 1:2) and fungicide Rovral (0.25% of seed weight) had shown to enhance seed germination remarkably compared to the other treatment. The percent reduction of fungal incidence achieved with three concentrations of the plant extracts varied from 57.0-72.0% for garlic extracts, 48.4-57.0% for Neem leaf extract, 23.6-32.2% for ginger extract, and 10.7-15.1 for onion bulb extract. The fungi isolated from the mustard seeds included species of Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Curvularia, Fusarium, Penicillium and Rhizopus. It was also found that garlic extract was most effective in controlling the seed-borne fungi among the plant extracts studies. The effectiveness of concentrated (1:0) preparation of garlic extract was comparable to the fungicide Rovral. In addition, Neem leaf extract was moderately effective in removal of mycoflora of mustard seeds, while ginger and onion bulb extracts were the least effective in removal of the seed-borne fungi. Keywords: Mustard, Seed-borne fungi, Plant extracts, Seed germination, Control of seed-borne fungiDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v23i2.887 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 23, Number 2, December 2006, pp 168-170

scholarly journals The Repellent Effect of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts Against Pulse Beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-154
Author(s):  
MT Ahmed ◽  
M Begum ◽  
MW Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Repellent Effect ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Albizia Saman ◽  
Direct Toxicity

An Experiment was conducted in the laboratory of the Division of Entomology, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh to evaluate the efficacy of four indigenous plants parts such as leaves of raintree (Albizia saman), riot lata (Mikania micrantha), pithraj (Aphanamixis polystachya) and seeds of mahogani (Swietenia macrophylla) with methanol extracts at the rates of 10.0, 7.5, 5.0 and 2.5% for their direct toxicity against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.). Among the four plants extracts tested, pithraj leaf showed the highest (52.28%) mean repellency effect followed by riot lata (Mikania) leaf extract (46.07%), mahogani seed extract (38.79%) and raintree leaf extract (25.13%). On the basis of mean repellency rate, it was found that mahogany seed, pithraj leaf and riot lata (Mikania) leaf extracts were in the same repellency class i.e. Class Ill and except raintree leaf (Class II).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i2.22224 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 7(2): 151-154 2014

scholarly journals Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors from Croton sylvaticus Ethyl Acetate Leaf Extract and their Mutagenic Effects

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutalib A. Aderogba ◽  
Ashwell R. Ndhlala ◽  
Johannes Van Staden
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
2D Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Mutagenic Effects

Croton sylvaticus is a medicinal plant widely employed in the management of inflammatory conditions, infections and oxidative stress related diseases such as insomnia, abdominal and internal inflammations. The activities demonstrated by the plant extracts support that its constituents possess the ability to reduce oxidative damage to body cells. Repeated column fractionation of the ethyl acetate fraction of a 20% aqueous methanol leaf extract using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity directed on Sephadex LH-20 afforded three compounds identified by mass spectrometry, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as: 2′-(3″,4″-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (1), 3, 3′, 4′, 5, 7-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin) (2), and 3, 4′, 5, 7-tetrahydroxyflavone (kaempferol) (3). These compounds are reported from the leaf extracts of C. sylvaticus for the first time and compound 1 is a new natural product. The microplate technique was used to determine the inhibitory effects of the plant extracts (crude and solvent fractions) and isolated compounds against AChE. The IC50 values of the compounds ranged from 60.7 to 415.0 μg/mL, with compound 2 having the best inhibitory activity; the IC50 values of the plant crude extract and solvent fractions ranged from 235.0 to 4695.0 μg/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction had the best inhibitory activity (IC50=235.0 μg/mL). The three compounds showed no mutagenic effects against Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and TA100. The activity demonstrated by these compounds suggests that they could be effective in the management of neurodegenerative disorders.

scholarly journals Studies on Allelopathic Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Putranjiva Roxburghii Wall. on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyajit Oraon ◽  
Subrata Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Putranjiva Roxburghii

The present study reveals the allelopathic effect of aqueous leaf extracts of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. on seed germination and early growth stages of an economically important plant chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Aqueous leaf extracts at 0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 35, 50, 75 and 100% concentrations were applied to determine their effect on seed germination and early growth stages under laboratory conditions. Laboratory-based experiments with three replicates were used to arrange treatments accordingly. After 5 days of incubation the rate of seed germination, radicle length and hypocotyls length etc. of chickpea seeds were observed after treatment with aqueous leaf extracts. Highest inhibitory effect was noticed in 100% of aqueous leaf extract. Results indicated that the inhibitory effect was proportional to the concentration of the extracts. The water soluble leaf extracts contain allelochemicals, which inhibit the seed germination and reduced the early growth of chickpea.

scholarly journals Larvicidal Efficacies of Four Indigenous Plant Extracts Against Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
Md Adnan Al Bachchu ◽  
Kismot Ara ◽  
Md Nizam Uddin ◽  
Roushan Ara
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Castor Plant

An investigation was carried out on the larvicidal efficacy of four indigenous plant extracts against the 6th instar larvae of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) during the period of February to July 2016. The result revealed that all the four plant extracts were effective in checking insect infestation and had different toxic effects against the 6th instar larvae of red flour beetle. Average mortality indicated that castor plant extract showed the highest toxic effect (average mortality 57.78%) whereas the lowest toxicity (average mortality 27.46%) was found in the neem leaf extracts. The larval mortality significantly differed among all the concentrations of the plant extracts applied and the highest mortality (60.75%) was recorded in maximum concentration (10.61 mg/cm2) of the plant extract. No larval mortality was observed in untreated control up to 72 HATs. Mortality percentage was also observed directly proportional to the level of concentrations of plant extracts and to the exposure period. Probit analysis of larval mortality also revealed that the castor plant extract showed the highest toxicity at different time interval among all the plant extracts applied. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 43(2): 223-232, December 2017

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antifungal Activities of Five Plant Extracts against Pseudoperenospora cubensis (Downy Mildew) in Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
M. J. Falade ◽  
O. A. Borisade ◽  
M. Aluko
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Conidia Germination ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

Laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effect of leaf extracts of five indigenous plant on conidia germination, growth and sporulation of Pseudoperenospora cubensis causing downy mildew disease of muskmelon. Extracts of five plant; mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), bush banana (Uvaria chamae), salt and oil tree (Cleistopholis patens), goat weed (Ageratum conyzoides) and African eggplant (Solanum macrocarpon) at Four concentrations (15, 30, 45 and 60%) were tested against the growth, conidial germination and sporulation of Pseudoperenospora cubensis in vitro. Results show that all the plant extracts significantly inhibited conidia germination and radial growth compared to the control. The extracts had no significant (p≤0.05) effect on sporulation. The rate of inhibition of growth and conidia germination was concentration dependent being highest at 60% for the extracts. The extracts of Solanum macrocarpon was the most effective followed by Ageratum conyzoides, Cleistopholis patens and Uvaria chamea whileTithonia diversifolia caused the least inhibition of growth and conidia germination. At 15, 30, 45 and 60% concentrations growth of Pseudoperenospora cubensis on PDA modified with Solanum macrocqrponwere 3.79, 3.65, 3.33 and 2.87; and 4.25, 4.12, 3.92 and 3.89 for PDA modified with Tithonia diversifolia. Similarly, conidia germination percentages recorded at same concentration of extracts S. macrocarpon were 87, 85, 70 and 62% while that of T. diversifolia were 91, 87, 84 and 72%. The study shows that the plant extracts has the potential for inhibition of the pathogen.

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